Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera of 480 hospitalized hepatitis patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and anti-HAV of IgM-class. Serological markers indicating hepatitis A infection were found in 107 (22.3%) and markers indicating hepatitis B in 297 patients (61.9%), while 63 patients (13.1%) were classified as hepatitis type "non-A, non-B". The latter group mainly comprised drug addicts (50.8%), cases of post-transfusion hepatitis (11.1%) and patients without obvious hepatitis exposure (28.6%). In spite of these epidemiological similarities to hepatitis B, the maximum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were comparable to those in patients with hepatitis A and significantly lower than in hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis developed in 7.1% of the "non-A, non-B" patients, a figure close to that reported for hepatitis B.
...
PMID:Clinical, epidemiological and prognostic aspects of hepatitis "non-A, non-B"--a comparison with hepatitis A and B. 11 11

A consecutive series of 115 patients hospitalized with acute viral hepatitis in Copenhagen was studied for serological markers for hepatitis A and B virus. Thirty-nine patients had type B, 66 had type A, 3 had both type A and B, and 7 had type non-A non-B. Of the patients 81% were between 15 and 40 years of age, and there was a dominance of males due to an overrepresentation of homosexual males (30%) in both the A and B group. The main type of exposure to hepatitis type A was travel to foreign countries (53%), and for type B it was drug addiction (41%). In types A and B the duration of jaundice was positively correlated to the age of the patients but did not vary with sex or type of exposure. There was no difference in maximum alanine aminotransferase levels between the groups, but maximum bilirubin levels were lower for the type A group. Patients with hepatitis type A had a higher level of IgM than those with type B and with type non-A and non-B. We conclude that both clinically acute hepatitis type A and type B occur mainly in young adults and that foreign travel, drug addiction, and homosexuality increase the risk of getting acute hepatitis.
...
PMID:Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute hepatitis types A, B, and non-A non-B. 12 1

Alanine aminotransferase activity is present in mitochondria and the cell sap fraction of the rat myocardium. As distinct from the cell sap form, mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase was significantly inhibited by chloride ions, maleate and incubation medium temperatures of over 40 degrees C. Activity of the cell sap enzyme was inhibited by phosphate and stimulated by temperatures of over 40 degrees C. The pH optimum for cell sap alanine aminotransferase was in the region of 8, while for the mitochondrial enzyme it had a wider range (pH 7.3-8.2). D,L-penicillamine, and antagonist of vitamin B6, inhibited alanine aminotransferase activity equally in intact and tritonized mitochondria and in the cell sap fraction. The activity of mitochondrial and cell sap alanine aminotransferease rose in correlation to the stage of ontogenesis, the maximum increase being observed in the cell sap fraction 14-20 days after birth. The addition of coenzyme to the incubation medium did not affect the activity of either mitochondrial or cell sap alanine aminotransferase. The results indicate that there are two different alanine aminotransferase enzymes in the rat heart, with different intracellular localizations and probably with different regulative functions.
...
PMID:Some properties of mitochondrial and cell sap alanine aminotransferase of the rat heart. 13 62

The blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans (strain L 1402-1) was grown at +37 degrees C in air (0.03 vol% CO2 and in air enriched with 3.0 vol% CO2. The effects of several inhibitors on the activity of aminotransferases, 14CO2 fixation and radioactive photosynthetic products of Anacystis were studied. No serine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity could be found in 10-2 M isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH); under the influence of this inhibitor aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were decreased about 49% respectively 17.6%. Serine-pyruvate and alanine aminotransferase activity decreased to more than 50% in 10-3 M glyoxalbisulfite. The obtained inhibitory effect of 10-4 M HPMS on serine-pyruvate aminotransferase (35%) was stronger than one the other aminotransferases. DCMU (5 x 10-6 M) inhibition on alanine aminotransferase activity was 83.7%. Under the influence of 10-3 M glyoxalbisulfite no 14C-labelled amino acids could be detected after 5 min photosynthesis; 14C-labelling of phosphoenolpyruvate, malate, phosphoglycolate and glycolic acid increased. Isonicotinyl hydrazide (10-2 M) caused in comparison to the control experiment a lower radioactivity in aspartate glutamate and phosphoenolpyruvate. The results are discussed with reference fo the operation of the glycolate pathway and a carboxylation reaction of phosphoenol-pyruvate in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans.
...
PMID:[Activity of aminotransferases in the blue green alga Anacystis nidulans]. 13 84

1. A reversible transamination reaction between L-glutamate and pyruvate, or L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate, takes place in the mitochondrial and cell sap fractions of rat brain. 2. The maximum rate of the transamination reaction in both subfractions was observed in the presence of a keto- substrate concentration of 2.5 mM only, but an amino- donor concentration of 20 mM. 3. The apparent Menten-Michaelis constants for pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate were of a 10(-4) M and for L-glutamate and L-alanine of a 10(-3) M order and were approximately the same for both fractions. 4. The ratio of the initial rate of the L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate to the L-glutamate + pyruvate transamination reaction in the cell sap and mitochondrial fractions amounted to up to 2. 5. The apparent equilibrium constant derived from the Haldane equation was 7.01 for cell sap alanine aminotransferase and 4 for the mitochondrial enzyme. 6. Increasing pyridoxal-5'-phosphate concentrations in the incubation medium were accompanied by only non-significant stimulation of alanine aminotransferase activity in the mitochondrial and cell sap fractions. 7. A comparison of the kinetic data obtained on mitochondrial and cell sap alanine aminotransferases in vitro with the actual substrate concentrations in the transamination reaction in nervous tissue in vivo indicates that the direction of the transamination reaction in situ seems to be determined simply by compartmentation and by dynamic changes in amino- and keto- substrates in the mitochondrial and cell sap spaces.
...
PMID:Kinetics of the alanine aminotransferase reaction in the mitochondrial and cell sap fractions of rat brain. 14 Mar 99

1. Percutaneous needle biopsies were obtained from six limb muscles in six horses before and during a training programme of 10 or 15 weeks designed to involve both aerobic and anaerobic work. In a subsequent detraining period, biopsies were also taken after 5 and 10 weeks. 2. Samples were analysed biochemically for enzyme activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aldolase (ALD), citrate synthase (CS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and for glycogen content. Fibre typing was carried out histochemically before and 10 weeks after commencement of training. 3. There was a significant increase in the percentage of high myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/high oxidative (FTH) fibres with a corresponding decrease in high myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/low oxidative (FT) fibres and low myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/high oxidative (ST) fibres after 10 weeks training. 4. During training, enzyme activities increased progressively but at different rates with an approximate twofold increase in all of the enzymes except CPK by the end of the training period. Changes in all the muscles studied were similar. Glycogen content increased by approximately 33% which was significant when all the muscles were considered together. 5. A decrease in enzyme activity occurred after 5 weeks detraining. However at 10 weeks a consistent but inexplicable increase in all enzyme levels, except CS again occurred. 6. It is concluded that training increased greatly the activity of enzymes involved in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
...
PMID:The effect of training and detraining on muscle composition in the horse. 14 28

1. Liver and serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) activities were measured in a hibernating desert lizard, Uromastix hardwickii. The levels of both enzymes were found to be lower in hibernation than during the active period, particularly in the liver. 2. After intramuscular injection of 2 mg of cortisone acetate there was a rapid rise in the levels of these enzymes with a peak of 18 hours (GOT) and 12 hours (GPT). 3. The response of both enzymes to cortisone was much greater during the active period than during hibernation. 4. GOT showed a much more rapid and greater response to cortisone than GPT. This is in contrast to the response of rat liver where GPT is more responsive to this hormone. 5. These studies indicate that the transferase enzymes of this lizard differ from those of the rat in their sensitivity and time of response to cortisone.
...
PMID:Effect of cortisone on aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in a desert lizard. 14 52

The effect of the 3-monthly injectable contraceptive depot medroxyporgesterone acetate (DMPA) on liver function and lipids was assessed in Thai women both with and without liver fluke (Ophisthorchis viverrini) infestation. DMPA administration was started in the immediate postpartum period and women who accepted immediate postpartum IUD insertion of sterilization were recruited as a control group. Complete 18-month followup results were obtained for 108 DMPA and 106 control fluke-positive subjects and for 89 DMPA and 74 fluke-negative subjects. No woman in any of the groups developed signs or symptoms of hepatic disease and the DMPA users had fewer health-related complaints during followup than the control subjects. Over 80% of both groups of users were amenorrheic 18 months postpartum, compared with about 15% of those in the control group. A large majority of subjects in each group continued to breastfeed for the entire study period without complaint. Weight change was small and similar in both the DMPA and control groups. Total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase levels at 6, 12, and 18 months in the DMPA groups were generally equivalent to or lower than those in the corresponding control groups. Cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the fluke-positive DMPA subjects while serum triglycerides were significantly decreased in both DMPA groups compared with their controls throughout the followup period. We conclude that during 18 months of use, DMPA did not cause any deleterious effects on health or on the metabolic factors studied in women with and without liver fluke infestation.
...
PMID:Effects of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in Thai women with liver fluke infestation: final results. 16 23

We investigated the enzyme activity of the blank in the spectrophotometric determination of the aminotransferase activities and aspartate aminotransferase activity. 6 lactate dehydrogenase and 3 malate dehydrogenase preparations from different manufactures and from different organs showed additional and contaminating activity. The additional activity depends upon the 2-oxoglutarate concentration. The contaminating activity is caused by alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the auxiliary enzymes. We propose that exact definitions must be given for the auxiliary enzymes in the recommendations of standard determinations for enzyme activities.
...
PMID:Influence of auxiliary enzymes on the spectrophotometric measurement of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. 17 28

1)The time course of changes in concentration of renal metabolites in response to a non-toxic load of NH4 as NH4 Cl or NH4HCO3 were measured in fasted rats. 2) Following a NH4Cl load, decrease of renal concentration of 2-oxoglutarate occurs but this change is delayed in relation to the peak of the blood ammonia concentration and persists after disappearance of the hyperammoniemia. 3) Following a NH4HCO3 load, the oxoglutarate concentration changes are less marked and more transient. 4) No close relationship between the mitochondrial free NAD/NADH ratio calculated from the glutamate dehydrogenase and the 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase systems were seen during alteration of the ammonia concentration. 5) Contrary to the observations in the liver under similar circumstances (BROSNAN, J.T. et al.: Biochem.J. 138, 453, 1974), no increase in kidney tissue or renal venous blood alanine or aspartate concentration are seen. 6) A constant infusion of NH4HCO3 resulted only in an increase in tissue and renal venous blood glutamine concentration. 7) The infusion of NH4 together with a carbon source (malate) resulted in a similar increase in tissue glutamine concentration and more striking increase in renal venous glutamine concentration. No accumulation of aspartate nor alanine were seen. 8) In vitro studies indicate that the net flux through both the aspartate aminotransferase and the glutamate dehydrogenase reactions is dependent on the concentration of the reactants as expected for a near-equilibrium system. 9) It is concluded that the kidney response to an ammonia load differs from that of the liver despite the existence of a similar network of near-equilibrium reactions of (1) a lack of local availability of oxaloacetate, (2) a lower activity of alanine aminotransferase, (3) a greater in vivo activity of glutamine synthetase.
...
PMID:Effect of an ammonia load on the kidney near-equilibrium systems in the rat in vivo. 18 80


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---