Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of GOT, GPT, APh, liver APh, gamma GTP, AAP and serum cholinesterase were determined in 80 patients with chronic liver diseases, diagnosed clinically, laparoscopically and by liver biopsy. Out of the patients with liver cirrhosis (51), those with portal cirrhosis (40) have a considerably higher activity of gamma GTP, intestinal APh than the patients with postecrotic cirrhosis (11). Cholinesterase activity is markedly lower in patients with cirrhosis and ascites than in the patients without ascites. With the histological data about the activity gamma GTP and GOT are considerably higher without activity. Examinations were carried out also upon patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (4), chronic persisting hepatitis (9), liver cancer (12) and liver steatosis (4). The data revealed that the majority of the enzymes are with a higher sensitivity (especially gamma GTP, GOT, liver APh, cholinesterase) but with more restricted diagnostic and differential-diagnostic potentialities in view of the great dispersion of the enzyme activities with the separate liver diseases.
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PMID:[Comparative laparoscopic, bioptic and clinical enzymological studies in liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases]. 14 93

Blood was obtained from 11 males participating in the Berlin marathon 1986, directly before and after the marathon, and on the three following days. Several observations were made: a) catalytic concentrations (activity) of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) increased directly after the marathon or on the three following days; b) Cholinesterase (CHE), amylase (AML) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) decreased directly after the marathon; c) the time course of AP and LDH isoenzyme activity after the race indicated an elimination from plasma to lower values than those originally observed before the run.
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PMID:Enzyme catalytic concentrations in human plasma after a marathon. 247 May 33

The activity of several blood enzymes in the presence and absence of arsenite (As) and cadmium (Cd) was investigated under in vitro conditions. Both human and rat blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were adversely affected by As at the 0.8 and 1.6 micrograms/ml levels. The latter was completely inactivated whereas the former retained approximately 30% of its original activity. The effect of Cd on this enzyme was much smaller: 650 g Cd/ml were needed to decrease its activity by 30% of the original value. As noted for GSH-Px, the rat's glutamyl oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) appears to be appreciably more sensitive to the As inhibitory effect than the human enzyme (by a factor of 3). Cd, however, failed to bring about any inhibition of GOT. In the case of glutamyl pyruvate transaminase (GPT) both As and Cd had a marked effect, manifested in 70% and 78% inhibition, respectively. Blood glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-G-PD) was inhibited by both Cd and As, however, within the concentration range used, only Cd inhibited it completely. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was inhibited completely by both Cd and As.
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PMID:In vitro effects of cadmium and arsenite on glutathione peroxidase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, cholinesterase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in blood. 261 33

The present investigation revealed the effect of the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin at the dose level 0.25 LD50 at different time intervals on the concentration of 11 rat brain amino acids, on the activities of glutamic oxyacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GpT) and cholinesterase. The study was also extended to include the total protein content during the tested periods. The daily injection of dieldrin caused a marked decrease in the levels of glutamic acid, glutamine and taurine and an increase in the levels of aspartic acid, asparagine, GABA, glycine, lysine, serine, alanine and histidine. However, the maximal increase and decrease were recorded for most of the tested amino acids at the end of the tested period. The activity of the transaminases increased significantly. The recorded values of GOT were usually higher than GPT. Cholinesterase activity was inhibited thoroughly during all the experimental periods. Total protein content was decreased in the experiment; the minimal value was given 3 days after the injection.
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PMID:Effect of dieldrin injection on the level of certain amino acids and some enzymes in rat brain. 287 4

Two serum enzymes which originate from the liver under different circumstances were examined as potential biological indicators in serum for cadmium toxicity. The first of those is an enzyme that leaks from damaged liver cells. The second is an enzyme that is secreted by the normal functioning liver. Cadmium chloride was injected s.c. into male and female rats of the Wistar strain (8, 15 and 22 weeks old), at doses of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg Cd/kg body weight (in total 18 groups). Cholinesterase (CHE; EC 3.1.1.8) activity in serum was found to decrease with time after the administration of a single injection of cadmium chloride and, in all experimental groups, was significantly lower than the control values on day 2 after the injection. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6.1.2) activity in serum, however, increased only in the oldest group of males receiving the high dose levels of cadmium. A time-course experiment in which male and female rats 15 weeks of age were administered 1.5 mg Cd/kg body weight showed that the serum CHE activity started to decrease on day 1 after the injection, attained the lowest level on days 2 and 3, and then recovered almost to control levels on day 5. On the other hand, the GPT activity remained at or less than control values throughout the experimental period. The results indicate that CHE activity in serum is a sensitive biological indicator for cadmium toxicity.
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PMID:Depression of serum cholinesterase activity by cadmium. 404 26

Nineteen hundred sixteen agricultural workers who have been living in a rural area in central Japan were studied. Their age, blood pressure, Broca index, hemoglobin content, serum total cholesterol, and activity of serum cholinesterase and transaminase (GOT and GPT) were determined. The relation between the cholinesterase activity and certain physiochemical factors of the subjects was studied. Cholinesterase activity (ChE) is related to certain factors such as age, hemoglobin content (Hb), serum total cholesterol (TCh), transaminase activity (GPT), and Broca index (BI). A multiple regression equation exists between the cholinesterase activity and these factors: ln ChE = a (age) + b (Hb2) + c X ln GPT + d X ln TCh + e BI + f, where a, b, c, d, e, and f are constants. The estimated value of cholinesterase activity agrees with its measured activity. The partial correlation coefficients of the equation can be classified into the following three classes: (1) The partial correlation coefficients of total cholesterol and Broca index are nearly constant without distinction of sex and season. (2) The coefficient of hemoglobin content has a small seasonal and sexual difference. (3) The coefficients of age and GPT have a great seasonal and sexual difference. Using the equation, the most probable value of cholinesterase activity can be estimated. Therefore, the significant changes of its activity may be attributed to the toxic effects of insecticides or the abnormality of liver function.
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PMID:Multiple regression analysis of the cholinesterase activity with certain physiochemical factors. 669 17

The effect of LC50 (1.8 mg/l) and a sublethal (0.3 mg/l) concentration of mercuric chloride on the blood of a teleost fish, Ophiocephalus (Channa) punctatus (the freshwater murrel-soley) was observed at 96 h and 15 and 30 days. Haemoglobin and haematocrit decreased after exposure, but no marked alteration was observed in total plasma protein. Glucose, cholesterol, urea, sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphate increased after acute and chronic exposures. Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and amylase activities increased after exposure to LC50 for 96 h and to the sublethal concentration for 15 and 30 days. No marked alteration was observed in acid phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in acute exposure, and increased in chronic exposure. Cholinesterase activity decreased after both acute and chronic exposures.
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PMID:Mercury induced haematological and biochemical anomalies in Ophiocephalus (Channa) punctatus. 746 53

A total of 107 cancer patients were treated with 148 cycles of subcutaneous (SC) immunotherapy employing interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and/or interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha). The systemic toxicities of SC cytokine therapy were retrospectively evaluated with regard to hepatic and metabolic adverse effects, and compared to adverse effects previously reported upon high- or intermediate-dose intravenous (IV) rIL-2 therapy. Our study cohorts consisted of 15 patients who received SC rIL-2 at doses of 4.8-14.4 million IU/m2/day on 5 days per week for a total of 8 weeks, 20 patients who received rIFN-alpha 2b at 3.0-6.0 million U/m2/day thrice weekly for a total of 6 weeks, and 72 patients who were given SC rIFN-alpha 2b at 6.0 million U/m2/day thrice weekly plus SC rIL-2 at 14.4-18.0 million IU/m2/day on days 1 and 2, followed by 4.8 million IU/m2/day, 5 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks. These treatment regimens were well tolerated in the outpatient setting; no toxic deaths occurred, and none of the patients developed life-threatening toxicity. Upon SC rIL-2/rIFN-alpha combination therapy, we observed mild decreases in plasma protein and albumin levels (mean nadir +/- standard deviation, 67 +/- 5 g/L and 38.8 +/- 3.9 g/L, respectively), minor albeit significant increases in serum total bilirubin levels (mean peak +/- standard deviation, 7.8 +/- 3.1 mumol/L), serum aspartate aminotransferase (25.9 +/- 9.9 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (42.0 +/- 45.9 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (301 +/- 255 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (230 +/- 64 U/L), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (147 +/- 141 U/L) activities and triacylglyceride (2.6 +/- 0.9 mmol/L) concentrations. Cholinesterase activities (mean nadir +/- standard deviation, 42.6 +/- 13.7 kU/L), and serum cholesterol levels (4.4 +/- 0.9 mmol/L) decreased upon SC rIL-2/rIFN-alpha combination therapy. These mild clinical side effects and laboratory changes were in marked contrast to a multitude of dose-limiting and life-threatening adverse reactions described upon IV rIL-2 therapy. It is concluded that low-to intermediate-dose SC rIL-2/rIFN-alpha combination therapy as used in this study, can be given in the outpatient setting with good practicability and excellent safety.
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PMID:Hepatic and serologic toxicity of systemic interleukin-2 and/or interferon-alpha. Evidence of a risk-benefit advantage of subcutaneous therapy. 791 Jul 16

The values of assayed various chemical constituents in serum were varied on fasting therapy. The correlationship of the change among such constituents was investigated by drowning the dendrogram using fuzzy similarity relations. Normal and severe obese subjects were respectively selected from the fasting patients at Hyogo prefectural KENKO DOJO, and in contrast non-fasting healthy people were also selected. Fasting was practice under the conditions of 300 Kcal per day for 7 days, and then refeeding was enforced for 7 days after fasting. 21 Items of biochemical tests were used for this analysis, and dendrogram was drown by Otake's method. On the dendrogram of reference, the significant correlations between AST and ALT, Total Protein and Cholinesterase, Sodium and Potassium were found. The dendrogram of fasting period of normal group showed the simple patterns, and unique correlations were drawn on the dendrogram of refeeding period of normal group. The dendrogram of severe obese group of refeeding period showed more simple patterns than fasting period.
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PMID:[Analysis of the variations of clinical test data on fasting therapy using fuzzy similarity dendrogram]. 829 49