Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BALB/C female mice were given different dosages of TNF in 0.1 ml sterile PBS containing 1% human serum albumin. Control mice were injected with PBS and human albumin alone. Autopsy examination was carried out and blood biochemistry studied. The results showed that the LD50 was 6 X 10(7) mu/kg. There were serious hyperemia and inflammation of the organs of dead mice, while other smaller dosages of TNF caused acute toxicity of different degrees, except for the 3 X 10(6) mu/kg dosage. Changes of alkaline phosphatase were significant compared with control. Blood sugar increases correlated with the TNF dosage. Changes of GPT and BUN were insignificant. TNF levels in the sera of humans and rabbits were also studied following TNF injection. The serum level of TNF decreased rather quickly in both animals and patients: about 85% of TNF was lost within 5 min after TNF injection, and no TNF could be detected 6 hrs after injection.
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PMID:[Studies on acute toxicity and serum level changes of tumor necrosis factor]. 253 78

Analyses of the prognoses of thirty-four patients with hepatocellular cancer, who were treated by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and/or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and/or hyperthermotherapy, were performed by multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model and generalized Wilcoxon test. In the multivariate analysis on the conditions of patients, nine of fifteen variables were associated with the prognosis of patients who received regional cancer chemotherapy. The variables are: sex, liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices, GOT, GPT, albumin and gamma-globulin. One of three variables was associated with the prognosis in the therapy analysis, and the variable is TAE. Significant differences in survival curves which were estimated by generalized Wilcoxon test were noted in age, portal vein invasion, ascites, GOT and TAE. From these results it is suggested that the conditions of patients with unresectable hepatocellular cancer must be carefully investigated before regional cancer chemotherapy and the good therapy effects is obtained by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial embolization therapy.
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PMID:[Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular cancer treated by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy]. 255 Dec 36

Eight permanent human hepatocellular carcinoma (HHC) cell lines were established from 8 individual patients by the use of aspirated needle biopsy specimens (smaller than 0.1 ml in size). The cells grew in clustered form and retained intercellular junctions and canaliculi resembling bile canaliculi. The presence of secreted human alpha-fetoprotein and human albumin was detected in the cultured medium. Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen was not found on these cells. Implantation of the cells into athymic mice was followed by the growth of hepatocellular carcinomas and the appearance of human alpha-fetoprotein in the mouse serum. Chromosome analysis of three of the cell lines showed hyperdiploidy in two of them and hypotetraploidy in the other. Enzyme analyses of culture medium and cell homogenates have detected some enzymes characteristic of liver tissue such as gamma-glutamyl transferase, sorbital dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as aspartate and alanine transaminase. These tumor cells have been continuously maintained in culture for over 6 years with no significant changes observed.
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PMID:Culturing of human hepatocellular carcinoma. A simple and reproducible method. 257 38

Plasma methionine enkephalin is increased in liver disease and may contribute to some of the clinical manifestations of hepatic failure. To determine if another 'small' opioid peptide is increased in the plasma of patients with liver disease, leucine enkephalin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Its plasma concentration was raised approximately five-fold in patients with acute liver disease (median 1490 pmol/l, range 830-2420) and three-fold in patients with cirrhosis with ascites (960 pmol/l, 470-2900), compared with disease controls (325 pmol/l, 180-740) and healthy controls (305 pmol/l, 180-560). The increase in plasma leucine enkephalin was proportional to the degree of liver damage, as judged in the patients with acute liver disease by its correlation with the prothrombin time (r = 0.691, p less than 0.01) and alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.502, p less than 0.05), and in the patients with cirrhosis by its negative correlation with the plasma albumin (r = -0.743, p less than 0.001). It is unclear whether the raised plasma leucine enkephalin in liver disease is a consequence of diminished hepatic inactivation, increased secretion from sympathetic nerves and adrenal glands, or both.
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PMID:Plasma leucine enkephalin is increased in liver disease. 258 65

The chronic oral toxicity of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4), a new anti-pollakiuria agent, was studied in beagle dogs. Groups of 6 males and 6 females were treated with P-4 at doses of 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 9 mg/kg/day for one year and thereafter 2 animals of both sexes in each group were placed on withdrawal for one month. During administration and recovery period, no death occurred in any dosed animals. As a toxic sign, only the frequency of vomiting was increased in animals of 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups. Body weight, food and water consumption were not affected by the P-4 administration. In serum chemical examinations, gamma-GTP activity was increased in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group at 6 month of administration. Further decrease in total and free cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid, increase in GPT activity were detected in some animals of 9 mg/kg/day group at 12 month of administration. In addition decreasing tendency in levels of albumin was noted in males of 9 mg/kg/day group at 9 and 12 month of administration. And also, a gradual increase in total protein level and a gradual decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity were seen in control group, but in females or males of 9 mg/kg/day group, those changes were mild. Urine pH rised slightly in females of 3 mg/kg/day group and in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group. No specific findings attributable to P-4 treatment were detected in ECG, heart rate, funduscopy, hematology, fecal occult blood test and necropsy. The absolute and/or relative liver weight in males of 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups were significantly increased. Light-microscopically, the hypertrophy of hepatocytes characterized by homogenization and enlargement of cytoplasmic space, and concentric inclusions in hepatocytic cytoplasm were detected in both sexes of 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups. Corresponding to these microscopical findings, the following changes were observed electron-microscopically, the proliferation of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes in both sexes of 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups, lamellar bodies in hepatocytes in females of 3 mg/kg/day group, and in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group, and annulate lamellae in hepatocytes were detected in one female of 9 mg/kg/day group. After the recovery period, the above mentioned abnormalities were markedly attenuated or disappeared except the changes in hepatocytes. From these results, it seemed that 9 mg/kg/day of P-4 might be safety dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[One-year chronic oral toxicity study of propiverine hydrochloride in dogs followed by one-month recovery]. 260 51

The grayanotoxin III (GTX III) was given intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 0.8 or 2.8 mg/kg. To study the effects of GTX III on rats, biological tests in serum for functions of liver and kidney and their pathological observation were performed 1 h after the administration. Using analysis of variance, multiple comparison and correlation on biological parameters, activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), guanase and leucine aminopeptidase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid and K increased significantly. These parameters showed dose-effect relations with GTX III. Though GPT and free fatty acid increased significantly, dose-effect relations were not shown. The activity of choline esterase and the concentrations of bilirubin, urea-N, lipoperoxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, Na and Cl were not significantly different. Pathological changes were not observed in the liver and kidney of rats. These results show that GTX III may affect the functions of liver and kidney in rats.
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PMID:[Effects of grayanotoxin III on liver function and renal function in rats]. 262 64

In patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency, chronic nonspecific diseases of respiratory system, lung malignancies, as well as in the group of patients with "other diseases" complicated by bacterial pneumonia the total protein and protein fractions, bilirubin, activity of alanine aminotransferase and of aspartate aminotransferase in the blood serum has been determined. The control group consisted of analogous groups of patient without, however, bacterial pneumonia. It has been stated that in patients with lung cancer bacterial pneumonia has been accompanied by the increased concentration of beta-globulin and the decreased concentration of gamma-globulin. In other groups of patients the lowered concentration of albumin and the increased concentration of alpha-globulin has been observed. Chronic nonspecific diseases of respiratory system were, moreover, characterized by the increased concentration of gamma-globulin. In some groups of patients with secondary bacterial pneumonias if compare with analogous++ groups of patients without pneumonia the increased bilirubin concentration and increased activity of alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase remaining however within normal range has been demonstrated.
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PMID:[Results of various biochemical studies in secondary bacterial pneumonia]. 263 Nov 44

Studies were carried out on the effect of various cadmium doses, which were given to growing rats in diet. A 42-day biological experiment was carried out on male growing Wistar rats. The animals divided into groups were given diets containing cadmium in amounts of 50, 100 and 200 ppm and diet with no adding cadmium. The diets contained 20% of protein in equal amounts from wheat gluten and casein. It was demonstrated that cadmium had a significant influence on diet intake and growth of rats. The absorption from diets containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm of cadmium was about 30 to 48%. The more cadmium was absorbed, the most was in blood and rat liver. Anaemia was noted in animals, which were given diets with cadmium. Rats had a low level of haematocrit and haemoglobin in plasma. It was shown that cadmium intake caused a significant decrease in plasma albumin concentration and increase of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity.
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PMID:[Effect of various cadmium doses in the diet on the body of growing rats]. 263 83

Twenty apparently healthy, young male volunteers, aged 18-25 (mean 19.3, SD 1.4) years received a 6 months standardized, graded outdoor physical training and were screened for serum magnesium concentration (S-Mg), serum calcium concentration (S-Ca), serum aspartate amino transferase (S-AST), serum alanine amino transferase (S-ALT), serum creatine kinase activity (S-CK), other laboratory variables, weight, and VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1 [corrected] (VO2 max), before a 70 km march, as well as at 1, 24 and 72 h and 18 days after. Maximal aerobic power, body weight, haemoglobin, haematocrit, serum creatinine, total protein and albumin remained unchanged throughout. Immediately after the march, S-Mg did not change, S-AST, S-ALT and S-CK rose, but the rise was not statistically significant, while small but significant rises in S-Ca (P less than 0.05, Student's t-test) and serum cholesterol (P less than 0.01) normalized at 24 h. At 72 h after the march, a significant fall in S-Mg was found (P less than 0.01), together with a second significant rise in S-Ca (P less than 0.05). After 18 days, with no intervening marches or dietary changes, S-Mg remained significantly lowered (P less than 0.05), mean S-ALT and S-CK became significantly raised for the first time (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01 respectively), whereas S-Ca normalized. Concomitantly, for the first time there was now a significant rise in blood sugar (P less than 0.001), serum triglycerides (P less than 0.01), and a second rise of serum cholesterol (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Delayed metabolic changes after strenuous exertion in trained young men. 264 Sep 4

The causes and clinical signs of hepatobiliary involvement in disease are many and varied and often are not referable directly to this organ system. Laboratory investigation frequently is necessary to rule hepatic disease in or out, to assess the functional impact on the liver, and to decide whether hepatic disease is the patient's primary problem or a complication of something else. The selection and interpretation of laboratory tests to resolve these problems is based on an understanding of relevant functional anatomy and pathophysiology. The mainstay of such assessment is hepatic enzymology, which can detect active disease in both hepatocytes and the biliary system. The hepatocellular pattern of disease is characterized by increases in leakage enzymes such as SDH, GLDH, and ALT and the cholestatic pattern by increases in induced enzymes (ALP and GGT). In general, enzymology does not allow the intensity or functional effect of hepatobiliary disease to be assessed, and quite severe hepatopathies may have only minimal enzyme abnormalities. For this reason, the primary biochemical data base for ruling hepatobiliary disease in or out always should involve some screening tests of hepatic function, such as albumin, protein, bilirubin, glucose, or urea determinations; as well as urinalysis to search for bilirubinuria and urobilinogenuria in hyperbilirubinemic patients and for ammonium biurate crystals when hyperammonemia or hepatic encephalopathy is suspected. Because the liver synthesizes most clotting factors, evaluation of blood coagulation is indicated when surgery is contemplated on patients with liver disease or when bleeding is present. Paired pre- and post-prandial determinations of serum bile acids are the preferred method for assessment of hepatobiliary function in dogs and cats. However, the BSP clearance test continues to be useful in the functional assessment of the liver as long as the dye remains available to veterinarians. Clearance of BSP is delayed in hepatocellular, cholestatic, and portosystemic disease as well as by severe extrahepatic circulatory disturbances, In general, this functional test is less sensitive than serum bile acids or the ammonia tolerance test in the recognition of hepatic encephalopathy caused by portosystemic anomalies. The objectives of biochemical screening of the liver are to establish the type (hepatocellular, biliary, or mixed), duration (acute, chronic), and stage (aggressive, convalescent) of hepatobiliary disease and to assess functional status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Biochemical evaluation of the hepatobiliary system in dogs and cats. 267 13


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