Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum biochemical parameters were studied in 42 healthy wild-caught adult tamarins (S. mystax), males and females, to determine the normal values. Blood samples were drawn repeatedly, and the serum was tested for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, isocitric dehydrogenase, serum glucose, serum urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. The results indicated that serum chemistry values were similar to those reported as normal for both humans and other Callitrichidae species. The study of serum biochemical parameters in tamarins with experimental hepatitis A indicated that serum enzyme activities alone reflected the hepatic damage, while other biochemical parameters were of no real clinical importance. The experimental results showed the levels of serum urea to be indicative of the pathological involvement of the kidneys in experimental hepatitis A in some cases.
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PMID:[The biochemical indices of the blood serum in experimental hepatitis A in tamarins]. 132 56

A novel, simple, clinically useful quantitative liver function test, called the galactose single point (GSP) method, was developed by measurement of galactose blood concentration 1 h after galactose was administered (0.5 g/kg). It was quickly infused intravenously in 55 normal healthy volunteers, 73 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 36 with cirrhosis and 41 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with CH diagnosis were assessed by liver biopsy. Cirrhosis was diagnosed by histological examination or a chronic hepatitis history with esophageal varices or ascites, whereas HCC was diagnosed either histologically, or cytologically proved, or as implied in the 'one imagine study' being positive with AFP > 300 ng/dl. Highly significant galactose blood levels were observed between normal healthy volunteers and patients 50, 60 and 70 min after galactose was administered. Galactose elimination capacity (GEC), modified GEC (MGEC) and consecutive GSP tests were performed in 6 healthy volunteers for 2 days. 0.64-16.87% variation was observed for each subject. The significant differences (p < 0.001) in average GSP values were 247 +/- 18.1, 422 +/- 27.3, 629 +/- 42.8 and 579 +/- 43.6 micrograms/ml for normal healthy volunteers, CH, cirrhosis and HCC patients, respectively. Highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) were obtained among GSP, GEC and MGEC for all patients. Positive correlations were observed between GSP, GEC, MGEC and AST (serum aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (serum alanine aminotransferase), serum bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time and r-globulin. According to results obtained from 202 normal healthy volunteers and patients, the GSP method may be a simple, clinically useful quantitative measurement of liver function for the determination of a patient's residual liver function, the prognosis of liver function for patients with cirrhosis, postoperational follow-up and, finally, the timing of a liver transplant.
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PMID:Assessment of liver function using a novel galactose single point method. 133 11

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile was determined in 12 cirrhotics, 15 patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 20 healthy volunteers. When compared with controls plasma total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), high density lipoprotein phospholipids (HDLPL), HDLPL/PL levels were low, phospholipid (PL) was normal and HDLC/TC and PL/TC were high in cirrhosis. In cirrhotics with HCC, TC, PL, PL/TC levels were elevated while HDLC, HDPL, HDLC/TC and HDLPL/PL were normal. A comparison within the patient groups showed that in cirrhosis alone, the levels of TC, HDLC, PL, HDLPL and HDLPL/PL were lower and PL/TC level was higher than in cirrhotics with HCC. Plasma albumin levels showed a negative correlation with PL/TC and a positive correlation with HDL-cholesterol in cirrhosis. In cirrhosis with HCC plasma, phospholipid levels showed a significant negative correlation with total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase. The variations in the level of plasma lipids and lipoproteins may assist in describing the nature of these two forms of liver disease.
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PMID:Abnormal lipid and lipoprotein patterns in liver cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. 133 73

Rats subjected to partial hepatectomy (surgical removal of two thirds of the liver) showed no appreciable change in serum cholesterol, bilirubin, albumin, total protein and A/G values at 2, 5, 12 and 21 days after the intervention. The enzyme activities characteristic of liver damage (GOT, GPT, LDH, AP) were high in the control group and low in the insulin-imprinted group at 2 days, tended to normalize in both groups at 5 days and changed slightly at 12 days. The blood glucose level was markedly decreased in the control group and to a lesser degree also in the experimental group at 2 and 5 days of sampling. Insulin treatment (loading) performed at 2 and 5 days accounted for a drop of blood glucose which was followed by normalization within 2 h. Starving value and response to insulin loading uniformly fell into the physiological range at 21 days, whereas at 12 days no normalization occurred in either group within 2 h of insulin loading, although the starving value was physiological. The binding capacity of the insulin receptor was markedly low in the control group as long as 12 days, and tended to normalize by 21 days. In the insulin-imprinted group the binding capacity increased over the control at 2 and 5 days and normalized by 12 days.
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PMID:Impact of a single insulin treatment (imprinting) applied during liver regeneration on hepatic insulin receptor development, blood glucose level and liver function parameters in adult rats. 134 89

Twenty-six 3-week-old genetically obese pigs were fed in two experiments to determine the serum chemistry profile during severe protein malnutrition and repletion. Severe protein deficiency was produced in pigs fed the high-fat, low-protein diet (growth failure, rough hair, low serum total protein and albumin). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from the anterior vena cava of each pig five times during depletion and three times during repletion to determine serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, total bilirubin, urea N, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled weekly for 8 weeks for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, glucose, Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase. HDL-cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.01) and albumin was decreased (P less than 0.01) in protein-deficient pigs in both experiments. Creatinine, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated in protein-deficient pigs compared with controls after 7 weeks of depletion. Inorganic P (P less than 0.01), Ca (P less than 0.01), and Mg (P less than 0.05) concentrations were depressed in protein-depleted pigs compared with controls in both experiments. After 8 weeks of repletion in Experiment 1, all elements except inorganic P were similar in the two groups. Short-term, severe, protein malnutrition affected lipid, electrolyte, and structural mineral metabolism and indices of liver function in the absence of parasites, diarrhea, and infection. The effects were reversed after 8 weeks of repletion. We conclude that the elevated serum cholesterol in protein deficiency is related primarily to an increase in the HDL fraction.
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PMID:Response of blood serum constituents to production of and recovery from a kwashiorkor-like syndrome in the young pig. 135 73

A twenty-eight day repeated oral dose toxicity test of dihepthyl phthalate (DHP) was carried out in male and female F344 rats at the dose levels of 0, 0.2, 1 and 5 g/kg/day. All rats in each group, consisting of 5 males and 5 females, received a daily intragastric administration of DHP for 28 days. Additional two groups of animals exposed to dose levels of 0 and 5 g/kg were used for investigation of subsequent recovery for 2 weeks. No animals died during the administration period. Inhibition of body weight gain was observed in both sexes of the 5 g/kg group. Blood biochemistry revealed significant increases in albumin and A/G ratio in males of the groups treated with 0.2 g/kg or more, and in albumin and total protein in females treated with 1 g/kg or more. In the 5 g/kg group, BUN, GOT, GPT, ALP and Zn was increased in males, and GOT in females. The increases in GOT, GPT and ALP were also observed in males of the 1 g/kg group. Increases in liver and kidney weights were noted in both sexes treated with 1 g/kg or more and in males of the 5 g/kg group, respectively. Testicular weight was decreased in the 5 g/kg group. On histopathological examination, swelling and necrosis of hepatocytes were found in males of the 1 and 5 g/kg groups. Males of the 5 g/kg group showed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules accompanied with loss of spermatogenesis. In the recovery group, similar changes were detected in the testis, but some of the seminiferous tubules showed slight regenerative changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Twenty-eight day repeated dose toxicity test of dihepthyl phthalate in F344 rats]. 136 32

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the modifications in biochemical parameters before and after the initiation of nutritional therapy, and to observe whether there is a relationship between the patient's development (exitus or improvement) and the presence of sepsis. The study was performed on 578 adults treated in our hospital from January 1988 to October 1989. The parameters analyzed were the following: glucose, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, GPT, bilirubin, GGT, urea, urates, creatinine and electrolytes. The average initial values of each parameter were compared against those obtained after interrupting the PN by means of the Student t test. The results showed that within the parameters indicating the hepatic function, GGT and alkaline phosphatase were those that showed the most significant differences after ceasing the PN. Furthermore, the parameters indicating hepatic function and the electrolytes showed greater variations, regardless of the clinical evolution of the patient (improvement or exitus). The remainder of the parameters showed significant variations based on the clinical evolution.
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PMID:[Changes in the biochemical parameters during parenteral nutrition. The experience in Hospital de Bellvitge]. 142 Apr 86

The aim of this work was to detect, in patients with chronic hypertransaminasemia (CH), the factors associated with the changes of ALT serum levels after one year of 10 mg/Kg/die ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). One hundred and twenty two consecutive patients with ALT values more than twice the normal upper limit for at least six months were admitted to the study. At the liver biopsy 82 patients were affected by liver cirrhosis (LC), 7 by chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), and 14 by chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Nineteen patients were classified as unspecified chronic liver disease (UCLD) due to biopsy refusal. Five patients (4 LC and 1 UCLD) did not finish the study. Before and after the beginning of the treatment ALT and the other routine tests of liver function were determined in serum by routine laboratory methods. In all the diagnosis a decrease of ALT was observed after one year UDCA therapy. Particularly, in cirrhotic patients a reduction of 40% in the ALT serum levels was detected (baseline m +/- ds 98 +/- 55 UI, one year transaminase decrease -39 UI with 95% C.I. -27 UI to -52 UI). Furthermore in liver cirrhosis there was an increase of serum albumin (baseline m +/- ds 3.5 +/- 0.6, one year albumin increase +0.2 gr with 95% I.C. +0.1 gr to +0.3 gr). The decrease of ALT showed an inverse association (p < 0.05) with the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and with diagnosis of CAH, and a direct one with the basal values of ALT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Factors influencing the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in chronic hypertransaminasemia]. 143 11

The alterations of haematological parameters in albino rats were studied after oral administration of an aqueous extract of silken styles of corn (Zea maize Linn.) at 50, 100 and 150 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days. The following haematological values were significantly reduced on the 7th and 21st day following extract administration: haemoglobin (Hb), red blood corpuscles (RBC), clotting time (CT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haematocrit (Ht), serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), calcium, total protein, total albumin and total acid phosphatase; and white blood corpuscles (WBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), alkaline phosphatase and creatinine increased. The remaining parameters were not significantly affected, except body weight parameters at the two highest doses. The results emphasize that the biochemical changes caused through aqueous extract of silken styles of corn (Zea maize Linn.) are not significantly toxic at low and medium doses (50 and 100 mg kg-1).
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PMID:Haematological and hepatotoxic effects of silken styles of corn in albino rats. 144 82

Nineteen hematological and serum biochemical values were analyzed for 91 healthy cats of both sexes (aged 1 to 48 months) that were bred and reared in our laboratory. Age-related changes were found for many parameters. Red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), Mean corpuscular constants, GPT, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) initially were low but increased then stabilized. White blood cell counts (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), total bilirubin (TBil), total cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), and triglyceride (TG) initially were high, but decreased then stabilized. No age-related changes were found for GOT, blood urea nitrogen, or calcium. Of the parameters that changed with age, the mean corpuscular constants, GPT, GLU, and TG became stabilized during the first 3 to 4 months of life, but others (RBC, Hb, Ht, TP, ALB) became stabilized after 9 to 11 months, during which period body weight reached a plateau. Some parameters (WBC, ALP, TG, Pi) showed change up to 18 months of age. These results suggest that cats 9 to 11 months old can be regarded as adults; but for some parameters, cats aged 18 months, or older, are better regarded as adults. Sex-related differences in the values for mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and WBC that were found after 11 months of age were higher in females. ALB was higher in males.
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PMID:[Age-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in cats]. 150 20


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