Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We assayed type III procollagen peptide in the sera of 213 patients with various liver diseases and 23 normal controls by radioimmunoassay. The non-cancerous limit of the serum level of type III procollagen peptide was defined as the mean +/- 2 SD of the patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease; it was 50 ng/ml. The percentage of type III procollagen peptide in sera exceeding this limit was 22.2% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 17.4% in metastatic liver cancer. Only patients with liver cirrhosis accompanied by alcoholic hepatitis exceeded this limit. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with peptide concentrations above 50 ng/ml, the serum level of GOT, GPT, LDH, T. Bil., LAP, gamma-GTP and T. Chol. was significantly higher than in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose serum peptide level was below 20 ng/ml.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of type III procollagen peptide in sera of patients with liver cancer]. 608 78

The influence of several oral contraceptives (OCs) on various serum enzymes was tested during a short-term and a prolonged (24 therapeutic cycles) application period. A total of 8790 examinations were performed in 211 females, each patient being examined up to 8 times during the cycles 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and the 1st cycle following termination of OCs. Since sufficiently sensitive steroid-dependent markers are lacking, it cannot be dispensed with determining the serum enzymes gamma-GT, GPT, GOT, and LAP altogether, in order to detect early damage to the liver. (author's modified)
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PMID:[Measurement of serum activity in short and long-term application of various hormonal contraceptives]. 612 64

The acute toxicity of MT-141 was studied in adult Beagle dogs with intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration to obtain following results. MT-141 at the doses ranging from 2,500 to 7,500 mg/kg i.v. caused no effect on life, bodyweight, food intake, eyeground and ECG in male and female Beagle dogs. MT-141 produced an increase in water intake, urine volume, WBC and LAP and a decrease in Lymph., U-Na, U-K and OP, but any histopathological change was not caused in the organs and tissues. It is suggested that these changes in blood, serum and urine are due to mechanical and transient effects induced by infusing a large volume of hypertonic solution of MT-141 into cephalic vein. When 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg of MT-141 was injected into the muscles of hind legs, the hind legs had difficulty in walking. It is very probable that this change was due to mechanical effects induced by injecting a hypertonic solution of MT-141 at a rate of 70--130 ml/dog. An injection of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg i.m. of MT-141 changed activity of GPT, GOT and CPK in the serum within the limit of physiological variations but did not caused any effect on the other toxicological parameters such as bodyweight, food intake, water intake, urine volume, eyeground examination, ECG and histopathological examination. It is concluded from the above-mentioned results that MT-141 at the dose of 2,500--7,500 mg/kg i.v. or 1,000--2,000 mg/kg i.m. has no significant toxicity in Beagle dogs.
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PMID:[Toxicological studies on a new cephamycin, MT-141, IV. Its acute toxicity in beagle dogs]. 643 46

Twelve different enzyme activities, which are listed and explained in greater detail in Table 2, were determined statistically secured, and discussed, following a three-year study into arterial plasma of 118 female and 124 male minks, aged between six and seven months and kept under anaesthesia. Simply normally distributed or logarithmically distributed plasma enzyme activities were found to differ primarily by sex, with other experimental conditions being identical and regular. The enzyme activities of ICDH, active CPK, and total LDH (the latter only with females) were normally distributed, whereas all the other enzymes activities tested, except for gamma-GT and SDH, were of Gaussian distribution only after logarithmic transformation of the individual values. The plasma enzyme activities of GPT, LAP, ChE, LDH1, MDH, and AP differed from those of GOT, gamma-GT, SDH, total LDH and active CPK, in that they usually exhibited highly significant sex-related differences. All minks were tranquilised and kept under general anaesthesia, using neuroleptanalgesia, but all their enzyme activities were found to vary just as widely as those reported elsewhere in literature, in the context of minks without anaesthesia. The latter result was experimentally confirmed by means of a model experiment in which enzyme activities were recorded from nine male ferrets, prior to, during, and after neuroleptanalgesia.
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PMID:[Morphology and biochemistry of blood of various mustelids. 3. Enzymographic studies of arterial plasma of mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777)]. 701 Dec 44

The effects of PGE1.CD on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced acute liver damage with intravascular coagulation in rats were biochemically and histopathologically investigated. PGE1.CD was administered i.v. from 30 min before to 24 hr after DMN-intoxication (pretreatment) and from 30 min after or from 4 hr after to 24 hr after DMN-intoxication (post-treatment). Pretreatment with PGE1.CD (0.2-2 micrograms/kg/min) dose-dependently suppressed the decrease of platelet counts and the elevation of blood biochemical parameters (PT, HPT, GOT, GPT, LDH, LAP, T-Bil) caused by DMN-intoxication. PGE1.CD (0.5 microgram/kg/min and over) significantly suppressed the DMN-induced histopathological changes (occurrence of hemorrhage and necrosis). Post-treatment with PGE1.CD (2 micrograms/kg/min) also suppressed the liver damage. Furthermore, pretreatment with PGE1.CD (2 micrograms/kg/min) not only suppressed the disruption of hepatocytes, but also prevented the damages of sinusoidal endothelial cells and lysosomal membrane, and it reduced the increase of lipid peroxidation. PGE1.CD (1 microgram/kg/min and over) significantly suppressed the decrease of hepatic tissue blood flow caused by DMN-intoxication. These results demonstrate that PGE1.CD has therapeutically efficacy against DMN-induced acute liver damage in rats; Therefore, it will be clinically useful for the treatment of severe hepatitis such as fulminant hepatitis with intravascular coagulation in the sinusoid.
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PMID:[Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1.alpha-cyclodextrin (PGE1.CD) on dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver damage in rats]. 777 59

In previous studies we reported that the abnormality of the gamma-GTP level was found not only in hepatobiliary diseases but also in obesity and ingestion of alcohol in healthy individuals. In relation to this results, the present study deals with the relationship between abnormal gamma-GTP level in serum on the one hand and obesity and ingestion of alcohol on the other hand on the basis of test data for 1493 cases (1256 male cases, 237 female cases) who were examined in the short-term human dry dock managed by the Fukuoka University Hospital. To observe how results of various measurements including the degree of obesity and the amount of alcohol ingested exert effects on one another, principle component analysis was done by means of SAS statistic package for computer analysis. In men, as the first principle main components, obesity rate, Hb, Ht, RBC, GPT, gamma-GTP, LAP, GOT, triglyceride and total protein were extracted. As the second main principle components, alcohol, gamma-GTP, MCH, MCV, and HDL were extracted. Theses result demonstrate that the obesity is accompanied by variations in Hb, Ht, RBC and triglyceride and that digestion of alcohol is accompanied by variations in MCH, MCV and HDL in male. In women, components related to erythrocyte and transaminase along with the degree of obesity were extracted as the first main principle components, and principle components related to erythrocyte and alcohol were extracted as the second main components. In either case, alcohol and gamma-GTP were not included.
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PMID:[Studies on background of gamma-GTP abnormality in human multiphasic screening. (Part 2): Principle component analysis by SAS statistic package for computer analysis]. 790 15

Multiple regression analysis in 1493 cases (1256 male cases, 237 female cases) who were examined in the short-term human dry dock managed by the Fukuoka University Hospital, was done with gamma-GTP as the dependent variable and other parameters as the independent variables. As the result, 16 variables including LAP, alcohol, GPT, triglyceride, HDL and obesity rate were selected as the variables explaining gamma-GTP by stepwise methods in men. The standard regression coefficient of alcohol is shown to be greater than that of obesity on gamma-GTP. On the contrary, neither alcohol nor the obesity rate was included in this regression formula in women.
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PMID:[Studies on background of gamma-GTP abnormality in human multiphasic screening. (Part 3): Multiple regression analysis by SAS statistic package for computer analysis]. 790 16

We treated 82 patients of chronic hepatitis using 300 mg. of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) daily and observed them for a mean of 10 mo before and 16 mo after UDCA administration. Seven liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP, LAP, GTP, Ch-E and T-cholest) were assessed monthly. The values were compared before and after the administration of UDCA. The AST, ALT, LAP and GTP improved significantly in the UDCA treated patients, whereas ALP, Ch-E and T-cholest. did not show any change throughout the study. Amongst the liver function tests that improved, the serum--GTP level, in particular decreased markedly and rapidly in patients treated with UDCA. Although UDCA 600-mg daily was administered in patients who showed lack of improvement with 300-mg UDCA treatment, no significant improvement was obtained. Repeated liver biopsies were carried out in six of the 42 patients in whom liver biopsy had been performed before the administration of UDCA. We detected no histological changes during the UDCA treatment. There were no side effects related to therapy with UDCA. In conclusion, we confirmed that UDCA is a safe and effective drug for treating patients with chronic hepatitis and may help in prevention of progression of the disease, particularly in patients with a high serum--GTP level.
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PMID:Treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis using ursodeoxycholic acid. 829 Nov 25

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a rare chronic cholestatic disorder of unknown origin that can now be treated effectively with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The clinical course of PBC is very variable, but a significant proportion of patients eventually die or undergo liver transplantation. In this single-center prospective long-term study, we analyzed the effect of UDCA therapy (10 mg/kg b.w./day) on conventional liver function tests and we also investigated whether serial quantitative liver function tests are useful in the clinical management of patients with PBC. Fifteen patients, most of them in an early disease stage, were followed up for either 4 (n = 7) or 5 (n = 8) years. In addition to regular conventional liver function tests, every 12 months quantitative liver function tests were performed. Thus we measured galactose elimination capacity, indocyanine green half-life and lidocaine half-life. Quantitative liver function tests were also performed once in healthy volunteers. Treatment with UDCA significantly improved conventional liver function tests, and this effect was maintained for several years (values in U/l before therapy and 4 years after therapy: AP = 1,346 +/- 317 vs. 516 +/- 93; gammaGT 378 +/- 80 vs. 144 +/- 30; LAP 122 +/- 10 vs. 71 +/- 9; AST 61 +/- 19 vs. 34 +/- 12; ALT 90 +/- 19 vs. 68 +/- 35; GLDH 14.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 8.2 +/- 1.9). Quantitative liver function tests were not significantly different between healthy volunteers and patients (GEC 6.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.0 +/- 0.3 mg/kg x min; ICG half-life 4.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.3 min; lidocaine half-life 75 +/- 8 vs. 79 +/- 6 min). In the patients, results of quantitative liver function tests (GEC, ICG and lidocaine half-lives) were not affected by UDCA therapy and remained constant over time. In the 1 patient who was transplanted, serial quantitative liver function tests did not indicate deteriorating liver function earlier than the patient's progressive symptoms or conventional liver function tests. Thus UDCA therapy markedly improved conventional liver function tests in patients with PBC, and this effect was maintained for at least 4-5 years. Possibly due to the fact that most of the patients were in an early disease stage, serial quantitative liver function tests provided little additional information that was relevant for planning therapy in the individual patient.
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PMID:Serial quantitative liver function tests in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: a prospective long-term study. 932 69

The effect of human placental extract (HPE) on liver regeneration in rats was investigated. After intravenous administration of HPE to a-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-intoxicated rats, the labeling index in hepatocytes was significantly increased to a level 16.5 times higher than that of the control. A 1/500 dilution of HPE directly stimulated DNA synthesis of the hepatocytes in primary culture. HPE heated at 121 degrees C did not stimulate the labeling index in vivo or hepatocyte DNA synthesis in primary culture, suggesting that HPE contains heat-unstable but potent mitogens for hepatocytes. HPE contains hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but the mitogenic effect of HPE cannot be explained by the effect exerted by HGF alone, since both the labeling index in vivo and hepatocellular DNA synthesis in vitro stimulated by HPE were much higher than those stimulated by HGF alone when the applied doses of HGF were set to be almost the same level between each case. When HPE was fractionated on a heparin-sepharose column, the mitogenic effect of HPE was found to be located mainly in the heparin-bound fraction. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis induced by this fraction was enhanced cooperatively by the heparin-unbound fraction, suggesting that there are some modulators in the heparin-unbound fraction which enhance the proliferative activity of the heparin-bound fraction by a synergetic mechanism. Both HPE and heated HPE completely recovered the biochemical marker activity for liver function (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, GPT; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; lactate dehydrogenase, LAP; gamma-glutamyltransferase, gamma-GTP activities and the bilirubin concentration) almost to the control level in the serum of ANIT-intoxicated rats, indicating that HPE also contains a heat-stable fraction which repairs liver function.
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PMID:Human placental extract stimulates liver regeneration in rats. 947 67


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