Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antimicrobial activities Antimicrobial activities of CDZM against clinically isolated organisms were determined. MICs of CDZM against 1 strain each of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0.05 micrograms/ml to 0.10 micrograms/ml. Especially, MIC against all 6 strains of Haemophilus influenzae was less than or equal to 0.024 micrograms/ml. This MIC value was lower than those of other antibiotics such as cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefazolin, piperacillin. 2. Pharmacokinetics CDZM was given to 1 case at a dose of 20 mg/kg by a 60-minute intravenous drip infusion. The peak value of serum concentration of CDZM was 207.80 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. The half-life was 2.15 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 68.5% in the first 4 hours, 79.2% in 6 hours and 76.5% in 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion. 3. Clinical efficacy CDZM was given to a total of 27 patients, 13 with pneumonia, 1 with bronchitis, 2 with acute pharyngitis, 1 with purulent tonsillitis, 5 with urinary tract infection, 1 each with retrograde cholangitis, acute enteritis, pericementitis, phlegmon and inguinal lymphadenitis. Overall clinical efficacies were excellent in 5 cases, good in 17 and the efficacy rate was 81%. Bacteriological effects were investigated in 13 cases and the eradication rate was 85%. No adverse reactions were observed in any case. As abnormal laboratory findings, elevated GOT, GPT, A1-P, LAP and gamma-GTP, were noted in 1 out of the 28 cases examined.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefodizime in children]. 279 60

Acute (LD50) and short-term (14 days) toxicological examinations were performed in animal experiments on the interaction of a synthetic pyrethroid Decis 2,5 EC (25 g deltamethrin/l) and of ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate/Dithane M-45 (80% mancozeb), using a 1:5 deltamethrin/mancozeb mixture. LD50 value of the mixture was similar to that of the more toxic Decis. In the short-term examination, some pathologically high AST and ALT values were observed in the treated groups and the deltamethrin content of fatty tissue samples increased parallel with the increase of Decis consumption. The chymotrypsin and lipase activities in the small intestinal mucosa and gamma-GT and LAP activities in the content of the bowels were reduced in several treated groups. The administration of Dithane in a dose in accordance with 20% of the LD50 value (3125 mg/kg b.m.) proved to be more toxic than expected and caused the death of the animals.
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PMID:Examination of the interaction of decis and dithane in rats. 290 11

The activities of enzymes of diagnostic interest were investigated in the liver, heart, kidney and muscle of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the rat. Methods of tissue extraction which gave maximal enzyme activity were used and comparison between the species showed some major differences. AST, LDH and GDH showed a similar distribution in both species but ICDH activity was much higher in the rat heart than in any other rat or marmoset organ. ALP, LAP and GGT were present in much higher activities in the rat kidney than in the marmoset kidney, a finding which was reversed in the liver of these animals. The major ALT-containing organ in the rat was the liver but, in the marmoset, this enzyme was found in relatively large quantities in the heart and muscle also. These differences can be of importance when plasma enzyme activities are measured following tissue damage.
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PMID:Tissue activities of enzymes of diagnostic interest in the marmoset and rat. 290 66

The marmoset, a small non-human primate, has rarely been used in toxicological studies. A short-term toxicity study was performed on common marmosets (BW = 330 +/- 32 g). Fifteen male marmosets received oral administration of DAB at a dose level of 56 mg/kg/day and 4 control animals received corn oil alone for a period of 15 days. Hematological, biochemical, histopathological and bone marrow examinations were carried out on the 5th, 10th and 15th day of treatment. Body weight decreased continuously and two animals died on day 10. Decreases in RBC, Hb and Ht and increases in MCV and WBC were observed. Uric acid and glucose were increased and AlP and LAP were decreased. Aldolase, GOT and GPT were increased by day 10, and thereafter recovery of aldolase to the control level and decreases of GOT and GPT were observed. Relative organ weights of the liver, kidney, spleen and adrenal were increased. Histologically, C-cell hyperplasia of the thyroid and slight changes of the liver were noted. Marrow total cell counts were not changed, but the G/E ratio was reduced. Thus, macrocytic anemia, an increase of marrow erythroblasts due to anemia and changes of biochemical parameters indicating liver injury were observed in marmosets; these findings were similar to those in rats in the previous experiments.
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PMID:Short-term toxicity study of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in marmosets. 310 51

During a 3-month experiment is studied the effect of enriched with iron, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D2 food ration on the changes in the organospecific enzymes in everyday introduction in the organism of experimental animals of cadmium sulfate in dose 1/40 LD50 (7 mg/kg-1). The serum activity of GOT and GPT is traced in dynamics at the end of the first, second and third month, as well as the activity of gamma-GT, LAP and APh in homogenates of liver and kidneys. The changes established in most of the experimental groups and the dates of observation show an increase in the serum and tissue activity of the examined enzymes (GOT, GPT, LAP). The tissue activity of gamma-GT and the quantity of free sulfhydryl groups are decreased in some of the dates of observation (I and III month). Both the isolated effect of cadmium and enriched food ration and their combined effect are discussed.
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PMID:[Changes in organ-specific enzymes under the influence of an enriched food ration in experimental cadmium poisoning]. 324 92

White, male Wistar rats were exposed continuously in chamber during 3 months on volatile organic compounds emitted from set of building and finishing materials used in living areas on ship. The air contamination was checked. The following tests for determination of combined toxic effects were performed: functional activity, the body and organ weights, basic hematological determinations, serum enzyme activity (GOT, GPT, AP, LAP, LDH), serum concentrations of protein, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and in the liver mitochondria Mg+2(-)-ATPase, concentration of cholesterol, phospholipids, and liver function after loading with benzoate. After 3 months of the exposure we observed changes in AP and LDH activities, and decrease of the concentration of serum triglycerides.
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PMID:Investigations into the effect on rats of volatile organic compounds released from the set of building and finishing materials. 327 May 85

We report one case of subacute thyroiditis associated with acute hepatitis, which is histopathologically diagnosed. A 43-year-old woman visited our hospital with chief complaints of fever, sore throat and anterior neck pain. Thyroid gland was found to be swollen and tender. Laboratory findings gave high ESR and positive test for CRP. High values of T3, T4 and RT3U indicated that the patient had hyperthyroidism. However no autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and microsome were found. High activities of serum AIP, LAP and gamma-GTP were observed. Serum GOT and GPT activities increased moderately. AIP type 2 was dominant in zymograms. Histopathological findings of liver specimen obtained by needle biopsy showed ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes with a slight focal necrosis and hyaline bodies. In addition bile plugs were observed in some biliary tubules. These findings were consistent with those of acute hepatitis. After three months all laboratory data were found to be within normal ranges and no recurrence has been observed. Subacute hepatitis associated with liver dysfunction is considered to be relatively frequent. However very few reports have been published on the case in which histopathological evidence for acute hepatitis was presented.
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PMID:[A case of subacute thyroiditis associated with acute hepatitis]. 328 15

Six calves were used to formulate a model of liver injury, following up the activity of the serum enzymes LAP, ALD, AP, GPT, GOT, OKT, and guanase. Studied were also the contents of blood sugar, calcium, phosphorus as well as some indices of the lipid metabolism. It was found that even with the least severe injuries of the liver there was a considerable rise of the OKT, guanase, GOT, GPT, and LAP activity. It is believed that the enzyme changes alone could serve as a specific index to detect the earliest injury of the liver.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of serum enzymes and other paraclinical indices in experimental liver damage in calves]. 361 78

A model was developed of the experimental injury of kidney parenchyma with the use of potassium bichromate with six calves. Studied was the activity of ChE, LAP, ALD, APh, GOT, GPT, OKT, and guanase as well as the level of blood sugar, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus. It was found that ALD, ChE, and LAP formed a good enzyme constellation to follow up the functional status of the kidney parenchyma. The results obtained needed further clinical processing.
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PMID:[Paraclinical indices in experimental damage to the renal parenchyma]. 367 10

The metabolic fate of cefoperazone (CPZ) was studied in 19 cases which underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangial catheterization (PTC-catheterization, PTCC) and were under various conditions of the liver function. The peak of bile levels of CPZ immediately after PTCC differed greatly from one case to another at 12.6-7,260 micrograms/ml with 1 g intravenous injection and 23.0-5,800 micrograms/ml with 2 g intravenous injection. The ratio of the peak of bile level to the serum level immediately after PTCC showed the highest negative correlation with the serum total bilirubin level. It also showed a significant negative correlation with GOT, GPT, Al-P and LAP. The serum CPZ level and half-life showed no significant trend except half-life showed a significant correlation with LAP. The recovery rate in urine up to 12 hours was in the range of 14.8-93.6%, showing a significant correlation with the ratio of the peak of bile levels to the serum level and the date of liver function tests. The bile level, serum level and recovery rate in urine at the time the bile outflow from the catheter has become constant after PTCC (during the course of PTCC) showed a trend almost similar to that immediately after PTCC, there being no significant difference as to each parameter during the course of PTCC and immediately after PTCC. In the cases in which the sample was collected by the cross-over technique, the ratio of the peak of bile levels to the serum level from immediately after PTCC to during the course of PTCC increased in 2 cases and decreased in 6 cases. The 2 cases that showed the increase in the ratio were the case in which the serum total bilirubin level improved almost to normal. Findings above suggest that sufficient biliary decompression can improve the movement of CPZ into bile, despite the fact that the pharmacokinetics of CPZ is affected by the liver function, particularly serum total bilirubin level, that a decrease in the movement to bile and a compensatory increase in urinary excretion are observed in jaundice and disturbance of the liver function and that the ratio of the peak of bile level to the serum level decreases during the course of PTCC rather than immediately after PTCC in some cases.
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PMID:[A pharmacokinetic study of cefoperazone during percutaneous transhepatic cholangial catheterization]. 407 98


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