Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rats exposed for 12 weeks to the mixture of nitric oxides (0.34--2.81 mg/m3) and chlorine (0.61--1.50 mg/m3) the following changes were found: increased methemoglobin concentration (MetHb), increased partial pressure, increased total carbon dioxide concentration (pCO2 TCO2), increased current dicarbonate concentration (AB), and increased buffer bases (BB). In addition, asparagine transferase activity (aspAT), alanine aminotransferase (A1AT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and hepatic isoenzyme of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH5) in serum were found to be increased. Histopathological examination revealed: inflammatory lesions and edema of pulmonary parenchyma, alveolar emphysema and edema of connective tissue of palpetra derm with mastocytes. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of nitric oxides and chlorine induces, apart from local lesions in conjunctivae, pulmonary lesions leading to respiratory acidosis compensated by metabolic alkalosis, or liberation of indicatory enzymes through impaired cells.
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PMID:[Chemical hazards connected with electrochemical machining. I. Toxicity of nitric oxides and chlorine lesions in rats' parenchymatous organs]. 50 41

This study was aimed to examine whether disulfiram (DS) may exacerbate the pre-existing liver damage induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) in rats. DS, 600 mg/kg, administered by gavage for 3 days caused an increase in asparagine aminotransferase (AspAT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and a decrease in cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the serum and decrease in AspAT and ChE activity in the liver. DS given to rats with GAlN-induced liver injury caused significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) and bilirubin level in serum in comparison with rats with GalN-damaged liver but without DS treatment. In summary, DS exacerbates a damage of the liver of rats. This study supported the clinical observations showing enhanced liver damage in alcoholics treated with DS.
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PMID:Effect of disulfiram on function of the liver of rats with galactosamine-induced hepatitis. 309 1

The aim of this study was tracing of changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione transferase (GSH S-Tr), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) in the brain as a result of diet enrichment with antioxidants: selenium (Se), vitamin E and vitamin B15 (pangamic acid). The experiment was carried out on Wistar rats with initial body weight 150 g. Following prolonged enrichment of diet with Se (0.1 ppm of sodium selenite), vitamin E (6 mg/100 g of diet) and vitamin B15 (2.5 mg/100 g of diet) the following results were obtained. The activity of GSHPx in brain microsomes was not changed after one year of vitamin E administration when it was measured against hydrogen hydroxide and against cumene hydrochloride; vitamin E administration increased the activity of GSH S-Tr in the cytoplasmic fraction of brain cells. Diet enrichment with selenium increased after 12 and 18 months the activity of GSHPx measured against both substrates, and GSH S-Tr activity increased considerably. Presence of vitamin B15 in diet reduced GSHPx activity after one-year or longer administration, after 18 months the activity of GSH S-Tr was reduced also. No changes were noted in the activity of AspAT and A1AT.
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PMID:The effect of long-term enrichment of diet with selenium, vitamin E and B15 on the activity of certain enzymes in rat brain. 345 69

The segregation of human cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) and the individual human chromosomes has been studied in 27 secondary and tertiary rat hepatoma-human (liver) fibroblast hybrids. The staining solution used to visualize AAT activity on starch gels was specific for AAT since it was visualized only when all components of the stain were present. The locus for human AAT1 has been assigned to chromosome 8.
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PMID:Assignment of the gene for cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) to human chromosome 8. 711 90

It has been shown in experiments on rats that aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) playing an important role in amino acid metabolism by the liver are easily adaptable to nutrition conditions. The activity of the enzymes increase in the liver of rats kept on diet containing 24% of casein and on complete fasting but decreases in the course of administering isocaloric protein-free diet. Replacement of protein-free diet by protein diet after 10 days leads to a drastic increase in the AsAT and A1AT activity.
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PMID:[Effect of protein and protein-free nutrition on the adaptability of transamination reactions in the liver]. 724 89

The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and the content of soluble proteins were determined in mice irradiated with single dose of 100 R or injected with turpentine and in mice subjected to both these stress factors. The aim of this study was determination of changes in the activity of both these enzymes in the liver, kidney and spleen within 48 hours). It was found that the action of both these stress factors caused significant changes in the activity of AspAT and A1AT in the first phase of the response of the organism to stress and caused statistically significant changes of this activity on the second day of the experiment.
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PMID:Changes in the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase caused by aseptic inflammatory reaction and ionizing radiation in the liver, kidney and spleen of mice. 724 98

A correlation between the detection of proteins and an activity of the pathological process was analyzed in a study of the content of the C virus hepatitis (CVH) proteins in hepatic cells of patients with chronic C hepatitis (CCH). The expression of CVH proteins in frozen sections of biopsy samples of 69 CCH patients was evaluated by using the immune-histological method involving original monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to 5 CVH proteins. The results of the detection of proteins in patients were compared with an activity and stage of CCH (by using histological tests and a level of alanine aminotransferase--AAT). A set of the CVH proteins were found in the liver of 74% of patients, i.e. core proteins, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5A--in 28, 43, 43, 55 and 58%, respectively. All studied proteins were detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Proteins were found in the liver more often as compared with the detection rate of CVH RNA in the blood serum (61%). This demonstrates a high sensitivity of the discussed test at detecting the CVH infection. The accumulation of the core protein was shown to correlate with the presence of the replicative form of CVH RNA in the liver and with a higher level of AAT. The quantity of NS5 A-expressing cells correlated directly with a CCH stage. The quantity of NSB- and NS3-positive hepatocytes correlated negatively with an activity of the inflammatory-and-necrotic processes in the liver. Hyper-fermentation was found more often among the antigen-positive patients. The CCH histological activity was proven to be reliably higher at a simultaneous detection of CCH proteins in the liver and of CVH RNA--in the serum.
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PMID:[Analysis of hepatitis C virus proteins in hepatic cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C]. 1260 53

Muscle glycogenolytic flux and lactate accumulation during exercise are lower after 3-7 days of "short-term" aerobic training (STT) in men (e.g., Green HJ, Helyar R, Ball-Burnett M, Kowalchuk N, Symon S, and Farrance B. J Appl Physiol 72: 484-491, 1992). We hypothesized that 5 days of STT would attenuate pyruvate production and the increase in muscle tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAI) during exercise, because of reduced flux through the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (AAT; pyruvate + glutamate <--> 2-oxoglutarate + alanine). Eight women [22 +/- 1 yr, peak oxygen uptake (Vo2 peak) = 40.3 +/- 4.6 ml. kg-1. min-1] performed seven 45-min bouts of cycle exercise at 70% Vo2 peak over 9 days (1 bout/day; rest only on days 2 and 8). During the first and last bouts, biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained at rest and after 5 and 45 min of exercise. Muscle glycogen concentration was approximately 50% higher at rest after STT (493 +/- 38 vs. 330 +/- 20 mmol/kg dry wt; P <or= 0.05), and net glycogenolysis and lactate accumulation were reduced after 5 min of exercise by 59 and 49%, respectively (P <or= 0.05). The net increase in four measured TCAI was approximately 40% lower (P <or= 0.05) during exercise after training (1.68 +/- 0.60 vs. 2.71 +/- 0.44 mmol/kg dry wt), and the net decrease in glutamate concentration was attenuated (P <or= 0.05). We conclude that 1). the contraction-induced increase in flux through AAT is reduced after 5 days of aerobic training and 2). the muscle glycogenolytic response during exercise after STT in women is similar to that in men.
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PMID:Short-term training attenuates muscle TCA cycle expansion during exercise in women. 1276 82

Cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (c-AAT) was purified up to 203- and 120-fold, from the liver of two freshwater teleosts Clarias batrachus (air-breathing, carnivorous) and Labeo rohita (water-breathing, herbivorous), respectively. The enzyme from both fish showed similar elution profiles on a DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange column. SDS-PAGE of purified enzymes revealed two subunits of 54 and 56 kDa, in both fish. The apparent Km values for l-alanine were 18.5+/-0.48 and 23.55+/-0.60 mM, whereas for 2-oxoglutarate the Km values were observed to be 0.29+/-0.023 and 0.33+/-0.028 mM for the enzyme from C. batrachus and L. rohita, respectively. With l-alanine as substrate, aminooxyacetic acid was found to act as a competitive inhibitor with KI values of 6.4 x 10(-4) and 3.4 x 10(-4) mM with c-AAT of C. batrachus and L. rohita, respectively. However, when 2-oxoglutarate was used as substrate, aminooxyacetic acid showed uncompetitive inhibition with similar KI values for purified c-AAT from both fish. Temperature and pH profiles of the enzyme did not show any marked differences between the two fish examined. These results suggest that liver c-AAT, isolated from these two fish species adapted to different modes of life, remain unaltered structurally. However, at the kinetic level, liver c-AAT from C. batrachus exhibits significantly higher affinity for the substrate l-alanine and decreased affinity for its metabolic inhibitor, in comparison to that of the enzyme purified from L. rohita. Such functional changes seem to be of physiological significance and also provide preliminary evidence for subtle changes in the enzyme as a mark of metabolic adaptation in the fish to different physiological demands.
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PMID:Purification and properties of cytosolic alanine aminotransferase from the liver of two freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus and Labeo rohita. 1499 Feb 16

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate hematological manifestations occurring in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection. Positive HCV-RNA cases (109) were subjected to the following C.B.C., P.T., P.T.T., B.T., C.T., detection of F.D.Ps., measurement of plasma AAT then B.M. aspiration and examination for 20 cases of them. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the histopathological staging and grading of liver biopsy. Comparison between groups according to histopathological grading and staging for hematological and chemical parameters revealed significant statistical difference in platelets count, S. Albumin, ALT and AST levels. Comparison between groups according to histopathological grading and staging for coagulation profile, AAT level and FDPs revealed significant statistical difference regarding all parameters. Bone marrow aspiration and examination revealed mild hypocellularity with increased number of lymphocytes and relevance of plasmacytoid-lymphocytes. From this study we can conclude that patients with chronic HCV infection are in need for good observation and follow up before taking therapy because they have some hematological abnormalities which need more concern in order to decrease their progressive effect before starting therapy for HCV per se. They should be always screened and given liver and marrow supportive supplements.
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PMID:Haematologial manifestations in HCV infected patients at Sharkia Governerate, Egypt. 1512 50


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