Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cats infected with metacercariae of the fluke Metorchis conjunctus were followed clinically through their infection. Cats given 200 metacercariae showed few symptoms. All the cats passed ova on the 17th day. Three hundred metacercariae caused diarrhea, icterus, discolored urine, green feces and eosinophilia after 18 to 21 days. Eosinophilia, leucine aminopeptidase and alanine aminotransferase were elevated and remain the best indicators for metorchiasis. The hematological and serological abnormalities resolved rapidly and were absent from cats with chronic infection. Acute lesions (less than 32 days) were confined to the biliary trees with extensive epithelial exfoliation, fibrosis, and pus from necrosis, tissue feeding by the worms and pressure atrophy. Chronic infections (32 to 150 days) caused hyperplasia of the bile epithelium, proliferation of connective tissues, and fibrosis of the perilobular areas. Intense eosinophilic infiltrates were replaced by mononuclear cells. Granuloma formation around an ovum was seen in one cat 719 days after infection. Adult worms established preferentially in the left lateral lobe and never in the caudal lobe. No gall bladder involvement was found even in heavy infections.
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PMID:Clinical changes caused by the liver fluke Metorchis conjunctus in cats. 729 95

Single dose toxicity studies of T-3761 were carried out in mice, rats and dogs, and the following results were obtained. 1. The approximate lethal dose of T-3761 were more than 5,000 mg/kg for mice and rats, more than 2,000 mg/kg for dogs with oral administration, and more than 5,000 mg/kg for mice and rats with subcutaneous injection. LD50 values with intravenous injection were 783 mg/kg for male mice, 832 mg/kg for female mice, 341 mg/kg for male rats, and 403 mg/kg for female rats. Two dogs given 200 mg/kg did not die but one of the two treated with 400 mg/kg died after intravenous injection. The approximate lethal dose for dog was 400 mg/kg. 2. Neither abnormal symptoms and macroscopic findings nor deaths were observed in mice and rats treated orally. Granuloma around precipitates of T-3761 at the injection site was seen in mice and rats injected subcutaneously. Slight increase of white blood cell count, serum GOT, CPK and urea nitrogen were transiently found in dogs treated orally. Neither abnormal macroscopic findings nor deaths were observed in dogs treated orally. 3. Decreased motor activity and irregular breathing were observed in mice and rats injected intravenously. In dying animals, tonic or clonic convulsions were observed. Vomiting, hyperemia of ophthalmic mucosa, edema of face, decrease of motor activity, salivation and decrease in body temperature were observed in dogs injected intravenously. At higher doses, scream and tachypnea were observed while injecting. Hematological examinations disclosed that increases in red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin were found transiently. In biochemical examinations, increases in serum GOT, GPT, urea nitrogen and creatinine were found transiently. One dog intravenously injected 400 mg/kg, showed tonic convulsion and died.
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PMID:[Single administration toxicity studies of T-3761 in mice, rats and dogs]. 766 80

Granuloma formation has been shown to be induced and elicited by schistosome egg antigens, and it finally develops into fibrosis in intestine and the liver. Hepatic fibrosis is the main cause of increased morbidity and mortality in humans infected with schistosomes. Boswellic acid (BA)-containing extracts such as extracts of the oleogum resin from Boswellia serrata (BSE) have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. However, little is known about the role of such extracts in schistosome egg-induced granulomatous inflammation. In order to investigate the effect of a watersoluble cyclodextrin complex preparation of BSE (BSE-CD) on Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) egg-induced liver granuloma, mice infected with S. japonicum cercariae were injected with BSE-CD during egg granuloma formation. The data showed that BSE-CD significantly reduced the size of liver granuloma and levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); however, BSE-CD treatment had no effect on worm load and egg burden. The data also showed that BSE-CD significantly decreased the expression of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), as well as the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in liver both on the mRNA and protein level. Thus, BSE-CD can significantly attenuate S. japonicum egg-induced hepatic granuloma, which may be partly dependent on the downregulation of some biochemical mediators.
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PMID:A boswellic acid-containing extract attenuates hepatic granuloma in C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. 2327 65

Turbinaria ornata, a commonly found marine brown algae along the Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential and the bioactive compound present in it was characterized. Cotton pellet induced granuloma model in rats was used to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract of Turbinaria ornata (ATO) (30, 100 and 300mg/kg, p.o) which was compared with dexamethasone (0.1mg/kg, p.o) a standard anti-inflammatory agent. Granuloma weight, haematological parameters and plasma markers (LDH, GPT, and CRP) were estimated. Further, the levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, GPx, GSH, LPO, and Nitrite) and inflammatory markers (Cathepsin D and MPO) in the hepatic tissue were measured. ATO decreased the granuloma weight dose dependently. ATO significantly reversed the levels of biochemical and inflammatory markers in comparison to the vehicle treated rats. The active constituent, fucoidan (sulphated polysaccharide) from the aqueous extract was fractionated and characterized using GCMS. The sulphated polysaccharide (TSP) from ATO confirms the presence of sulphates and sugars. The present findings suggest ATO to be a potent inhibitor of both proliferative and exudative phases of inflammation possibly mediated by the sulphated polysaccharides which might inhibit the action of COX-2 enzyme analogous to dexamethasone.
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PMID:Attenuation of inflammation by marine algae Turbinaria ornata in cotton pellet induced granuloma mediated by fucoidan like sulphated polysaccharide. 2747 79