Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied immune function in Belgian haemophiliacs treated with Factor VIII from volunteer donors. No patient had clinical evidence of immune deficiency. We found a decrease in T-helper cells (p less than 0.0005), in the ratio of T-helper over T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells (1.72 +/- 0.47 versus 2.24 +/- 0.82 in controls, p less than 0.005) and in lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens (p less than 0.05). These findings could not be linked to the amount of F VIII received over the last year, the time since last F VIII administration, circulating immune complexes (54% positive patients, 7% positive controls, p less than 0.005), increased ALT levels, antibodies to cytomegalo -virus (85% of the patients, 45% of the controls, p less than 0.005), antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, nor to the presence of HLA-DR 5 which was found in 56% of the haemophiliacs (20% of the overall Belgian population, p less than 0.005). Either F VIII induces long lasting immunological alterations unrelated to AIDS, or haemophilia is itself associated with such changes.
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PMID:Immunological alterations in haemophiliacs treated with lyophilized Factor VIII cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors. 642 83

Abrupt increases of alanine transaminase were observed in 6 of 23 non-treated, male homosexuals with chronic hepatitis associated with hepatitis B virus. Before this occurrence, all subjects had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and elevated DNA polymerase activity. Within 3 months, HBeAg was nondetectable in 3 subjects and elevated DNA polymerase disappeared in 4. These serologic events were not always sustained, however. In 3 subjects, reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection occurred within the subsequent 6-month period. Serologic testing for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, delta agent, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtype showed that episodes of clearance and reactivation were not explainable by secondary infection with these agents or infection with a different HBsAg subtype. Spontaneous clearance and reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection may commonly occur among male homosexuals with chronic type B hepatitis. These phenomena should be considered when evaluating the need for treatment or interpreting the results of investigations that use anti-viral therapy.
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PMID:Spontaneous clearance and reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection among male homosexuals with chronic type B hepatitis. 669 58

Radioimmunoassays for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), and anti-HAV of IgM class were used to verify hepatitis A and hepatitis B infection in 33 drug addicts with multiple attacks of hepatitis. Hepatitis A was confirmed serologically in 23 (32%) of 71 total hepatitis episodes, while hepatitis B was confirmed in 30 episodes (42%). The remaining 18 hepatitis episodes (25%) were, by serological exclusion, also of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infection, classified as hepatitis non-A, non-B. However, while as many as 13 (39%) of the 33 primary attacks of hepatitis were of the type non-A, non-B, this type was never observed as a third attack. In no case were two attacks of hepatitis A or hepatitis B demonstrated in the same individual, but two different episodes of hepatitis non-A, non-B were observed in one patient. The maximal serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were significantly lower in patients with hepatitis non-A, non-B as compared with those with hepatitis B. Development of chronic liver disease occurred in only two (7%) of the 28 addicts who continued to be followed up.
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PMID:Multiple hepatitis attacks in drug addicts. 676 7

To assess the relationship of liver dysfunction and hepatitis markers in hemophilic patients treated with factor VIII or IX concentrates, we studied 103 patients with hemophilia A and B for 6-36 mo. Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase was noted in 79% of the patients, with 51% of the patients showing persistent elevation for longer than 6 mo. Thirteen patients (12%) were HBsAg-positive, with 8 patients showing persistence of HBsAg and abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase for more than 6 mo. Overall, anti-HBs was detected in 77% of patients. Twelve episodes of acute hepatitis were documented in 10 patients during 36 mo. Six episodes were due to hepatitis B virus. The remaining 6 episodes were due to non-A, non-B hepatitis with negative HBsAg and absence of seroconversion to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. In the six episodes of non-A, non-B hepatitis, the incubation period was less than 10 days in 3 patients and 30 days in 2 patients. In all cases with non-A, non-B hepatitis, the illness was symptomatic, but mild. Serum alanine aminotransferase returned to normal within 4 mo in 2 patients, but in 3 patients serum alanine aminotransferase persisted longer than 6 mo. One patient developed an acute B hepatitis 40 wk after non-A, non-B hepatitis. Thus, infection with the hepatitis B virus still remains prevalent as a cause of acute hepatitis in hemophiliacs receiving commercial factor concentrates, and accounts for chronic liver dysfunction in patients with persistent HBs antigenemia. In addition, acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, appears to be relatively common in hemophiliacs, and non-A, non-B virus may account for many cases of persistent liver dysfunction in these patients.
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PMID:Prevalence of type B and non-A, non-B hepatitis in hemophilia: relationship to chronic liver disease. 677 32

One hundred and thirty six patients receiving haemodialysis in a HB antigen-free unit were prospectively studied over a period of 29 months for evidence of hepatitis. Twelve/one hundred and eleven patients who were dialysed in this unit for at least one month developed elevation of ALT which proved to be related to neither toxic hepatitis nor hepatitis due to any of the following viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Therefore these cases were considered to be non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis. In 5 patients the liver disease was of short duration, whereas in 7 others hepatitis had a chronic course with ALT remaining elevated for more than 6 months. During the same period, one/sixty staff members who were working for at least one month in this unit also developed presumed non-A non-B hepatitis. Serological markers of NANB infection tested by double immunodiffusion were present in 10/12 patients and in the one staff member.
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PMID:A non-A non-B hepatitis epidemic in a HB antigen-free haemodialysis unit. Demonstration of serological markers of non-A non-B virus. 678 82

Canada has not introduced the non-A, non-B (NANB) surrogate marker tests (antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and alanine aminotransferase) to screen donated blood. We evaluated the effect of NANB surrogate markers in reducing post-transfusion hepatitis in a prospective randomised intervention study. From 1988 to 1992, 4588 subjects were enrolled into two study groups that received allogeneic blood from which units positive for NANB surrogate markers were either withheld (n = 2311) or not withheld (n = 2277). We also assessed a simultaneous non-randomised cohort (n = 650) of subjects who received only syngeneic blood. All subjects were followed up for 6 months and assessed for the presence of post-transfusion hepatitis due to hepatitis A, B, C, non ABC, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Withholding of blood containing NANB surrogate positive units reduced the overall post-transfusion hepatitis rate by 40% (p = 0.065) and the hepatitis C rate by 70% (p = 0.05). Most of the benefit of NANB surrogate testing was due to reduced frequency of hepatitis C virus after transfusion before all donor blood was screened for anti-HCV. During this time the overall post-transfusion hepatitis rate per 1000 transfusion recipients was 20.2 in the no-withhold group compared with 5.0 in the withhold group (p = 0.05), and the HCV hepatitis rate was 12.6 and 0 respectively (p = 0.06). After the introduction of HCV screening, the overall post-transfusion hepatitis rates were 8.6 and 6.8 per 1000 (p = 0.55) respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Post-transfusion hepatitis: impact of non-A, non-B hepatitis surrogate tests. Canadian Post-Transfusion Hepatitis Prevention Study Group. 763 69

Acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. It has been reported that soluble T cell antigens are released from cells in response to T cell activation. In the present study, we investigated whether soluble antigen levels of CD2, CD4 and CD8 in serum increase during acute IM. Soluble CD2, CD4 and CD8 levels in serum were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. In addition, peripheral blood T cell subsets were analyzed by single and two color flow-cytometric analyses in IM. Patients with IM had increased levels of soluble CD2, CD4 and CD8 in serum samples obtained during acute stages. We found a positive correlation between serum levels of soluble CD8 and absolute counts of HLA-DR+CD8+T cells during acute IM. In addition, the correlation between soluble CD8 levels and serum GOT or GPT levels was shown to be positive during acute IM. Our findings suggest that the soluble antigen levels of CD2, CD4 and CD8, in particular CD8, in serum are an important immunologic parameter for determining the activation of T cells during acute IM.
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PMID:[Serum soluble CD2, CD4 and CD8 levels in infectious mononucleosis]. 790 99

A 53 year old female nurse presenting with malaise, jaundice and pruritus is reported. Physical examination only disclosed jaundice and laboratory values showed an ALT of 445 U/l, ASAT of 179 U/l, alkaline phosphatases of 455 U/l and a total bilirubin of 7.7 mg/dl. Serological markers for hepatitis virus E were positive and negative for hepatitis virus A, B and C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. The patient recovered fully in 10 weeks and is asymptomatic after 5 years of follow up. Health care workers probably have a higher risk for hepatitis E than the general population and this is the first acute sporadic case described in Chile.
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PMID:[Acute sporadic hepatitis caused by the E virus in Chile. Clinical case]. 806 47

A 27-yr-old Jamaican male presented with a 2-month history of jaundice, pruritus, intermittent diarrhea, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Over the next month, his abdominal pain and diarrhea improved, but his jaundice and pruritus worsened. He was afebrile and profoundly jaundice, with a benign abdominal examination. Medical workup included a normal abdominal ultrasound, iron studies, ceruloplasm, and serum electrophoresis. Negative viral (Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, mononucleosis, hepatitis A, B, C) studies, ANA, AMA, ASMA, RPR were noted. He denied any alcohol, drug, or toxin exposure. Liver tests revealed total bilirubin of 25.6 mg/dl, direct bilirubin of 13.9 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 278 IU/L, AST 45 IU/L, and ALT 71 IU/L. Liver biopsy demonstrated centrilobular zonal necrosis and cholestasis most consistent with a toxic reaction. The patient was again interviewed regarding potential toxins, and he admitted to the ingestion of ackee fruit, a native Jamaican fruit that is illegal in the United States. Shortly after he had ceased intake of the fruit, his symptoms resolved and his liver function tests returned to normal. We present a case of chronic ackee fruit ingestion that led to cholestatic jaundice, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
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PMID:Cholestatic jaundice due to ackee fruit poisoning. 807 44

A national screening programme for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors in Taiwan began in July 1992 using a second-generation immunoassay. To study the impact of this screening on post-transfusion hepatitis in Taiwan, a prospective study on post-transfusion hepatitis, that was started in 1987, was continued. As of June 1994, 245 patients who received a blood transfusion after July 1992 had completed a follow-up period for more than 6 months post-transfusion. Of them, seven (2.8%) recipients developed acute post-transfusion hepatitis. The hepatitis in six cases could not be attributed to infection by hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses or cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The remaining patient seroconverted to both IgG and IgM anti-CMV. All seven patients recovered in 6 months without development of chronicity, and the mean peak alanine aminotransferase level was lower compared with that of the cases before anti-HCV screening (i.e. pre-July 1992). These results indicate that the current anti-HCV screening has effectively interrupted HCV transmission through blood transfusion in Taiwan.
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PMID:Effect of hepatitis C antibody screening in blood donors on post-transfusion hepatitis in Taiwan. 852 13


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