Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circulating levels and role of IL-6, IL-1ra, TNFsr-II and CRP in patients with heatstroke is not fully known. This study correlated levels of these mediators with outcome in 26 patients. In survivors (n=20), IL-6 concentration declined on cooling, whereas in non-survivors levels continued to increase at 6 h following admission before declining. Admission TNFsr-II concentrations in survivors were significantly lower than non-survivors and levels continued to rise in both groups. IL-1ra levels were markedly elevated in both groups. Changes in cytokine levels were not influenced by renal function. Elevated C-reactive protein levels were observed for both groups and remained so despite cooling, furthermore, there was no correlation with alanine aminotransferase levels. The study demonstrated the elevation of the above mediators and suggested a role in the pathogenesis of heatstroke. Markedly elevated levels or those that remained elevated despite cooling were associated with mortality.
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PMID:Cytokine changes in patients with heatstroke during pilgrimage to Makkah. 1847 47

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of silybin-phospholipids and vitamin E complex (SPV complex), by determining cytokine patterns and various markers of liver disease. Forty Caucasian patients with chronic HCV infection were recruited and divided into two groups: 30 were treated with SPV complex for 3 months, while the other 10 did not receive any treatment. Ten other subjects without HCV infection but with staeatosic diagnosis were recruited and treated with SPV complex. Biochemical and hepatic principal parameters were investigated at 0 (T0) and 3 months (T3). The group of HCV patients treated showed an improvement trend of hepatic indecises and viral load, and had a significant and persistent reduction of ALT (P = 0.02) and AST serum level (P = 0.01). In this group cytokines showed a statistically significant increase of IL-2 (P = 0.03) and IL-6 were significantly reduced (P = 0.02) at T0 and T3. After the treatment the group of hepatic steatosics showed a significant decrease in ALT (P = 0.02), AST (0.008), gammaGT (0.004) alkaline phosphatase (0.05), total cholesterol (P = 0.03), fasting glucose (P = 0.008), insulinemia (0.0006), HOMA value (0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP; 0.04). There was a significant reduction of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 (P = 0.02, 0.05 and 0.04, respectively). The data suggest that the SPV complex exerts hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. This new compound may therefore be useful in clinical practice in patients with chronic hepatitis C who cannot undergo conventional antiviral therapy.
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PMID:Treatment with silybin-vitamin E-phospholipid complex in patients with hepatitis C infection. 1881 47

The French Indian Ocean island Mayotte was hit by an outbreak of chikungunya in January 2005. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report data recorded over a five-month period (February - June 2006) in the pediatric-neonatal department of the Hospital Center in Mayotte. The study cohort includes a total of 50 children in whom chikungunya was confirmed by molecular tools. Mean age was 9.3 years and the male-to-female sex ratio was 1:5. The main symptoms were intense pain (88%), high fever (82%), and skin rash (80%) that was less common in children under 2 years of age. Neurological complications were observed in 46% of patients including hypotonia (22%) that occurred mainly in newborns, meningitis syndrome (18%) and convulsions (16%) that occurred mainly in children over 2 years of age. Infectious complications included pneumonia (4%), pyelonephritis (2%), and possible nosocomial septicemia due to Pseudomonas (6%). The main hematological abnormalities were lymphopenia (27%) and thrombopenia (16%). Serum CRP values were moderately high (mean, 25 mg/l). Elevated AST (24%) and ALT (10%) values were observed. High CSF protein levels were noted in 30% of cases. A total of 25 children required hospitalization for more than 10 days. There were two deaths in newborns infected before the seventh day of life. The main risk factors for hospitalization longer than 10 days were premature birth and age at the time of chikungunya infection.
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PMID:[Confirmed chikungunya in children in Mayotte. Description of 50 patients hospitalized from February to June 2006]. 1906 81

Perforin-(P-) related characteristics of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were investigated in peripheral blood of patients subjected to open (OC; n = 23) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC; n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 20). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively and 24 hours after the surgeries, and the data were correlated with the intensity of cholestasis and concomitant inflammation, determined by functional hepatic tests. Postoperative differences were found to be minimal: OC decreased only the percentage of CD56(+) cells, while LC decreased the fraction of CD8(+)P(+) cells and augmented the mean fluorescence intensity of P in CD56 cells. Patients elected for OC had, however, higher preoperative numbers of total P(+), CD3(+)P(+), and CD4(+)P(+) cells than patients elected for LC and healthy controls, while both groups of patients, preoperatively, had lower fraction of CD16(+)P(+) and CD56(+)P(+) cells. These changes were in high correlation with blood concentrations of CRP, AP, and ALT, emphasizing the link between the preoperative cholestasis and inflammation and P-dependent cytotoxic mechanisms.
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PMID:Perforin expression in peripheral blood lymphatic cells of patients subjected to laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy. 1943 61

This is a study of a cohort of 117 men aged between 34-69 years, with plasma testosterone levels between 5.9-12.1 nmol/L (N>14.0 nmol/L) who were treated with administration of testosterone undecanoate for 1 year as the sole intervention. There was a remarkable improvement of body weight, BMI and waist size along with an improvement of lipid profiles. Liver fat is highly significantly and linearly correlated with all components of the metabolic syndrome. Hepatic inflammation secondary to liver steatosis is a potential contributor to the low-grade inflammation associated with the metabolic syndrome. Elevations of liver enzymes are associated with higher CRP concentrations. Levels of ALT (GPT) AST (GOT) and CRP had decreased significantly after one year of testosterone treatment. At baseline 74/117 met the criteria of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the NCEP and after one year of testosterone treatment this number had declined to 42/117.
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PMID:Improvement of the metabolic syndrome and of non-alcoholic liver steatosis upon treatment of hypogonadal elderly men with parenteral testosterone undecanoate. 1947 3

Among proteins secreted from activated eosinophil granulocytes, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is the most useful tool for the follow-up of inflammatory diseases. Since ECP level reflects the eosinophil activation, it gives valuable information about disease activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible relation between ECP levels and symptoms and laboratory findings of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and to evaluate the role of this protein in the diagnosis of CE. The study which was conducted at Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Suleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty, Isparta, Turkey, included 58 patients with a pre-diagnosis of CE and 32 healthy individuals as control group. The diagnosis of CE was established serologically by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. The quantitative determination of ECP levels was done by fluoro-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA; Uni-CAP ECP, Pharmacia-Upjohn). The mean ECP level was 31.6 +/- 37 microg/ml in the patient group and 9.1 +/- 2.1 microg/ml in the control group, the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.001). Significant differences were also detected for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p = 0.001), total IgE level (p = 0.001), eosinophile count (p = 0.05) and CRP (p = 0.001) between the patient and the control groups. ECP was detected to be high in 35 (60%), IgE in 37 (63%), CRP in 29 (50%) and eosinophile count in 9 (15.5%) patients. While age, gender, ESR, IgE and CRP levels of patients with high ECP levels were not significantly different from levels of patients with normal ECP levels, significantly different eosinophil counts were detected among patients with high ECP values when compared to patients with normal ECP values. Furthermore, a correlation was detected between ECP levels and eosinophil rate, IgE and CRP levels of patients with CE (p = 0.01), while there was no correlation between ECP and ESR levels. Although high ECP level patients exhibited higher ALT and AST levels, no correlation was determined between liver enzyme levels and ECP levels (p > 0.05). The most common symtoms among CE patients were abdominal pain (41%), other gastrointestinal complaints (38%), shortness of breath (12%) and fever (10%). No statistically significant difference in terms of symptoms was detected between patients with high ECP levels and normal ECP levels. However, statistically significant difference was detected between ECP levels of patients with symptoms (except shortness of breath) and patients without symptoms (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ECP seems to be associated with the symptoms and signs of CE and it can be used as a valuable marker besides the other laboratory tests for the evaluation of patients with CE.
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PMID:[Evaluation of eosinophil cationic protein levels with clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of patients with cystic echinococcosis]. 1962 14

The study aimed to determine the hazardous health effects of pesticides exposure in the factory workers by measuring plasma cholinesterase (PChE), pesticides residues, and renal and hepatic biochemical markers. In addition, we also assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and safety practices adopted by the industrial workers. The study was conducted in three different sizes of factories located in Lahore (large), Multan (medium), and Karachi (small) in Pakistan. Total 238 adult males consisting of 184 pesticide industrial workers (exposed group) from large-sized (67), medium-sized (61), small-sized (56) industrial formulation factories, and 54 controls (unexposed) were included in the study. All the participants were male of aged 18 to 58 years. PChE levels were estimated by Ellmann's method. Plasma pesticides residue analysis was performed by using reverse phase C-18 on high-performance liquid chromatograph and GC with NPD detector. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured on Selectra E auto analyzer. Plasma and C-reactive protein was analyzed by Immulite 1000. The results revealed a significant decrease in plasma post exposure PChE levels (<30%) as compared to baseline in the workers of small (29%) and medium (8%) industrial units (p < 0.001). Plasma cypermethrin, endosulfan, imidacloprid, thiodicarb, carbofuran, and methamidophos levels were found to be higher than allowable daily intake. Serum AST, ALT, creatinine GGT, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant, and CRP were significantly raised among the workers of small and medium pesticide formulation factories as compared to large industrial unit and controls (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that unsafe practices among small- and medium-sized pesticides industrial workers cause significant increase in pesticide exposure, oxidative stress, and derangement of hepatic and renal function.
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PMID:Monitoring health implications of pesticide exposure in factory workers in Pakistan. 1966 82

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between toner-exposed work and health indices related to respiratory disorders and to confirm the baseline of a cohort study to clarify the effect of toner exposure in manufacturing plants. Subjects were 1614 male workers (809 toner-exposed workers and 805 referents) who were engaged in toner manufacturing plants in Japan (Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd). The age of subjects was from 19 to 59 years, and the average age was 40.2 years(median 40 years, SD 7.67). We conducted a pulmonary function test (PEFR, VC, FVC, FEV(1.0)%, V25/Ht) and a blood cell test (RBC, Hb, Hct, Plt, WBC, cell contents of WBC) and measured biochemical indices in blood (ALT, AST, gamma-GTP, CRP, IgE) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine. Student t-test and logistic regression analysis were applied to compare between the toner-exposed workers and the referents and to analyze the relationship among indices of effects and independent factors. There was no significant difference between the two groups in blood cell count and biochemical indices. Inflammation- and allergy-related markers such as 8OHdG and IgE also showed no significant difference between toner-exposed workers and the referents. The influence of smoking on pulmonary function indices was observed, but there was no relationship between the pulmonary function and toner-exposed work. In this article, we report a preliminary cross-sectional analysis in the subjects of a cohort study. No difference in pulmonary function indices was observed between the toner-exposed workers and the referents, and there was no consistent relationship between the exposure status and examined indices; however, the prevalence of subjective respiratory symptoms was higher in the exposed workers as presented in another report. Further analysis is important in the ongoing cohort study to clarify the effect of toner exposure on respiratory systems.
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PMID:Cross-sectional study on respiratory effect of toner-exposed work in manufacturing plants, Japan: pulmonary function, blood cells, and biochemical markers. 1975 44

Young adults with abdominal obesity are liable to have subclinical atherosclerosis that may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. This study aims to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis and its possible correlation with some inflammatory and biochemical markers in Egyptian young adult males with abdominal obesity. The study includes 50 young adult males (age range: 19-29 years) divided into two groups. Group 1 comprises 20 non-obese subjects (controls). Group 2 comprises 30 apparently healthy obese subjects. Carotid intima media thickness (carotid-IMT) was estimated using B-mode ultrasonography of the common carotid arteries, and abdominal ultrasonography was performed to assess the presence of a fatty liver. Laboratory investigations included fasting levels of serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (total [TC], high-density [HDL-cholesterol] and low-density [LDL-cholesterol] lipoprotein fractions), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neopterin, lipoprotein-a (Lp[a]), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), plasma plasminogen and fibrinogen. Results showed that carotid IMT, serum hs-CRP, neopterin, Lp(a), fibrinogen, plasminogen, TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol and liver enzymes were significantly elevated (P<0.001) in the obese group compared to controls. All obese subjects showed evidence of fatty liver. A significant positive correlation was found between carotid-IMT and body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, neopterin, hs-CRP AST, ALT and GGT. Elevated serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and increased ALT, AST and GGT, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease biomarkers may be useful predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Evaluation of some markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in Egyptian young adult males with abdominal obesity. 1983 25

Scrub typhus is an endemic disease in eastern Taiwan. We conducted a study of scrub typhus cases among hospitalized pediatric patients. Twenty-eight pediatric cases were confirmed to be scrub typhus (either by immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction) from 2000 to 2005. The medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographics and clinical manifestations. The majority of the children (60.7%) diagnosed with scrub typhus were male. Approximately half the patients were < 5 years old and the mean age (SD) was 6.1 (3.66) years. Patients were more likely to live in rural rather than urban areas. The greatest number of cases was seen in the spring and summer. The primary clinical symptoms included fever (100%), cough (50%), eschar (50%), rash (35.7%), poor appetite (42.9%), lymphadenopathy (42.9%), headache (39.3%), and hepatomegaly (35.7%). AC-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated in 100%, an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was elevated in 100%, an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was elevated in 91.3%, hypoalbuminemia was found in 88.9% and proteinuria in 50%. The mean (SD) duration of antibiotics was 11.0 (2.68) days and the mean (SD) duration for fever resolution after treatment was 2.8 (2.51) days. Meningoencephalitis was noted in 6 patients. Our case series had no mortalities. These results suggest that a diagnosis of scrub typhus should be suspected in children with fever and laboratory evidence of liver dysfunction who live in rural eastern Taiwan.
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PMID:Scrub typhus in children in a teaching hospital in eastern Taiwan, 2000-2005. 1984 16


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