Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1], acid phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.2], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT, EC 2.6.1.1] and alanine aminotransferase [ALAT, EC 2.6.1.2] were measured in mucosal homogenates of different segments of the alimentary tract of White Rock cockerels. 2. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases were higher in the duodenum, jejenum and caecum than the anterior segments of the alimentary tract. 3. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was higher in the oesophagus and crop than in the caudal segments of the alimentary tract. Alanine aminotransferase activity did not show any specific pattern. 4. The increased phosphatase activities in the caudal alimentary tract indicates their involvement in the nutrient transport across the mucosa. Aminotransferases were probably involved in the synthesis of amino acids and proteins in the anterior alimentary tract.
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PMID:Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in different regions of the alimentary tract of adult White Rock cockerels. 322 95

Nineteen patients with isolated meniscus lesions were randomly assigned to operation with or without tourniquet. All patients underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy. Measurements of CK (creatinin-kinase), CK-B (isoenzymes MB of creatinin-kinase), LD (lactate dehydrogenase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALAT (alanine aminotransferase) were performed preoperatively and postoperatively over 6 days. The muscle torque was measured on a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer preoperatively, 1 week and 4 weeks postoperatively. The mean CK level rose significantly in both groups, but did not pass the upper normal serum level. There was no effect on the other muscle enzymes. Quadriceps torque was significantly lowered in both groups 1 week after operation. Four weeks postoperatively, it was still lowered in the nontourniquet group, which also had a slower increase in torque between weeks 1 and 4 than the tourniquet groups. There was no effect from the operation on isometric or hamstrings torque. The slight rise in CK was similar to that seen after hard physical exercise. The decrease in muscle torque was, therefore, mostly due to pain inhibition. The slightly slower rehabilitation in the nontourniquet group may be caused by the technique of raising saline flow and pressure during the arthroscopy to control bleeding. This causes extravasation of fluid which may increase postoperative pain and stiffness.
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PMID:Muscle rehabilitation after arthroscopic meniscectomy with or without tourniquet control. A preliminary randomized study. 952 58

To find a suitable contraceptive combination 11 dosage combinations of estrogen and megestrol acetate were studied clinically. An additional combination for treatment of menopausal symptoms was used in 603 treatments, each with 21 pills. A dose of 3.75 mg and even 4.0 mg of conjugated estrogen was not sufficient to inhibit ovulation. Pregnancies occurred also when 21 daily doses of 3 mg conjugated estrogen were combined with 2 or 3 mg megestrol acetate daily. Consequently, not even 3 mg megestrol acetate can be considered a sufficient dose to prevent the pentration of spermatozoa through the cervical mucus when used in combination with estrogens. Clinically best results were obtained with following 2 combinations (2 and 7): conjugated estrogen 3.75 mg/day for 21 days + 5 mg megestrol acetate for the last 5 days and conjugated estrogen 4 mg/day for 21 days + 5 mg megestrol acetate for the last 7 days. The tolerance to conjugated estrogen was good in the whole series. No embolism was observed, nor were any changes in the ASAT; GOT or ALAT; GPT values recorded.
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PMID:The use of conjugated oestrogen in oral contraception. 437 May 8

Sixty-four patients over the age of 40 years, undergoing elective surgery of at least one hour's duration, were randomized to treatment with either a thromboembolic deterrent ( TED ) stocking (Kendall Co.) or subcutaneous low-dose heparin 5 000 IU every 12 hours. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (S-gamma-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) were measured. S-ALAT increased significantly on the 5th and 10th postoperative day, from 27 +/- 2 (x +/- SE) to 40 +/- 4 (p less than 0.01) and 55 +/- 7 U/l (p less than 0.001), respectively, in the heparin group and was significantly higher in the heparin than in the TED group both on the 5th (p less than 0.01) and 10th (p less than 0.05) postoperative day. S-ASAT and S-gamma-GT increased significantly during heparin treatment, but did not differ significantly from the values of the TED group. No change in S-ALP was registered in either group. It is concluded that prophylactic treatment with low-dose heparin induces a significant increase in S-aminotransferase levels, especially in S-ALAT. The phenomenon has profound differential diagnostic implications in conditions such as pulmonary embolism and acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Heparin-induced increase in serum levels of aminotranferases. A controlled clinical trial. 637 73

The substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, E.C. 2.6.1.1.) from Leishmania was examined following observations of artefacts on gels stained for alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, E.C. 2.6.1.2.) after thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. Leishmanial ASAT acted on L-aspartate, L-alanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine. Interpretation of ALAT zymograms must thus take into account the presence of interfering ASAT bands, and the need is emphasized for rigorous controls in isoenzyme electrophoresis.
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PMID:Aspartate aminotransferase in Leishmania is a broad-spectrum transaminase. 646 33

The gamma-GT/ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and gamma-GT/ALAT (alanine aminotransferase) ratios were examined in 6 children with neonatal hepatitis (NH), 14 children with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA), and 8 children with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) (of which 3 with the Aagenaes syndrome). A ratio above 1 is suggestive of EHBA. Both ratios differentiate very well between NH and EHBA, but there is considerable overlap in the enzyme ratios between the EHBA and the IHC groups. Gamma-GT/transaminase ratios may prove to be a useful indicator in the diagnostic work-up of children with liver and biliary tract disease, allowing for early surgery in patients with EHBA, and with a low risk of subjecting NH patients to unnecessary surgery. In our cases the gamma-GT/ALAT ratio separated better between EHBA and IHC than the gamma-GT/ASAT ratio. Furthermore, the case histories made EHBA seem unlikely in two out of three IHC patients with a gamma-GT/ALAT ratio above 1.
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PMID:Liver enzyme ratios in neonatal liver disease. 652 89

The bone marrow activity in the liver-spleen (RES) scintigraphy has been difficult to estimate correctly. If the activity of the bone marrow is to be decided as counts/time unit it is of importance that structures with a high activity as the liver and spleen are excluded from the registration. A dorsal registration of the pelvis during 180 s will give a rather correct information of bone marrow activity and besides an image of the pelvic bone marrow is obtained. Using 270 to 280 MBq 99Tcm-Albures all 45 normal cases had values below 150 KCNT (1 KCNT = 1 000 counts). All cases with cirrhosis (n = 15) or metastases in the liver (n = 14) had values over 150 KCNT. Values over 150 KCNT were also found in 29 of 34 patients with an increase in ASAT and ALAT (GOT, GPT) as the only pathologic finding and in 12 of 21 patients with a carcinoma but without metastases in the liver.
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PMID:Recording of bone marrow activity in liver-spleen (RES) scintigraphy. 652 33

The present study was designed to test if both the intensity and duration of the 45-min Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) would produce changes in serum enzyme activities. Nine men, four sedentary (S) and five athletes (A), performed VO2 max and SWEET, at their Maximal Intensity of Endurance (MIE45) as defined by maximal heart rate and the impossibility of maintaining MIE 45 + 5% for 45 min. Arterial blood was sampled at rest (R), exercise (Ex) (45th min) and during recovery (15th min) for measurements of levels of Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Hct), pH and seven serum enzymes: Creatine kinase (CPK), Hexose-phosphate isomerase (PHI), Aldolase (ALD), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Aspartate amino-transferase (ASAT or GOT), and Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT or GPT). Five enzymes increased significantly during exercise (MIE45), the delta % (Ex - R/R) increases were as follows: PHI (72%), MDH (28%), LDH (21%), CPK (17%), and GOT (13.5%), whilst only a 10% increase was observed for Hct and Hb and there was no significant change in the arterial pH. There was no correlation between the delta % of Hb, Hct, pH, and the results for the enzymes. Thus, it does not seem that haemoconcentration and arterial blood acidosis which occur during exercise are only at the origin of the observed increases in enzymes. A difference between "sedentary" and "athletes" subjects was found at rest and exercise (delta % = A - S/S) for CPK (R = 222%; Ex = 235%), GOT (R = 90%; Ex = 75%) and ALD (R = 99%; Ex = 54%). These results suggest that the MIE45, by measured increases in enzymatic activity, seems to require great muscular effort.
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PMID:Serum enzyme variations in men during an exhaustive "square-wave" endurance exercise test. 653 38

The reference intervals for the activities of L-alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2, ALAT), L-aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1, ASAT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2, GT) in serum were determined according to the recommendations of the European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS). Serum specimens from 954 subjects were analysed for ALAT and ASAT and from 794 subjects for GT. The subjects, aged 27-67 years, were participants in general health surveys. The reference population was formed by excluding subjects with any disease, or on any medication, affecting the liver, and also those consuming excessive amounts of alcohol. The 95% inner reference intervals for ALAT and ASAT were 9-50 (n = 189) and 15-36 U l-1 (n = 192) in men and 8-38 (n = 270) and 13-33 U l-1 (n = 270) in women. For GT the reference interval was 11-58 in men (n = 165) and 8-42 U l-1 in women (n = 220). Serum GT levels correlated clearly with alcohol consumption. Serum ALAT and ASAT were only slightly associated with alcohol consumption at levels less than 280 g per week in men and 190 g per week in women. There were modest positive associations between the three enzyme levels and body mass index. None of the enzymes correlated significantly with age.
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PMID:Health-based reference intervals for ALAT, ASAT and GT in serum, measured according to the recommendations of the European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS). 763 58

A 53 year old female nurse presenting with malaise, jaundice and pruritus is reported. Physical examination only disclosed jaundice and laboratory values showed an ALT of 445 U/l, ASAT of 179 U/l, alkaline phosphatases of 455 U/l and a total bilirubin of 7.7 mg/dl. Serological markers for hepatitis virus E were positive and negative for hepatitis virus A, B and C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. The patient recovered fully in 10 weeks and is asymptomatic after 5 years of follow up. Health care workers probably have a higher risk for hepatitis E than the general population and this is the first acute sporadic case described in Chile.
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PMID:[Acute sporadic hepatitis caused by the E virus in Chile. Clinical case]. 806 47


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