Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For the evaluation of certain differences in the diminution of export proteins of the liver we examined some exactly defined groups of liver diseases with the aim of further differentiation of the pathogenetic mechanisms. We measured the activity of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, the Quick value, the coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX and X. Clotting factors were determined by a Schnitger-Gross Coagulometer. Prothrombin, antithrombin III, plasminogen, factor VIII associated antigen and activated factor XIII were measured by immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell. Lipoprotein electrophoresis in agarose gel was performed to evaluate changes in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Except of the rising diminution of export proteins in the course of liver disease from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis we found also specific changes of the patterns of the plasma specific enzymes. These proteins were diminished dependent on their half life time and the inflammatory activity--measured as the height of the transaminases. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and factor VIII did not participate in the general diminution of the most export proteins; some details were found to explain this differing behaviour. Results are critically discussed with regard to new aspects in the biochemistry of the damaged liver cell.
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PMID:[Correlations between the diminished secretion of export proteins from the liver and the plasmatic activity of liver cell enzymes (author's transl)]. 42 91

In a prospective clinical trial the risk of infection after application of virus inactivated antithrombin III concentrate ANTITHROMBIN III IMMUNO (AT III) was investigated in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. The study was conducted according to the recommendations of the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ICTH), with the exception that most patients required additional blood products as well as AT III. Twenty-seven patients were eligible to test for the risk of acquiring hepatitis B. Twenty-six patients could be evaluated in terms of hepatitis NANB transmission considering ALT-levels whereas 20 patients could be tested for anti-HCV one year after surgery. Samples from 78 patients could be monitored for anti-HIV-1. None of these patients showed any signs of infection. AT III IMMUNO seems to be an antithrombin III concentrate with low or absent infectivity.
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PMID:Safety of virus inactivated antithrombin III concentrate antithrombin III immuno (AT III). 163 60

A 10-month-old male infant (case 1) and another male infant aged 1 year and 11 months (case 2) were admitted to our department because of fever, watery diarrhea and convulsion. On admission, they were unconscious and showed rigidity of the limbs. Laboratory examination revealed a marked increase in GOT and GPT, a decrease in platelet and antithrombin III and an increase in FDP. Metabolic acidosis was found by blood gas analysis. Brain CT showed an extensive area of low density in case 1, and low density centering on the cerebral basal ganglia and brainstem in case 2. Rotavirus was detected in case 2 by fecal examination. The clinical pictures in these cases closely resembled those of hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy (HSE) reported by Levin et al. in 1983. The etiology of this disease is currently unknown, and its prognosis is poor. The relationship between this disease and rotavirus should be examined in future studies.
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PMID:[Two cases of hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome]. 173 31

To investigate hemostatic changes after artificial valve replacement, I studied platelets, fibrinogen (Fbg), antithrombin III (AT-III), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), thrombotest (TT), prothrombin time (PT), bleeding time (BT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in 75 patients complicated with combined cardiac valvular disease. Twenty-nine patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR group) and 46 patients without that (control group) were compared. 1) TR group, that contained patients with severer cases, showed a significantly longer operative time and greater bleeding volume than control group (p less than 0.01). 2) Many patients in TR group showed high serum II, frequency of abnormal platelet functions during and after extracorporeal circulation total-bilirubin and GPT level after operation and higher ICG R-value before operation than in control group. 3) After operation, the platelet count was significantly lower in TR group (p less than 0.01) than in control group, and was lowest on the 3rd postoperative day in both groups. 4) In both groups Fbg increased significantly after operation, and was lower in TR group on the 7th and 10th postoperative days than in control group. FDP was significantly higher in TR group than in control group after the 3rd postoperative day. 5) BT and APTT were similar in the two groups. 6) PT and TT were lower in TR group before operation (p less than 0.01) than in control group, and decreased after operation and administration of anticoagulants in both groups. These results indicate that patients with combined cardiac valvular disease with tricuspid regurgitation have a hemorrhagic tendency due to disorders of extrinsic coagulant, which may be caused by liver hypofunction, and are easy to bleed.
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PMID:[Hemostatic changes after artificial valve replacement--especially tricuspid regurgitation]. 223 Mar 77

The present experiments were designed to study the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on endotoxin toxicity. The intravenous injection of endotoxin produced a more pronounced increase of serum AST and ALT activities in chronic ethanol-fed rats, when compared to controls. The activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, were also distinctly decreased by endotoxin treatment in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Consistent with these biochemical alterations, light and electron microscopic examinations revealed severe liver injury after endotoxin injection in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Furthermore, the increase of blood BUN and creatinine levels accompanied by the degeneration of the renal tubulus and slight infiltration of neutrophils into the glomerule were produced by endotoxin treatment and were more conspicuous in chronic ethanol-fed rats than controls. Therefore, the biochemical and histological evidence indicates that endotoxin markedly potentiates organ injury after chronic ethanol consumption. In addition, a more pronounced decrease in blood antithrombin III activity accompanied by an increase in fibrin degradation product level in blood was recognized in chronic ethanol-fed rats receiving endotoxin, when compared to controls receiving endotoxin. This increase of blood fibrin degradation product level correlated well with the decrease of antithrombin III activity (r = -0.6116; p less than 0.005). These findings of blood antithrombin III activity and fibrin degradation product level indicate that the coagulation-fibrinolysis system is more activated by endotoxin treatment after chronic ethanol consumption. Furthermore, the activation of the coagulation-fibrinolysis system was well correlated with biochemical and histological alterations representing hepatorenal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Endotoxin-induced hypercoagulability: a possible aggravating factor of alcoholic liver disease. 254 Oct 59

In order to assess thrombogenicity and liver toxicity of different coagulation factor concentrates, antithrombin III, soluble fibrin, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GT) were measured in samples taken before, 30 min and 24 h after the infusion. Seventy-six studies were performed in 55 patients with haemophilia A (37), B (11) or von Willebrand's disease, type III (7). A sharp rise of soluble fibrin was observed in 2 patients with haemophilia B, indicating that modern factor IX concentrates may still be thrombogenic. A slight increase was also seen after infusion of factor VIII-von Willebrand factor concentrates of low purity. Antithrombin III, ALAT and GT did not change significantly after any of the factor concentrates. The alterations in those parameters did not correlate with the impairment of liver function.
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PMID:Acute effects with reference to thrombogenicity and liver toxicity after injection of different coagulation factor concentrates. 256 25

When Escherichia coli endotoxin was intravenously injected into rats given killed Corynebacterium parvum 6 days previously, fibrin deposition and endothelial cell injury occurred in hepatic sinusoids at 1.5 h and were intensified thereafter. Serum alanine aminotransferase values were increased along with prothrombin time and decreased plasma levels of antithrombin III and coagulation factor VIII:C at 5 h. Antithrombin III concentrate (plus heparin) or superoxide dismutase infused concurrently with injection of endotoxin significantly attenuated the derangements of these variables and the histologic extent of liver injury at 5 h. Intravascular coagulation, probably developing through the action of superoxide anion, may contribute to the development of massive hepatic necrosis induced by C. parvum and endotoxin in rats.
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PMID:Intravascular coagulation in the development of massive hepatic necrosis induced by Corynebacterium parvum and endotoxin in rats. 266 Feb 48

Seventy-four patients with beta-thalassemia major were studied to test the hypothesis that a deficiency of protein C (PC) and antithrombin III (AT III), both antithrombotic proteins, could contribute to the pathogenesis of CNS thromboembolic lesions. In 70 patients, PC levels were found to be significantly lower than normal, whereas AT III activity was found to be lower only in 41 patients. The lowest values of PC and AT III were found in older splenectomized patients, a low PC value only was found in chronic hepatitis patients. Prothrombin time and fibrinogen were found to be particularly abnormal in patients with chronic hepatitis and without spleen. A relatively poor correlation was observed between PC and AT III (p less than 0.02). PC correlated with age (p less than 0.001), transfusional iron (p less than 0.001) and ferritin (p less than 0.001). It also correlated with serum albumin (p less than 0.001), prothrombin time (p less than 0.001) and fibrinogen (p less than 0.02) and with serum transaminases (GPT) (p less than 0.001). The same indexes correlated less significantly with AT III activity. Nevertheless, only 2 of our patients had CNS thromboembolic complications. It is probable that low clotting factors, hyperfibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia (which are common in chronic liver disease) could have the opposite effect on hemostasis from that of low levels of anticoagulant proteins such as PC and AT III.
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PMID:Protein C and antithrombin III in polytransfused thalassemic patients. 310 18

A 27-year-old gravida 2 was hospitalized in the 37th week of pregnancy because of nausea, vomiting and upper abdominal pain. She had severe thrombocytopenia (600/microliter), haemolysis and markedly abnormal liver functions (bilirubin 7.4 mg/dl, GOT 512, GPT 650 and LDH 1772 U/l), indicating a probably immunologically induced syndrome (HELLP) of late pregnancy. After platelet infusion and antithrombin III substitution a slightly growth-retarded girl was delivered without complications by section because of threatened intrauterine asphyxia while the cervix was undilated. The maternal platelet count and the liver functions quickly returned to normal post-partum.
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PMID:[Severe thrombocytopenia, hemolysis and liver function disorder in late pregnancy. HELLP syndrome]. 316 83

In order to investigate the applicability of liver transplantation after warm ischemia, a partial auxiliary auto-transplantation of the liver after 30 min of warm ischemia was carried out in 9 mongrel dogs. Among them, 6 dogs survived longer than 7 days. Liver functions, blood coagulability and histological changes were investigated before and after the transplantation. Serum GOT, LDH, and GPT levels were elevated immediately after transplantation, and returned to normal within a few days. Hemostatic tests also showed significant abnormalities after transplantation. Although PT and thrombotest became normal within a week, PTT and antithrombin III remained slightly abnormal for longer periods. Microscopically, vacuolization and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed after transplantation but they recovered completely within 4 weeks. Based on these results, it could be said that the livers subjected to warm ischemia for 30 min ischemia were still acceptable for auxiliary transplantation.
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PMID:Liver transplantation in dogs after 30 minutes of warm ischemia. 351 52


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