Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of screening blood donors for non-A, non-B Hepatitis using GPT as the surrogate marker has been debated for long time. Since January 1990, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centers have introduced anti-HCV screening with EIA. Approximately 1.1 percent of blood donors screened was anti-HCV positive in Kyushu district. Studies comparing with seroconversion rates showed discrepancy between anti-HCV and anti-HTLV-1 in some regions [Kagoshima: 0.9% (anti-HCV)/5.7% (anti-HTLV-1), Okinawa: 0.7%/5.2%, Nagasaki: 1.0%/3.7%]. Seropositivity of anti-HCV progressively increased with the age and GPT value in both male and female. In blood donors having history of transfusion, anti-HCV reactive rate was more than 10%. Results of Japanese Red Cross Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Research Group show the effectiveness of implementation of anti-HCV screening to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis.
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PMID:[Current status of anti-HCV screening and posttransfusion hepatitis]. 127 46

Posttransfusion hepatitis remains a threat to transfusion therapy. Testing for increased ALT levels has been used in an attempt to reduce this risk. Presence of the infectious agent, hepatitis C virus (HCV), appears to be a much more sensitive criterion. Stored serum samples from transfusion blood as well as recipients of transfusion were tested by ELISA, RIBA and PCR for the presence of HCV. The results show that RIBA and PCR are about equally sensitive and are able to detect HCV positivity in many sera that might have been otherwise transfused. Routine screening for the presence of virus will dramatically reduce the danger of hepatitis infection to transfusion patients.
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PMID:HCV and blood transfusion. 128 May 7

Interferon therapy is useful for decreasing the serum ALT level and improving liver histology in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. This study examined the effect of interferon therapy in acute cases of posttransfusion hepatitis C. We report on three cases in which interferon alpha was administered at 100-220.5 million units. HCV RNA became undetectable during interferon administration and the ALT level declined to the normal range. However, after the cessation of the therapy, the ALT level began to fluctuate and HCV RNA reappeared in two patients. We concluded that interferon therapy for the acute phase of posttransfusion hepatitis is useful for suppressing viral replication and quickly improving the ALT level, but it can not always prevent the development of chronic hepatitis. Furthermore, there was a close correlation between the profile of HCV RNA and that of the ALT level, indicating that the replication of HCV plays an important role in liver injury.
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PMID:Three cases of posttransfusion hepatitis C treated with interferon-alpha. Confirmation of a carrier state by detection of hepatitis C virus RNA after interferon therapy. 131 23

Donated blood is currently screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis. A prospective study of 2368 blood donors was carried out in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) with a view to determining the risk factors associated with serologic abnormalities. Blood donors included in the study had to complete a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed on the data thus obtained: 571 donations (24%) were positive for at least one of the four analyzed markers. The results were that 3.2 percent were positive for HBsAg, 22 percent for anti-HBc, and 0.8 percent for anti-HCV, and 1.4 percent had ALT > or = 45 IU per L. A good correlation was found between anti-HCV and elevated ALT. Transfusion history and two socioeconomic categories (working class, military personnel) were found to be risk factors. Other risk factors were lifelong residence in Guadeloupe (with risk increasing with the number of years), birthplace and current residence in the southern part of the island, and the existence of gastrointestinal discomfort unrelated to viral hepatitis (odds ratio = 2.98). The results of this study illustrate the difficulty of implementing a preventive policy against posttransfusion hepatitis in a tropical area. The unique epidemiologic situation of Guadeloupe as regards hepatitis B virus has led to more restrictive criteria for the acceptance of blood donors.
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PMID:Risk factors associated with hepatitis B or C markers or elevated alanine aminotransferase level among blood donors on a tropical island: the Guadeloupe experience. 141 85

To assess the efficacy of interferon-alpha in acute hepatitis C, 28 patients with acute posttransfusion hepatitis were randomized to receive 3 million units of recombinant interferon-alpha three times weekly for 12 wk or no treatment. Biochemical, histological and serological parameters were monitored during 1 yr of follow-up. Serum ALT levels were normal at the end of therapy in 73% of treated patients and only in 38% of control patients (p = 0.06); these differences disappeared at 6 and 12 mo of follow-up. Anti-hepatitis C virus seroconversion occurred later and at a lower rate in the group of patients who received interferon-alpha. Treated patients had a trend toward less severe hepatic lesions with lower histological activity as compared with the control group, but no statistical differences were observed. No severe side effects of interferon-alpha were detected during the study. In summary, a 3-mo course of interferon-alpha in acute hepatitis C is safe and might have some effect in diminishing disease activity only during the treatment period; however, and probably because of a small sample size, no benefit of interferon-alpha in the long-term outcome of this disease was demonstrated.
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PMID:Interferon-alpha in acute posttransfusion hepatitis C: a randomized, controlled trial. 156 16

The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis and the rate of chronicity were investigated in a program devised at our hospital in December, 1982. Out of 2,596 blood recipients between January, 1982, and December, 1987, 451 (22.7%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis. Seventy-seven patients out of 217 (35.3%) whose course was closely followed progressed to chronicity. The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis increased with the volume of transfused blood without any evident limitation. Recipients of elevated-ALT donor blood (greater than 26 Karmen units) were found to be more susceptible to posttransfusion hepatitis than those who had received only normal-ALT donor blood. Packed red blood cells, whole blood and fresh whole blood were high-risk components, and fresh frozen plasma a low-risk component of blood. The carrier rate of non-A, non-B hepatitis agents in Japanese healthy blood donors was determined to be 1.2% using the Frost-Reed model of infectious diseases. Anti-hepatitis C virus was detected in 62% of the cases of posttransfusion hepatitis 1 year after transfusion.
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PMID:Posttransfusion hepatitis in Japan. 160 17

In an attempt to investigate the incidence and clinical course of type C viral hepatitis among patients with posttransfusion hepatitis, antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in sera were measured from 42 prospectively followed cardiovascular surgery patients who developed hepatitis after blood transfusions. Of these, 35 (83.3%) had anti-HCV seroconversion during a 6- to 12-month follow-up period. The mean interval between blood transfusion and onset of active anti-HCV seroconversion was approximately 3 months after the first elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase levels (18.1 vs. 6.4 weeks). There was no correlation between fluctuations in serum alanine aminotransferase levels and anti-HCV titers. Of 26 patients with type C posttransfusion hepatitis who were followed greater than 1 year, 20 (76.9%) continued to have abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels. The results indicate that HCV is the major agent of posttransfusion hepatitis in Taiwan. Furthermore, it plays an important role in chronic hepatitis among transfused patients.
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PMID:Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed patients with posttransfusion hepatitis. 164 86

Blood donor screening for hepatitis B core antibody and elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase level, surrogate markers of hepatitis C/non-A, non-B (NANB) infection, was implemented in 1986. Reported cases of posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) from 1985 to 1988 were reviewed to ascertain the effect of surrogate testing on the number and character of cases and to compare any changes with those in the incidence of hepatitis in the general population. The reports of all PTH, NANB PTH, and type B PTH decreased 61.5%, 75.4%, and 84.5%, respectively. The rates of reported cases of NANB hepatitis and hepatitis B in the general community also fell during the period of review. The decrease in PTH and background hepatitis was similar between 1985 and 1986. In 1987, the first complete year of surrogate testing, the incidence of PTH decreased at a greater rate, to levels 50% below what would have been projected on the basis of background changes alone for NANB PTH, and to 35% below projected for type B PTH. There appears to have been a substantial decrease in the risk of both type B PTH and NANB PTH in the northeastern United States between 1985 and 1988 due to a combined effect of donor surrogate testing and a decrease in the background rates of hepatitis in the donor population.
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PMID:Decrease in reported posttransfusion hepatitis. Contributions of donor screening for alanine aminotransferase and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and changes in the general population. 174 1

Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) was assessed in serum samples from patients with non-A, non-B liver diseases using an Ortho HCV ELISA kit. In patients with posttransfusion hepatitis, anti-HCV was found in 89% and the interval between onset and anti-HCV seroconversion was 51 to 168 (mean 80) days. Anti-HCV remained positive with fluctuating serum GPT levels in 88% of the patients in whom anti-HCV seroconversion was observed. In chronic liver diseases, anti-HCV was found in 70 to 100%, being more common in patients who had a history of blood transfusion. The average interval between transfusion and detectable anti-HCV was 21.5 years. Anti-HCV was also found occasionally in patients having normalized serum GPT level after the onset, HBV carrier with posttransfusion hepatitis and patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Decreasing anti-HCV titer was noted with the normalization of serum GPT levels in the patients who received interferon therapy. These findings suggest that anti-HCV is closely associated with blood transfusion and HCV infection plays an important role in non-A, non-B liver diseases. The improvement of the current HCV assay system seems to contribute to further evaluation of the clinical entity of HCV infection.
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PMID:[Detection of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-A non-B liver diseases]. 184 11

The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) was determined prospectively at our institution. An active surveillance program of transfused surgical patients was set up; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined before transfusion and at monthly intervals for 6 months after transfusion. Patients with confirmed ALT values greater than 2.5 times the upper reference values were referred to the out-patient clinics for diagnosis. Of 4051 surgical patients who underwent transfusion between January 1986 and December 1989, 2459 (60.7%) were enrolled in the surveillance program, and 1018 (25.1%) completed the follow-up; 238 patients received autologous blood only and were used as controls. No PTH was observed in the control patients, and the incidence of the disease in patients receiving homologous blood was 10.97 percent in 1986, 6.58 percent in 1987, 5.55 percent in 1988, and 4.29 percent in 1989; the decreasing trend is significant (p = 0.018).
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PMID:Prospective evaluation of posttransfusion hepatitis. 185 May 68


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