Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The level of serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was measured in 32 patients to investigate the effect of prednisone and alpha-interferon therapy on chronic hepatitis B virus infection. All the patients were seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen, with histological evidence of chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis. Twenty-six patients received oral prednisone, followed by subcutaneous recombinant alpha-interferon, and six patients received multivitamin tablets and served as controls. After 4 wk of prednisone in reducing dosage, serum sIL-2R fell significantly from 673.6 +/- 52.9 U/ml to 584.8 +/- 39.4 U/ml (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.05). It rose to 733.4 +/- 45.7 U/ml (p less than 0.05) on the 4th wk of interferon, but returned to pretreatment level at completion of interferon. There was a significant correlation between serum sIL-2R and alanine aminotransferase levels (r = 0.36, p less than 0.001). The level of serum sIL-2R before treatment and its response to prednisone and interferon were not useful in predicting seroconversion of hepatitis B e antigen and anti-hepatitis B e.
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PMID:Effects of alpha-interferon and prednisone on serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in chronic hepatitis B infection. 172 7

The serum kinetics of preS1 and preS2 antigens has been evaluated in 38 serial samples from eight patients with chronic active (CAH) or chronic persistent (CPH) hepatitis, followed for 2-7 years (mean 4.4 years) in whom liver biopsy was performed at intervals, and in 46 samples from ten asymptomatic HBsAg carriers followed for 4-5 years (mean 4.6 years). Four patterns of preS behaviour have been observed: (1) persistently positive preS1 and preS2; (2) disappearance of preS2; (3) disappearance of both preS1 and preS2; and (4) persistently negative preS1 and preS2. Pattern 4 has been observed exclusively among healthy carriers, while seven out of eight chronic patients exhibited either pattern 1 or 2. Among the chronic patients, preS2 disappearance was accompanied or followed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. The correlation of preS antigens with conventional viral replication markers showed that 100% of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA-positive and 86.6% of HBeAg-positive sera were preS1/preS2 positive, while 61% of HBV-DNA-negative and 64% of HBeAg-negative sera were preS1/preS2 negative. Our data suggest that continuous monitoring of preS antigens in follow-up sera will allow for an improved prognostic evaluation of chronic HBV infection.
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PMID:Correlation of preS antigens and clinical status during chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 176 4

Serum level of osteocalcin (OC) is believed to be a specific biochemical parameter of bone formation. Decreased serum OC has been reported in alcohol-intoxicated subjects, in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. The question was, whether lower OC level could be detected in patients with nonalcoholic and non-cholestatic chronic liver disease. The serum OC was measured by RIA developed in our laboratory. Results were compared to age and sex matched controls. Decreased OC level was found in 35 out of 47 (74%) patients with non-alcoholic and non-cholestatic liver disease as chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, fatty liver and cirrhosis, in 21 out of 26 (80%) patients with alcoholic liver disease and in 8 out of 15 (53%) primary biliary cirrhosis. None of the patients had elevated value. There was no correlation between the decreased OC level and the duration or severity of the liver disease and the laboratory parameters as bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, prothrombin, and serum 25-OH-D3 vitamin level. Decreased OC was found also in the patients without cirrhosis. The possible causes are discussed. Relying upon these findings it is supposed that chronic liver disease by itself can influence the osteoblast activity also by some unknown mechanism.
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PMID:[Decreased serum osteocalcin level in non-alcoholic and alcoholic chronic liver diseases]. 185 6

Pre-S2 protein and its antibody were detected in 130 children with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 30 with T6 hepatitis B (HB) vaccination. The results showed that pre-S2 was positive in most chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and chronic active hepatitis(CAH) patients, while anti-pre-S2 was positive in only 8% (2/92 cases) and 11.5% (3/26 cases) respectively. The positive rate of anti-pre-S2 was 78.9% (15/19 cases) in cases at the convalescent stage of acute hepatitis B, 91.7% (55/60 cases) in cases with T6 HB vaccination and 83.3% (25.30 cases) in naturally acquired anti-HBs children, while pre-S2 was not noted. Anti-pre-S2 was negatively related to ALT and positively to anti-HBs (P less than 0.01). The positive relation of pre-S2 to HBsAg was observed. These results suggest that pre-S2 could be a marker for HBV infection, and anti-pre-S2 may indicate a favourable prognosis of HBV infection. There was no correlation between anti-pre-S2 and pathogenic damages induced by HBV.
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PMID:Significance of pre-S2 protein and its antibody in children with HBV infections. 187 11

To verify the existence of chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol, the clinicopathological features of chronic hepatitis in heavy drinkers were studied using various viral markers. Histological features of chronic active hepatitis were seen in 27 heavy drinkers. These patients were divided into four groups. The AL group (seven cases) consisted of alcoholics who were negative for both hepatitis C antibody and HBsAg; the HB group (four cases) was positive for HBsAg; the HC1 group (seven cases) was positive for hepatitis C antibody but negative for hepatitis C virus-RNA genome; and the HC2 group (nine cases) was positive both for hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis C virus-RNA genome. Serum AST and ALT activity declined during 4 wk of abstinence in most patients in the AL group and in the HC1 group. The response of serum AST and ALT to abstinence was poor in most patients in the HB group and the HC2 group. Serum desialo-transferrin and alcohol liver membrane antibodies were detected more frequently in the sera of patients in the AL group and HC1 group. A trend toward increased frequency of centrilobular ballooning existed in the AL group, but this did not reach statistical significance. These results suggest that chronic active hepatitis in patients in the AL group, in whom markers of HBV and hepatitis C virus were absent, may be caused by alcohol. Patients in the HC1 group who had hepatitis C antibody but not hepatitis C virus-RNA may represent cases where both alcohol and hepatitis C virus are involved.
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PMID:Different types of chronic hepatitis in alcoholic patients: does chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol exist? 190 24

IFN-alpha was administered intermittently over a 6 month period in 39 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis confirmed by peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy. Three million units of IFN-alpha were administered 3 times a week for the first 6 months then twice, then once a week. In 26 patients (67%), GPT decreased and remained within the normal range during the course of administration, and in 9 patients (23%) GPT remained normal for over 6 months after the discontinuation of IFN-alpha. There was no significant difference of efficacy among 3 groups liver histology groups (CPH, CAH-2A, and CAH-2B), but GPT decreased significantly in patients with sporadic hepatitis compared to patients with a history of blood transfusion. Furthermore, GPT decreased significantly in patients with a history of a blood transfusion within the preceding 2 years compared to patients with a history of a blood transfusion over 7 years ago. GPT increased markedly after an early tapering to 2 doses weekly, but it did not increase after a 6 month administration. In conclusion, the long-term administration of 300 million unit IFN-alpha, 3 times weekly for 6 months, about 2.5 hundred million units in total, is thought to be an effective way to control chronic NANB hepatitis.
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PMID:Long-term intermittent administration of interferon-alpha in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. 190 37

Chronic liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemophilia. We have used recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b) in a randomized controlled liver biopsy trial to treat hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis. Eighteen patients entered the study, 16 of whom were subsequently shown to have antibodies to the HCV. All underwent liver biopsy at entry and were randomized to either treatment with self-administered IFN alpha-2b, 3 million units subcutaneously thrice weekly (n = 10) or no treatment (control group) (n = 8). Nine subjects had chronic active hepatitis, seven had chronic persistent hepatitis, and two had cirrhosis. Twelve months after entry into the study 17 patients underwent a second liver biopsy. All biopsies were coded, assessed, and scored according to the histologic severity of the liver disease. Ten patients were administered IFN for 1 year, and in four patients normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) occurred compared with none in the untreated group. After the second liver biopsy, six of the eight initial no-treatment patients were treated with interferon 3 million units thrice weekly for 6 months, and normalization of ALT was seen in five patients. Biochemical relapse within 4 months of stopping IFN occurred in one of four patients treated for 1 year and in four of five patients treated for 6 months. IFN treatment was well tolerated. Although the histologic scores of the two groups were similar at entry into the study, after 12 months the biopsy appearances in the treated group were significantly improved compared with the controls (P less than .01). Histologic improvement was noted in the three interferon-treated human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive patients and also in other patients who had no biochemical response. We conclude that low-dose recombinant IFN alpha is effective in normalizing transaminases and improving the histologic appearances in at least 50% of hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis C.
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PMID:A randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis C in hemophiliacs. 191 56

Liver biopsy specimens from 95 patients with chronic active hepatitis type B were studied to define the incidence of portal tract and/or septal neutrophilic infiltration and its relationship with other morphohistologic factors and with liver function tests. Neutrophils were identified in the portal tracts and fibrous septa in 59 cases (62%), among which 19 cases (20%) showed four or more neutrophils per high-power field. Significant neutrophilic infiltration (greater than 6 per high-power field) was observed in only seven (7.4%) of 95 cases. Multiple-regression analysis revealed that neutrophilic infiltration was significantly associated with marginal duct proliferation, bile duct proliferation, and an elevated alanine aminotransferase level. Applying a partial correlation coefficient, it was shown that neutrophilic infiltration was not related to piecemeal necrosis after controlling for marginal duct proliferation or bile duct proliferation. The findings suggest that in chronic active hepatitis B, while piecemeal necrosis interferes with bile flow at the limiting plate region, marginal duct and bile duct proliferations follow and lead to the accumulation of neutrophils.
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PMID:Neutrophils in chronic active hepatitis type B. 192 89

We examined serologically and immunohistochemically the new carbohydrate antigen CA-50 to clarify the mechanism of its high serum value and clinical significance in several liver diseases. The subjects included 145 patients with benign liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The serum CA-50 value was high in chronic active hepatitis with lobular disorganization, liver cirrhosis and HCC. It was not correlated with serum levels of GPT nor gamma-GTP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that proliferated bile ductules showed mainly positive staining in all subjects, whereas hepatoma cells were negative. The proliferated bile ductules with positive staining for CA-50 were quantified by an original method. The number of the proliferated bile ductules with positive staining for CA-50 was significantly correlated with the serum CA-50 value (r = 0.62, P less than 0.05). In the FPLC analysis, there was no significant difference between the expression pattern and molecular weight of CA-50 in liver diseases and pancreatic cancer. Also no difference in the carbohydrate structure that coexisted with CA-50 was detected in the ConA or LCA affinity column study. It was suggested that the increase of carbohydrate antigen CA-50 in several liver diseases might reflect the proliferation of bile ductules, and that the structure of CA-50 in benign liver diseases does not differ from that of CA-50 from patients with pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:[Serological and immunohistochemical evaluation of new carbohydrate antigen CA-50 in several liver diseases]. 196 7

Twenty of 320 patients with Wilson's disease initially presented with chemical and laboratory features of chronic active hepatitis, confirmed histologically in 17. When first seen, cirrhosis was present in all 20 and was complicated by ascites and/or jaundice in 11. Within 1 week to 8 years of the onset of over liver disease the diagnosis of Wilson's disease was established, and treatment with D-penicillamine was promptly initiated in 19 patients. One man refused treatment and died 4 months later. Treated patients received D-penicillamine or trientine for a total of 264 patient-years (median, 14 patient-years). Abnormal water retention, for which salt restriction and diuretics were added to penicillamine or trientine, disappeared in all but 1 of the patients so affected. Symptomatic improvement and virtually normal levels of serum albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase followed within 1 year in the majority of subjects. One woman died after 9 months of treatment. Two patients, who became noncompliant with the therapeutic regimen after 9 and 17 years of successful pharmacological treatment, required liver transplants. These results indicate that the prognosis of specifically treated Wilsonian chronic active hepatitis is very good in spite of the presence of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Prognosis of Wilsonian chronic active hepatitis. 199 98


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