Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

The determination of enzyme activity in serum for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis has become increasingly popular. According to the author's experience serum aminotransferase is raised in about 100% of cases of chronic active hepatitis and also in active cirrhosis, but in only about 70--80% of persisting hepatitis or in moderately active chronic hepatitis. They are frequently normal in inactive cirrhosis. After aminotransferases the alkaline phosphatase is of great importance for the differential diagnosis of icterus. If aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase are determined at the same time, every cholestatic icterus can be diagnosed with certainty.
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PMID:[Clinical enzyme diagnosis in chronic hepatitis. Possibilities and limitations (author's transl)]. 10 40

In a study of persistent abnormalities of liver-function tests in hemophilic patients deficient in factor VIII or IX and treated with factor VIII or IX concentrates, we examined 14 liver biopsies from 13 anti-HBs-positive patients. None had any symptoms of liver disease. All had chronically abnormal levels of alanine aminotransferase. Histologic studies showed chronic persistent hepatitis in eight patients, chronic active hepatitis in four and fatty infiltration with portal fibrosis in one. Indirect immunofluorescence of antiserums containing anti-HBs or anti-HBc (or both) revealed nuclear and cytoplasmic fluorescence in the hepatocytes of eight of 12 patients. Specificity testing of these antiserums confirmed that hepatitis B viral markers are present in the hepatocytes of these anti-HBs-positive patients. These histologic derangements are probably related to frequent treatment with blood products obtained from multiple donors and to the persistance of hepatitis B virus in hepatocytes despite the presence of circulating anti-HBs.
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PMID:Asymptomatic structural liver disease in hemophilia. 34 86

In a study of apparently normal, healthy Korean Army recruits performed in 1962, we found that 42 of 1,906 screened subjects had elevations of their serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase. Liver biopsies were obtained from 32 of these subjects and 9 of these had a "novel" antigen present, which reacted specifically with a convalescent serum from a case of serum hepatitis. We have recently tested frozen serum obtained from 8/9 of these cases and found that all 8 had HBsAg in their serum which, in some cases, persisted for at least three months. We reviewed the histological specimens from the original 32 cases using newly defined criteria: 18 were diagnosed as chronic active hepatitis and the 8 HbsAg positive cases with the "novel" antigen were in this group. In four of these cases the lesion appeared to progress to cirrhosis during a 3--4 month follow-up period. Since none of the cases had a prior history of hepatitis and no symptoms developed during the follow-up period, our findings emphasize the significance of chronic hepatitis B virus carrier state in the etiology of cryptogenic cirrhosis.
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PMID:The etiology of chronic active hepatitis in Korea. 37 25

Twenty-six of 388 patients (6.7%) followed prospectively after open-heart surgery developed non-A, non-B hepatitis. Of these 26, 12 had an elevated (often fluctuating) serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) for greater than 1 year. Liver biopsy, done in eight of 12, showed chronic active hepatitis in six and chronic persistent hepatitis in two; one patient with chronic active hepatitis had early cirrhosis. Anicteric patients with peak SGPT greater then 300 IU/L were at greatest risk of developing chronic hepatitis. Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was symptomatically mild and unaccompanied by physical signs or laboratory evidence of autoimmune disease or severe chronic liver disease. In all 12 patients there was spontaneous improvement in serum transaminase over a period of 1 to 3 years, and four patients had sustained normalization of SGPT. Thus chronic active hepatitis is a common sequela of acute non-A, non-B hepatitis but may have a better prognosis than chronic active hepatitis of other causes.
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PMID:The chronic sequelae of non-A, non-B hepatitis. 46 17

Six patients suffering from chronic liver disease attributed to oxyphenisatin ingestion are presented. They seem to be the first such cases reported in France. These patients were between 22 and 69 years old, 5 of them were female. Three patients had a chronic active hepatitis (CAH). In these three subjects the onset of the illness was a jaundice ; alanine transaminase (ALAT) exceeded 5 times the upper limit of the normal value ; smooth muscle antibodies were present in 2 patients and antinuclear antibodies in the third. Two other patients had cirrhosis, without chronic active hepatitis ; none presented autoantibodies. The sixth patient suffered from a subacute hepatitis, suggested by the presence of jaundice and ascites, high levels of serum ALAT and a very prolonged prothrombin time ; smooth muscle antibodies were present. In all cases, HBs Ag was absent from serum. Each patient had ingested laxative pills containing oxyphenisatin for 4 to 25 years ; the total amount ingested was comprised between 12.5 and 350 g. The chronic liver diseases reported in this series closely resemble those published in the literature. The lesions observed make it necessary to look for oxyphenisatin ingestion in every patient having CAH or cirrhosis without known etiology. These chronic liver diseases imply the rapid withdrawal of oxyphenisatin from french market, as already enforced in Australia and the United States.
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PMID:[Oxyphenisatin, a laxative responsible for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, still marketed in France (author's transl)]. 50 28

In olfacto-odorimetrical examinations of 32 patients with chronic liver diseases (18 female and 14 male patients at the age of 23 to 77 years) 13 patients with a disturbed olfactory function were found. With one exclusion these patients suffered from liver cirrhosis. On the basis of the anamnesis in 10 of these patients a causal connection between disturbance of smelling and liver disease could be assumed. Out of this group with chronic active hepatitis of 10 patients only 1 patient had a disturbed olfactory function. In 8 patients with disturbed olfactory function suffering from liver cirrhosis a comparison of the olfactometrical findings with activity of GOT and GPT in the serum and the serum bilirubin content showed a correlation between possibilitiy of smelling and serum bilirubin level. Possible causes of appearing olfactory disturbances are demonstrated in short.
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PMID:[Functional study on the sense of smell in patients with chronic liver disease]. 102 Mar 83

A 78-year-old woman with liver damage resembling chronic active hepatitis and occuring during long-term nitrofurantoin treatment is described. On admission to hospital she displayed jaundice, ascites and high serum levels of GOT, GPT, bilirubin and gamma-globulin as well as high titres of ANF and antibodies against smooth muscle cells. After withdrawal of nitrofurantoin the clinical and laboratory picture normalized without corticosteroid treatment, suggesting that the liver reaction was drug-induced.
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PMID:A nitrofurantoin-induced disorder simulating chronic active hepatitis. A case report. 125 4

The effectiveness of a daily continuous infusion of interferon-alpha was evaluated in 12 patients (10 males, 2 females; mean age of 33 years, range 19-62) with biopsy-proven chronic active hepatitis C. Nine million units (MU) of recombinant interferon-alpha 2A (rIFN-alpha 2A) were administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion with a portable syringe pump, Graseby model MS 16A, for 24 h over 28 days. A significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in median serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed after the first week of treatment (96 IU/L, range 58-263) with respect to the pre-treatment values (188 IU/L, range 119-670). ALT became normal in four patients only by the fourth week. When IFN was interrupted, an increase in ALT was observed in all patients (1.5 to 5 times the pre-treatment values). The maximum decrease in ALT coincided with a significant increase in serum levels of the enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase (two to fourteen times the pretreatment values) and these parameters were inverse-correlated (r = -0.598, P less than 0.05). 2-5A synthetase levels returned to pre-treatment values after discontinuing IFN administration. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA (as detected by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers of the NS5 region) was positive in all cases, remaining so during the treatment period. IgM antibody to HCV (as tested by ELISA) was present in 10/12 cases at baseline without changes throughout the study. No irreversible side effects were noted during therapy, which needed to modify the schedule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of chronic hepatitis C by continuous subcutaneous infusion of interferon-alpha. 133 10

The natural history of chronic hepatitis B patients who spontaneously cleared serum HBsAg was investigated. A total of 351 patients with chronic hepatitis B were observed in our hospital for at least 3 yr. Seven of these patients became HBsAg negative during the follow-up period. HBsAg disappeared within 6 mo (range = 11 to 169 days, mean = 70 days) after acute elevation of ALT. ALT levels as high as 500 IU were found in three patients, whereas such elevation was not demonstrated in the other four patients. After the disappearance of HBsAg, ALT levels returned to normal in all patients. With one exception, all patients seroconverted to antibody to HBsAg; however, hepatitis B virus DNA remained detectable in serum using the polymerase chain reaction in five patients. The titer of percent inhibition of antibody to HBcAg gradually decreased to less than 70% when a 1:200 dilution of the serum of six patients was used. Four of the patients had active liver disease develop: two had chronic active hepatitis and two had cirrhosis. Three of these four patients subsequently had hepatocellular carcinoma develop. These findings suggest that patients may suffer complications of chronic hepatitis even after normalization of transaminase activities and after the clearance of HBsAg. Thus hepatitis B virus should be considered as a possible factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma even in the absence of HBsAg, particularly if serum hepatitis B virus DNA persists.
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PMID:Clearance of HBsAg in seven patients with chronic hepatitis B. 133 20


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