Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gamma-GT, which appears as a sensitive indicator in the enzyme pattern during postoperative examination, is especially recommended (besides the GOT and GPT enzymes) in detecting and watching the course of hepatocellular lesions. Distinction between parenchymatous and obstructive icterus can in some cases be made at an early stage by comparison with AP. Distinction between increases in biliary and ossal AP activity is possible with the help of Gamma-GT. Where liver metastases are suspected clinically, increased Gamma-GT activity makes metastization into the liver appear likely.
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PMID:[The influence of surgery on serum enzyme changes]. 1 33

Certain biochemical serum parameters: GOT, GPT, LAP, HK, AP and Regan isoenzyme, GGTP, CE, ESR, Weltman test, thymol test, serum bilirubin and urine urobilogen were determined in 39 patients with different localization of malignant processes in the abdominal cavity (stomach, large intestines, pancreas, ovaries). The patients were subdivided into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of liver metastases, confirmed at laparatomy, laparascopy or necropsy material examination. The results revealed that in patients with liver metastases AP, CE, GOT, GGTP, ESR and Weltman test are most commonly and simultaneously abnormal. In patients without liver metastases, those indices are also changed but to a lesser degree, whereas LAP and Regan isoenyzme are with elevated activity in a higher per cent of these cases, than in the patients with liver metastases, being in unison with literature data. The determination of the above biochemical parameters could direct the clinicist to the presence of liver metastases but the more reliable diagnostic methods as laparascopy and laparatomy cannot be substituted for.
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PMID:[Clinical chemical parameter changes in patients with liver metastases]. 3 54

Factors influencing spontaneous survival in 49 patients with liver metastases after cancer in colon/rectum were evaluated. In addition the same evaluation was performed in 12 patients treated with 5-Fluoro-uracil systemically of intraarterially in the hepatic artery. Alkaline phosphatases, elevated more than 4 times normal values, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, or jaundice are all unfavorable prognostic signs in the spontaneous group. In the 5-Fluoro-uracil treated group only elevated serum dilirubin had the same unfavorable prognostic sign. Even though it seems to be an increased survival time in the 5-Fluoro-uracil treated group it is concluded that metastases to the liver from cancer in colon/rectum assume to be more or less resistent to 5-Fluoro-uracil.
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PMID:Survival among patients with liver metastases from cancer of the colon and rectum. 106 29

To ascertain modifications in the activation products derived from oxygen free radicals in patients with chronic pancreatic and extra-pancreatic diseases, lipid peroxide activity was measured in the sera of 40 control subjects, 28 patients with pancreatic cancer, 49 with chronic pancreatitis, and 53 with extra-pancreatic diseases. In 142 of the subjects, elastase 1, amylase, and pancreatic isoamylase activities were also determined. Increased lipid peroxide activities were found in some patients with both chronic pancreatic and extra-pancreatic diseases. Patients with chronic pancreatitis studied during relapse had higher activities of lipid peroxides than those without active disease. No difference was found between the values in patients with pancreatic cancer with liver metastases and those without. Correlations were found between lipid peroxides and both amylase and pancreatic isoamylase activities; no correlation was detected between lipid peroxides and elastase 1. In benign biliary tract disease a correlation was detected between lipid peroxides and alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities. In all patients, however, a correlation was found between alkaline phosphatase and lipid peroxide activities. It is concluded that activation of oxygen derived free radicals occurs in chronic pancreatic as well as in extra-pancreatic disease; it seems to reflect the degree of inflammation.
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PMID:Oxygen derived free radicals in patients with chronic pancreatic and other digestive diseases. 169 29

Postoperative intraportal anti-cancer chemotherapy was used for 51 patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer who were selected in the randomized controlled study to evaluate its inhibitory effect on liver metastasis from colo-rectal cancer. In cases of intraportal chemotherapy, 30 mg of Mitomycin-C (in 3 doses) and 5 mg/kg (B.W.)/day (1985-1986) or 3 mg/kg/day (1987-1988) of 5-FU was injected through the catheter inserted into the portal vein during postoperative 14 days. In cases of the control group (58 patients), the same doses of the drugs were injected into the peripheral vein during the same term. Six patients with recurrences were observed in the intraportal chemotherapy group, and 3 of them had liver metastases. In the control group, more liver metastases were observed (5 of 7 recurrences were liver metastases). Intraportally injected 5 mg/kg/day of 5-FU slightly disturbed the liver function. The averages of the serum GOT, GPT and gamma-GTP level of these cases were higher than those of the control cases. Three mg/kg/day of intraportally injected 5-FU had no influence on the liver function. There were no differences in the incidence of leukocytopenia or thrombocytopenia between the two groups.
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PMID:[Effects of prophylactic intraportal chemotherapy on liver function, blood profile and survival in patients with colo-rectal cancer]. 250 34

Over a 9-year period, major resection was successfully performed on 51 occasions with total vascular exclusion using supra- and infrahepatic caval and portal vein clamping. The main indications for hepatic resection were centrally located tumor in liver metastases (62%) and hepatocellular carcinoma with no evidence of co-existing cirrhosis (25%). Major resections included extended and regular right hepatectomy, extended left hepatectomy, and segmentectomy. The mean duration of vascular exclusion was 46.5 +/- 5.0 minutes (range 20 to 70 minutes) and mean blood transfusion requirement was 1.4 +/- 0.4 units during vascular exclusion. There were significant correlations between postoperative fall in factor II levels and the number of segments removed (r = 0.37, p = 0.015) and between serum alanine aminotransferase levels at day 2 and the duration of vascular exclusion (r = 0.35, p = 0.02). One patient died 45 days after the procedure of multi-organ failure and sepsis. Nonfatal complications occurred in 7 patients (14%) and included respiratory infection (7 patients), biliary fistula (3 patients), and collection at the site of hepatic resection (3 patients). Total vascular exclusion is a safe and useful technique in resection of major hepatic lesions that involve hepatic veins.
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PMID:Major hepatic resection under total vascular exclusion. 274 11

The serum enzyme pattern, consisting of GOT, GPT, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase, was investigated in 128 patients with sonographically verified liver metastases. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase turned out to be the most sensitive enzymes, being elevated in 89% and 88%, respectively. The GOT was elevated in 45% GPT in 37.5% and lactate dehydrogenase in 56% of all cases. The enzyme elevation did not correlate with the degree of liver involvement. In conclusion, pathological serum enzyme patterns are useful for the detection and follow up of liver metastases. Normal serum enzyme levels do not rule out the presence of liver metastases.
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PMID:[Pathologic enzyme patterns in sonographically verified liver metastases]. 332 97

A phase II study of DTIC was carried out with a response rate (CR and PR) of 24.2%. Metastases to liver, lymph nodes and subcutaneous tissues were susceptible to the drug. Most of the adverse reactions observed were upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea in 15.4%, vomiting in 5.8% and anorexia in 3.8%. Alterations in white blood cells, red blood cells or platelets exceeding Grade 2 were not observed. As for biochemistry, GOT was increased in 25.0% and GPT in 28.2%. However, these were mild and transient changes, disappearing in 3 to 4 weeks. The results seem to reproduce those of various U.S. group studies.
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PMID:[Phase II study of decarbazine (DTIC) in malignant melanoma. DTIC Research Group]. 370 54

Clinical, serological and lymphocyte studies were done on 435 patients with biopsy proved anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in various clinical status, at the National Taiwan University Hospital, from January 1980 through June 1983. Studies on 134 normal control were also done. Using immunofluorescent antibody method, seropsitive rates of the antibody titers against viral capsid antigens (VCA) and early antigens (EA) of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus were 70.8%-100% for anti-VCA/IgG titers (greater than or equal to 1:640), 81.0%-100% for anti-VCA/IgA titers (greater than or equal to 1:40), 66.7%-93.8% for anti-EA/IgG titers (greater than or equal to 1:160), and 40.0%-87.5% for anti-EA/IgA titers (greater than or equal to 1:40) in NPC patients with disease. They decreased to 10.5%-21.7% in remission patients. In contrast, they were less than 5% in the control. Mean total serum IgG and IgA levels were moderately increased to around 1,500 mg/dl and 300 mg/dl respectively, in all patients. The increase was most remarkable in patients with liver metastases. In control the values were 1,211 mg/dl and 223 mg/dl, respectively. Mean serum IgM, C3 and C4 amounts of NPC patients were not significantly different from those of the normal control, the latter were 129, 80.3 and 43.2 mg/dl, respectively. Serum acid phosphatase and calcium levels of NPC patients were all in the normal range of 0.1-2.0 BU/ml and 2.0-3.0 mmol/dl, respectively. Serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and mucoprotein were elevated either alone or in combination in some patients before treatment, in many patients with neck recurrence or distant metastases, but in all patients with liver metastases. Using monoclonal antibodies (Ortho Inc., U.S.A.) to define lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes comprised about 12% and T lymphocytes about 60% in the patients, whereas they were 11.9% and 73.1% in the control. The helper/suppressor ratio was 1.7 in the control and about 1.0 in NPC patients, and was only 0.8 in remission patients. The lack of correlation between the seropositive rates of anti-VCA antibodies and the helper/suppressor ratio might indicate different manifestations of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with NPC.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 608 49

We determined the serum molybdenum concentration by neutron activation analysis in apparently healthy subjects and in patients with diseases of the liver and biliary system. The level was found to be markedly elevated in the initial phase of acute viral hepatitis (mean +/- S.D. 3.10 +/- 1.46 ng/ml vs. 0.55 +/- 0.21 in controls) and to return to normal during convalescence, in parallel with the liver function tests. The most significant correlations were found between the serum molybdenum concentration and the serum levels of GOT ( r = 0.710, p less than 0.001) and GPT (r = 0.683, p less than 0.001). Besides, the serum molybdenum level (mean +/- S.D.) was observed to be definitely increased in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis (0.97 +/- 0.49 ng/ml), HBsAg-positive liver cirrhosis (1.01 +/- 0.50), alcoholic liver disease (1.32 +/- 0.56), liver metastases (1.40 +/-0.39), gallstones (1.28 +/- 0.38), tumors of the gallbladder or extrahepatic bile ducts (1.64 +/- 0.44), and carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (1.61 +/- 0.91). Finally, the serum molybdenum level was found to be raised in two patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in two out of four patients with drug-induced liver injury. The etiologic mechanism and the clinical importance of the observed abnormality remain to be established. Our study enlarges the existing information concerning the disorders of trace element metabolism in liver diseases.
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PMID:Serum molybdenum in diseases of the liver and biliary system. 720 61


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