Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conventional staging in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is only of limited prognostic value and is often based on elaborate investigations. We have carried out univariate and multivariate analysis of possible prognostic factors at presentation in 333 consecutive patients with SCLC. Fifteen parameters were found to have individual prognostic significance, of which the most powerful were serum albumin, bone marrow aspirate, disease extent and performance status (all P less than 0.00005). Factors which were not of prognostic significance included age, sex, SVC obstruction, and pleural involvement. Multivariate analysis excluded many factors including bone marrow aspirate as not being independently variable, and a simple combination of clinical performance status, serum albumin and alanine transaminase could be used to define 3 groups (good; medium; poor) of better prognostic significance (survival at 1 year 50% vs. 27% vs. 3%) than conventional limited/extensive disease staging (1 year survival 48% vs. 18%). Other simple combinations of biochemical parameters including plasma sodium and alkaline phosphatase achieved almost as good prognostic groupings. We suggest that consideration should be given to replacing the conventional limited/extensive disease staging system with a simpler system along the lines we have described.
...
PMID:Prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: a simple prognostic index is better than conventional staging. 282 70

Forty six children suffering from Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) were classified according to the Wellcome classification. Their aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured. Aspartate aminotransferase was raised in 20 patients (43.5%) and alanine aminotransferase was raised in 12 patients (26%). Y-glutamyl transferase was raised in only one patient suffering from marasmic kwashiorkor, who, in contrast to the rest of the patients had a marked rise in aminotransferases. The aminotransferase elevation correlated positively with a Severity Index calculated from height and weight retardation and serum albumin levels. It is suggested that the moderate rise in aminotransferases found in PEM is not due to damage to the liver. However, marked enzyme elevations can occur in a small minority of patients, suggestive of liver injury, probably caused by hepatotoxins.
...
PMID:Serum aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in protein energy malnutrition. 286 77

Controversial data concerning thyroid function in chronic alcoholics prompted us to evaluate some aspects of thyroxine transport and metabolism in these patients. We studied 45 patients with a history of alcohol consumption of at least 160 g a day for 10 years or more. Only patients without clinical and histopathological evidence of chronic liver disease have been included in the study. All patients were clinically euthyroid and there was no history of thyroid disease. Serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were measured by radioimmunoassay methods within 48 hours of admission and after 30 day of alcohol abstinence. At admission the mean values of T4 and TBG in alcoholics were significantly reduced when compared to those of healthy controls (6.8 +/- 1.4 vs 8.4 +/- 1.2 micrograms/dl; p less than 0.01 and 17.5 +/- 3.2 vs 20.5 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml; p less than 0.01). Contrarily FT4 levels did not differ significantly between the groups (9.8 +/- 1.6 vs 10.8 +/- pg/ml). A close relationship between T4 and TBG (r = 0.684; p less than 0.0001) demonstrated that the decrease of T4 in alcoholics depended on a decrease in circulating TBG. We could not find any correlation between TBG and serum albumin, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and mean corpuscular volume. Indeed there was a strong relationship between TBG and mean daily alcoholic intake (r = 0.712; p less than 0.0001). T4 and TBG increase rapidly during withdrawal and after 30 days of abstinence their values did not differ significantly from those of healthy controls. In conclusion these data provide evidence that alcohol abuse causes a decrease in T4 which depends on a decrease in circulation TBG and is not associated with a reduction of FT4. Such "low TBG syndrome" seems to be due more probably to a primary effect of alcoholic on TBG synthesis that to the liver injury secondary to the alcohol abuse.
...
PMID:[Low T4 syndrome in alcoholism: role of the decrease in TBG]. 287 25

The presence and the level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)/IgM complexes were determined in 54 chronic HBsAg carriers in relation to receptors for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA-R) tested by specific radioimmunoassay, and to hepatitis B virus-DNA polymerase (HBV-DNAp). HBsAg/IgM complexes, correlated significantly with the HBsAg concentration but, at a similar HBsAg concentration, significant highest values of HBsAg/IgM complexes were found among HBeAg positive patients. In addition, a significant correlation was found between HBsAg/IgM complex levels, HBeAg titres and HBV-DNAp activity (r = 0.628, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.559, p less than 0.001, respectively). Moreover, a positive linear correlation was found when comparing HBsAg/IgM complexes and pHSA-R levels (r = 0.848, p less than 0.001). Patients who were positive for HBsAg/IgM complexes had a significantly higher glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) level than those who did not show any complexes. In conclusion, HBsAg/IgM complexes seemed to be indirectly related to HBV replication.
...
PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen/IgM complexes: relation to receptors for polymerized human serum albumin, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase activity and HBV markers. 288 20

We evaluated physicians' laboratory utilization patterns for hospitalized patients with alcoholic liver disease and examined the relationship between the frequency of test ordering and certain variables in clinical outcome. During the study, 185 patients with alcoholic liver disease were hospitalized 378 times at the VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California. Physicians ordered liver panels (including serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) an average of 7.4 times per hospitalization. Increased biochemical testing did not decrease length of stay or improve clinical outcomes such as development of complications or survival of hospitalization. Since the treatment of alcoholic liver disease is largely supportive and not dependent upon frequent biochemical testing, we recommend that these tests be ordered only when patients are admitted to or discharged from the hospital, and when there has been a clinical change.
...
PMID:Biochemical testing in patients with alcoholic liver disease. 292 22

Fourteen children with biopsy-proven membranous nephropathy associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV-MN) were evaluated biochemically and serologically and compared to 45 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The mean ages of the two groups were similar (4.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.6 years). Serum albumin levels were similar in both groups, but serum cholesterol was significantly reduced in children with HBV-MN compared to INS. Serum C3 was also significantly depressed in children with HBV-MN compared to INS, but no differences in C4 levels were noted. Serum alanine transaminase as well as aspartate transaminase concentrations were significantly elevated in children with HBV-MN compared to those with INS, suggesting the presence of chronic hepatitis in children with HBV-MN. Hepatitis B surface and e antigens were present in serum of all children with HBV-MN, but only 54% had circulating HBV-DNA particles demonstrable in their serum. Serum C3 levels were higher in children with HBV-MN and circulating HBV-DNA, compared to those without circulating HBV-DNA. No other serological or biochemical differences occurred between these two groups. Glomerular deposition of IgG and C3 occurred in 91% of children with HBV-MN; but IgM deposition appeared to occur more frequently and with greater intensity in those children positive for circulating HBV-DNA. Antibody to delta antigen was negative in all children with HBV-MN. We conclude that biochemical and serological differences can be identified between HBV-MN and INS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Biochemical and serological characteristics of children with membranous nephropathy due to hepatitis B virus infection: correlation with hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B DNA and hepatitis D. 304 Dec 94

Seventy-four patients with beta-thalassemia major were studied to test the hypothesis that a deficiency of protein C (PC) and antithrombin III (AT III), both antithrombotic proteins, could contribute to the pathogenesis of CNS thromboembolic lesions. In 70 patients, PC levels were found to be significantly lower than normal, whereas AT III activity was found to be lower only in 41 patients. The lowest values of PC and AT III were found in older splenectomized patients, a low PC value only was found in chronic hepatitis patients. Prothrombin time and fibrinogen were found to be particularly abnormal in patients with chronic hepatitis and without spleen. A relatively poor correlation was observed between PC and AT III (p less than 0.02). PC correlated with age (p less than 0.001), transfusional iron (p less than 0.001) and ferritin (p less than 0.001). It also correlated with serum albumin (p less than 0.001), prothrombin time (p less than 0.001) and fibrinogen (p less than 0.02) and with serum transaminases (GPT) (p less than 0.001). The same indexes correlated less significantly with AT III activity. Nevertheless, only 2 of our patients had CNS thromboembolic complications. It is probable that low clotting factors, hyperfibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia (which are common in chronic liver disease) could have the opposite effect on hemostasis from that of low levels of anticoagulant proteins such as PC and AT III.
...
PMID:Protein C and antithrombin III in polytransfused thalassemic patients. 310 18

The isolated perfused rabbit liver was used to determine how continuous hypothermic perfusion affected liver function. Rabbit livers were perfused for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hr at 5 degrees C with the UW perfusate containing hydroxyethyl starch (5 g%) dissolved in a solution containing gluconate (80 mM), adenosine (5 mM), glutathione (3 mM), phosphate (25 mM), and additives as described previously, and they were used successfully for kidney preservation. At the end of preservation the livers were perfused in an isolated circuit with a Krebs-Henseleit solution with addition of 4 g% bovine serum albumin and 10 mM glucose at 38 degrees C for 120 min. Bile was collected from the cannulated common duct. Biliary excretions of indocyanine green and liver enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, were determined both in the cold perfusate and the normothermic perfusate. Livers were also studied after pretreatment of the donor with chlorpromazine (CPZ) and/or methylprednisolone (MP). Bile production (ml/120 min, 100 g liver) upon reperfusion produced the most interesting data and decreased from a control value of 10.3 +/- 2.6 to 9.3 +/- 1.0 (24 hr), 5.3 +/- 0.7 (48 hr), and 4.1 +/- 1.5 (72 hr). Enzyme release was not predictive of the degree of preservation-induced damage. Pretreatment of rabbits with a combination of CPZ/MP improved bile flow at 48 and 72 hr (8.3 +/- 3.0 and 7.0 +/- 1.3, P less than 0.05). Pretreatment with either drug alone also improved function after 72 hr of preservation (7.1 +/- 1.8, CPZ; 8.2 +/- 3.5, MP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Effects of chlorpromazine and methylprednisolone on perfusion preservation of rabbit livers. 319 35

Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, when exposed to soluble or particulate stimuli, can destroy various types of cells. The aim of this study was to investigate their toxicity against hepatocytes. Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were incubated in basal conditions and after stimulation with 5 mg per ml opsonized zymosan in the presence of rat hepatocytes isolated by collagenase digestion. Cytotoxicity was quantified by the percentage of ALT activity released by hepatocytes in culture medium. Whereas unstimulated neutrophils exhibited only minor effects, opsonized zymosan-stimulated neutrophils induced, after 16 hr incubation, a 24.0 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- 1 S.E.) ALT activity release at a neutrophil/hepatocyte ratio of 5, and a 51.7 +/- 6.8% ALT activity release at a ratio of 20. At this ratio of 20, the ALT activity release was 9.0% at 1 hr and 24.0% at 4 hr. Three proteinase inhibitors (i.e., soybean trypsin inhibitor, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and fetal calf serum) decrease cytotoxicity by 78, 76 and 78%, respectively. The protective effect of proteinase inhibitors was not due to a nonspecific effect of proteins, since bovine serum albumin did not decrease the toxicity of stimulated polymorphonuclear cells. The supernatant of stimulated neutrophils was also found to be toxic against hepatocytes, and again, this effect was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and fetal calf serum. Finally, the role of proteinases was supported by the demonstration of a cytotoxic effect of two purified proteinases: porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil cathepsin G. The toxicity of these proteinases was also markedly reduced by the specific inhibitors used in the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:In vitro toxicity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to rat hepatocytes: evidence for a proteinase-mediated mechanism. 328 86

Rabbit livers were stored cold for periods of 6 or 24 hr and tested using the isolated perfused liver model. Five solutions were tested: Eurocollins (EC), Ross and Marshall's hypertonic citrate (HC), modified plasma protein fraction (Cambridge PPF), Ringer lactate, and the recently developed "University of Wisconsin" (UW) solution. After storage livers were perfused with an erythrocyte-free oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 4% bovine serum albumin at 38 degrees C for 2 hr. Bile production proved to be the most sensitive index of liver function for discriminating between the various storage solutions and the different preservation times. After 6 hr of cold storage, bile production was similar to control liver bile production (9.8 +/- 2.4 ml/2 hr/100 g) in livers stored in HC (8.8 +/- 2 ml), PPF (9.9 +/- 2.2 ml), and UW (10.3 +/- 1.9 ml); it was slightly depressed in EC (6.7 +/- 2.5 ml, P = 0.06), and markedly depressed in Ringer lactate (4.3 +/- 0.8 ml, P less than 0.05). After 24 hr of cold storage bile production in UW-stored livers was near normal (9.3 +/- 0.7 ml) but significantly depressed (3.5-6.2 ml) in all other solutions tested. Release of enzymes into the normothermic perfusate was also measured (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase). In this small series the differences between cold storage solutions did not always reach statistical significance although the trend was for less enzyme release in livers stored in UW solution. This technique permits rapid assessment and refinement of new storage methods and new solutions for liver preservation prior to testing in a large animal transplant model. The results suggest that UW solution is superior to other preservation solutions and would permit successful 24-hr storage of livers.
...
PMID:A comparison of cold storage solutions for hepatic preservation using the isolated perfused rabbit liver. 340 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---