Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined the molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine (BTR) in plasma and in serum by enzymatic method and compared it with Fischer ratio (the molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine and phenylalanine) in plasma obtained by conventional HPLC method. BTR in plasma and in serum was well correlated with plasma Fischer ratio. The normal range (mean +/- 2SD) of BTR was determined to be 4.41-10.05 in 210 normal subjects. In addition, we investigated the distribution of BTR values in patients with various liver diseases. BTR value decreased according to the severity of liver disease. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of BTR in patients with chronic liver diseases by cumulative distribution analysis (CDA) graph and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The area under the curve for BTR analyzed by ROC for CH versus LC.HCC group was the highest (86.3%) of any for various concurrently-measured liver function tests, and was significantly higher than AST/ALT, ALT, AST, gamma-GT (each, p less than 0.001) and ALB (p less than 0.05). These diagnostic results showed that BTR is a superior indicator in discriminating between liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:[The clinical usefulness of the molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine (BTR) in discriminating stage of chronic liver diseases]. 151 41

A sandwich ELISA system for detecting vascular basement membrane associated collagen (BAC) was developed. Serum levels of BAC were determined in patients with liver diseases (N = 53), various cancers (N = 65) and other diseases (399). Serum levels of procollagen type III (PIIIP) amino propeptide, type IV collagen.7s domain (7s domain) and other parameters (TP, ALB, GOT, GPT, CHE, gamma-GTP, ALP, LDH, CHE, TG, GLU) were also determined in those patients. In the whole patients, serum concentrations of BAC showed a weak correlation with GOT, GPT, ALB and CHE but not with gamma-GTP and ALP. There was no correlation between BAC and PIIIP or 7s domain. Although serum levels of BAC were elevated in both liver diseases and cancers, the increase in liver diseases was more marked. Markedly increased serum levels of BAC with low levels of CHE were found only in liver cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis plus hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased BAC may reflect capillarization of the liver sinusoid or remodeling of the vascular basement membrane which is observed in the progression of liver fibrosis. Serum BAC is thought to be a promising new marker, different from PIIIP or 7s domain for diagnosing fibrosis state in the organs, particularly in the liver.
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PMID:[Serum level of vascular basement membrane associated collagen by the sandwich ELISA with monoclonal antibodies and its clinical significance in various diseases]. 170 45

The purpose of this study is to examine effects of hyperoxic gas mixtures on changes of blood indices during bicycle exercise of human. Oxygen-enriched gases (30% O2) were inspired during the ramp load exercise of 25 watt/min. Changes of blood indices were analyzed with Sequential Multiple Analyzer with the computer (SMAC). The improvement of exercise performance were discussed about relationship between function of hyperoxic gas and physiological mechanism. Three experimental conditions were set as follows (I) 30% O2 +N2 gases balance, (II) air (21% O2), and (III) 30% O2 +2% CO2 +N2 gases balance. Arterial blood were sampled from the radial artery of the forearm in order to analyze following items; 1) pH level, PaO2, PaCO2, and HCO3 of these blood gases, 2) Blood sugar, TG, and F-CH of the blood contents, 3) red blood corpuscle, white blood corpuscle, Hb, and Ht values, 4) LDH, CK, GOT, and GPT of the blood enzymes, 5) TP, ALB, Na, K, Ca and Cl of the electric ions. In the case of inspiring hyperoxic gases, the recovery rate of blood indices increased after this ramp load exercise remarkably, and the whole exercise metabolism were removed from acidosis tendency to alkalosis value of the resting condition significantly. At hyperoxic experimental conditions, the blood sugar and oxygen consumption were much more decreased than these at normal oxygen content one during both states of exercise and recovery times. These data of the blood indices would support strongly to the hypothesis that improvement of oxygen delivery should be depended upon the enhanced performance with the hyperoxic gases. There might be effects of the hyperoxia on the cellular metabolism and on function of the vascular muscle during those aerobic exercise.
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PMID:[Effects of breathing high concentrations of oxygen on changes in blood indices during bicycle exercise]. 238 13

In order to clarify the toxicity of the antineoplastic drugs, bleomycin (BLM), peplomycin (PEP) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), which are commonly used to treat head and neck cancer by simultaneous administration, the semiacute toxicity of each of these drugs in rats was studied as an initial step. Body-weight change, general behavior, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), serum biochemistry (s-GOT, s-GPT, BUN, GLU, ALB, TP), A/G ratio, relative organ weight and histopathological features were determined. BLM and PEP given by ip administration once a week produced severe diarrhea, decreased diet consumption, emaciation, piloerection and loss of hair, enhancements of RBC and WBC, several changes in serum biochemistry, proliferation and mitosis of epithelial cells in the forestomach and occasional granular and vacuolar degeneration in the liver. CDDP administered in the same manner produced a significant decrease of WBC, several changes in serum biochemistry parameters especially BUN, an increased focal-segmental mesangial matrix in the glomeruli and vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells of the convoluted tubule of the kidney.
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PMID:A study on the toxicity of antineoplastic drugs (bleomycin, peplomycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) by simultaneous administration (Part 1). 248 79

Groups of 28 male and 28 female CD-1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were exposed to a mixture of 1,3-Dichloropropene and 1,2-Dichloropropane (D-D) vapors. Exposure concentrations were 0, 5 (4.7), 15 (14.4), or 50 (53.7) ppm, 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 6 or 12 wk. The following parameters were evaluated: pharmacotoxic signs, body weights, hematology (HGB, HCT, RBC, WBC, and diff. leukocyte count), serum chemistry (BUN, GLU, ALB, GPT, and ALP), urinalysis, gross pathology, histopathology, organ weights, and organ weight/body weight ratios of brain, heart, liver, kidneys, testes or ovaries, and adrenals. The only exposure-related clinical effects observed were increased mean liver/body weight ratios of male rats and mean kidney/body weight ratios of female rats at the 50 ppm exposure level. Slight to moderate diffuse hepatocytic enlargement in 12 of 21 of the 50-ppm male mice after 12 wk exposure was the only compound-related histopathologic change present.
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PMID:Subchronic inhalation toxicity of 1,3-dichloropropene/1,2-dichloropropane (D-D) in mice and rats. 712 May 16

Fasting bile acid, two-hour post prandial bile acid and other liver function tests (Bili, AST, ALT, ALB, Glob, ALP) were measured in 22 normal and 28 liver diseased patients. In normal volunteers, the mean value of fasting total serum bile acid (FTBA) and postprandial serum bile acid (PTBA) were 3.08 mumole/L (S.D. 1.65) range 0.21-6.26 mumol/L, and 8.07 mumole/L (S.D. 2.99) range 4.06-15.65 mumole/L. Comparison between FTBA, PTBA and other liver function tests in various liver diseases from this study the PTBA was not statistically significant superior to FTBA. Therefore, it is not necessary to do the PTBA at this time until more data is available.
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PMID:Comparison study between fasting total serum bile acid and post prandial bile acid in hepatic diseases: a preliminary study. 779 28

The compiled data on the distribution of polymorphic serum proteins (HP, C3, GC), red cell enzymes (ESD, GlO1, PGD, AK1, ADA, GPT, PGP, PGM1, ACP1) and also on some monomorphic systems (ALB, CAI, CAII, CP, G6PD, HBA, HBB, IDH1, LDHA, LDHB, MDH1, PEPA, PEPB, PEPC, PGM2, PHI, TF) in the Caucasus are presented. The interpopulation heterogeneity test shows a high level of genetic differentiation in the following loci: HP, GC, ESD, AK1, TF, PGD. Gene frequencies in the Caucasian ethnic groups were found to be approximately equidistant from those of European and West Asian populations, in line with their geographical location.
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PMID:Genetic polymorphisms of the Caucasus ethnic groups: distribution of some serum protein and red cell enzyme genetic markers (Part I). 863 20

A study was conducted on the changes of physiological function in rats due to immobilization stress. Male Fischer rats (SPF) of 32 weeks of age were housed in individual cages for 4 weeks. Then all rats were immobilized by stainless wire mesh for 6 hours daily for 3 days. Blood was collected before the 1st stress, immediately after the 1st stress, immediately after the 3rd stress and the day after the 3rd stress. The results of this experiment were as follows: (1) The total leukocyte counts in the blood of the rats after the 1st trial was significantly higher than that before the 1st trial. (2) The percentage of lymphocytes in the blood after the 1st trial was significantly lower than that before the 1st trial, whereas that of neutrophils was significantly higher. (3) Correlations between phagocytic activity and superoxide production of neutrophils by histochemical NBT reduction assay showed significantly a positive correlation before the 1st trial. However, no significant correlations were observed in immediately after the 1st trial and the 3rd trial. The day after the 3rd trial, a positive correlation was observed again. These correlations showed that an unsuitable state of the neutrophil function was induced by the immobilization stress. (4) Serum biochemical profiles were affected by the immobilization stress. Also, GOT, GPT, LDH, CK and UA were increased after the 1st trial, whereas, TG, TP, ALB and ALP were decreased after the 1st trial. T-CHO was increased only immediately after the 3rd stress. These results suggest that immobilization stress affected blood cells and serum components, and then the host defense and physiological functions were damaged respectively.
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PMID:[Changes of physiological functions in rats induced by immobilization stress]. 952 63

We set up the standard value of 7 biochemical tests from the data of approximately 237,000 blood donors who are healthy at least objectively. The abnormal data were excluded by Grubbs Smirnov method, and then converted by the log equation in order to simulate to normal distribution. Then the reference interval was set at mean +/- 2SD. If this failed, 95% percentile was adopted after non-parametric analysis. The data fluctuated much between sex and generations. Especially sex difference was dominant in ALT, AST, gamma-GTP and TP. ALT and AST was greater in males than in females, although age difference was smaller with aging. gamma-GTP peaked in 40s in males and greater in males than in females. TP was greater in males. Age difference was dominant in ALB, CHOL and BUN. ALB decreased with aging, and CHOL and BUN increased with aging. Therefore standard value in each sex and age group should be adopted in these tests. The volume of the data in each age group in this study is suitable for the set-up of the standard value.
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PMID:[Set-up of standard value by sex and age of biochemical tests derived from blood donors]. 1051 13

OBJECTIVE: To observe tissue distribution and cell localization of TNF-alpha mRNA and its protein and study their role in the pathogenesis of liver injury in burn rats. METHODS: An animal model of rats subjected to 20% TBSA III degree burns combined with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for this experiment. The changes of hepatic morphology and functions and serum TNF-alpha content and expression and localization of liver TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha mRNA were determined with light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM), quantitative analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). RESULTS: It showed that there were sinusoid reaction, KCs activation and degeneration, necrosis of HCs, and platelets aggregation, fibrins deposition and PMNs attachment in sinusoid. The activity of ALT was obviously elevated and ALB content was slightly decreased. The serum content of TNF-alpha showed peak at 3 hours. TNF-alpha was mainly localized in sinusoid endothelial cells (SECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs), and TNF-alpha mRNA was mainly distributed in KCs, polymorphonuclears neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages (MPs). CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that TNF-alpha mRNA and its protein expression and localization are coincident with the pathological changes of liver injury. TNF-alpha is one of the key cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver injury in burn rats with endotoxemia.
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PMID:Experimental study on early liver injury and expressions of TNF-alpha mRNA in burn rats with endotoxemia. 1190 Jun 50


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