Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sparfloxacin (SPFX), a new oral quinolone antimicrobial, was studied for the bacterial response, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 48 strains isolated from expressed prostatic secretion were measured. The values for 8 out of 12 strains of S. epidermidis were below 0.05 microgram/ml and those for all 6 strains of E. coli were below 0.025 microgram/ml. The SPFX concentrations in prostatic fluid (PF) were 0.33 to 0.49 microgram/ml at 1 to 3 hours after oral administration of 200 mg, the PF/serum ratio being 1.15 to 1.47. SPFX was administered at a dose of 200 to 400 mg daily for an average of 14.1 days to 14 patients with prostatitis (5, acute: 9, chronic). The clinical efficacy judged by physician in charge was effective in 12 cases with an efficacy rate of 85.7%. The bacterial eradication rate was 93.3% (14/15 strains), and eradication was complete in all 7 cases infected with gram-negative rods. SPFX-related abnormal laboratory values were observed in one case with transient increase of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaliphosphatase activities, and decrease of platelet. As side effects, one case with gastrointestinal symptoms and the other case with photosensitivity skin rash accompanied by sensory abnormality of palms were observed. The abnormal values or side effects in these patients recovered to normal or disappeared after completion of the treatment without any treatments. In view of the higher concentrations in PF than the MIC values with long remaining in the tissues, SPFX is considered to be effective in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and bacteriological study of sparfloxacin on bacterial prostatitis]. 131 92

Porfimer sodium (Photofrin II) is a photosensitizer which distributes selectively to tumor tissues, and causes tumor cell death by combination with light irradiation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) by combination of porfimer sodium and laser was developed as a new cancer therapy. Tumor selectivity of porfimer sodium are based on the following reasons; 1) high affinity for lipoprotein, especially, low density lipoprotein (LDL), 2) elevation of LDL receptor activity in cancer tissue, and 3) lack or imcompleteness of lymphatic system in cancer tissue. Porfimer sodium is activated by laser irradiation at 630 nm, which can reacts with tissue oxygen to produce highly reactive excited siglet oxygen (1O2). This highly reactive molecule is subsequently capable of killing tumor cells through oxidation of cellular component like mitochondrial enzymes. In addition, this highly reactive intermediate causes destruction of the tumor capillaries, which accelerates tumor cell death. The growth suppression or lethal damage to tumor cells by PDT of porfimer sodium and excimer dye laser were observed in experimental tumor models. In human clinical trials, the rates of complete response (CR) for roentgenographically occult lung cancer, stage I lung cancer, superficial esophageal cancer, superficial gastric cancer and carcinoma in situ or dysplasia of the cervix were 84.8%, 50.0%, 90.0%, 87.5% and 94.4%, respectively. The major side effects were cutaneous symptoms e.g. photosensitivity, pigmentation, increasing GOT, GPT but these symptoms were not severe. PDT using porfimer sodium and excimer dye laser must be clinically useful for the treatment of inoperable early cancer or conservation of organ functions.
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PMID:[Porfimer sodium (Photofrin-II)]. 766 80

Soon after the discovery of reduced cholesterol synthesis in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), several trials with dietary supplementation were initiated with the aim of increasing cholesterol and reducing the de novo synthesis and accumulation of 7- and 8-dehydrocholesterol (DHC). Dietary cholesterol raises cholesterol levels in the circulation with only marginal effects on levels of DHC. Photosensitivity and polyneuropathy have been reported to be improved by the treatment, but other effects have been difficult to evaluate. In order to see whether inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase is of benefit, two of our patients have been treated with simvastatin in addition to the long-term treatment with cholesterol and bile acids. Absolute as well as relative levels of DHC were reduced. In one patient, creatine kinase increased moderately after 2 months of treatment. In the other patient, the treatment had to be interrupted because of hepatotoxic side effects with a marked increase in alanine aminotransferase and aggravation of the hypocholesterolemia and photosensitivity. We conclude that even if the levels of accumulated intermediates can be reduced, treatment with a statin may be harmful in some patients with SLOS.
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PMID:Simvastatin treatment in the SLO syndrome: a safe approach? 1240 10