Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of GOT, GPT, APh, liver APh, gamma GTP, AAP and serum cholinesterase were determined in 80 patients with chronic liver diseases, diagnosed clinically, laparoscopically and by liver biopsy. Out of the patients with liver cirrhosis (51), those with portal cirrhosis (40) have a considerably higher activity of gamma GTP, intestinal APh than the patients with postecrotic cirrhosis (11). Cholinesterase activity is markedly lower in patients with cirrhosis and ascites than in the patients without ascites. With the histological data about the activity gamma GTP and GOT are considerably higher without activity. Examinations were carried out also upon patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (4), chronic persisting hepatitis (9), liver cancer (12) and liver steatosis (4). The data revealed that the majority of the enzymes are with a higher sensitivity (especially gamma GTP, GOT, liver APh, cholinesterase) but with more restricted diagnostic and differential-diagnostic potentialities in view of the great dispersion of the enzyme activities with the separate liver diseases.
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PMID:[Comparative laparoscopic, bioptic and clinical enzymological studies in liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases]. 14 93

Serum activities of LDH isoenzymes as well as total LDH, GOT and GPT were determined after hepatic artery ligation in five patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer. Transaminases and total LDH activities were raised after the operation showing their peaks on the first or third postoperative days. LDH2, LDH3 and LDH5 increased substantially during the first three postoperative days. These changes became nearly normalized within two weeks after hepatic artery ligation. As control the same enzymatic activities were measured in eight patients after usual laparotomies but no significant abnormalities were observed postoperatively. Thus, liberation of not only cathodic but also anodic migrating LDH isoenzymes seems to ensue possibly after acute liver damage induced by hepatic artery ligation. This study also suggests that serial determination of LDH isoenzymes as well as its total activity could be a valuable assessment for evaluating the anti-tumor effect of hepatic artery ligation.
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PMID:Changes in lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes after hepatic artery ligation in patients with hepatic carcinoma. 18 17

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (n 1441) and those with post-transfusion hepatitis (n 343), whose medical expenses were subsidized by the Aichi Prefectural Government, were followed up for three years by record linkage with the Aichi Cancer Registry. During the follow-up period, 122 incident cases of liver cancer were identified. Compared with the general population, patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were at a 64.9 times greater risk (50.5 times in males and 100.4 times in females) and those with post-transfusion hepatitis were at a 9.4 times greater risk (8.9 times in males and 13.7 times in females) of developing liver cancer. Information on prognostic factors for 1,068 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis was also collected in a questionnaire survey by the physicians in charge. Patients positive to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and those positive to HBe Ag had a significantly increased risk of subsequent liver cancer. The risk of developing liver cancer was positively associated with base-line levels of GPT and AFP and age and, inversely associated with total alcohol intake and female sex. In multivariate analyses, the associations with HBe Ag, AFP, sex and age remained statistically significant, whereas the associations with GPT, total alcohol intake and HBs Ag were of borderline significance.
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PMID:The risk and predictive factors for developing liver cancer among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. 127 45

In Okinawa prefecture, prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among blood donors is 3.5% and is twice as high as the average for the whole of Japan (1.5%), and is the highest in Japan (p less than 0.005). In contrast, mortality rates of both liver cirrhosis (LC) and primary liver cancer (PLC) in Okinawa are the lowest in Japan. Many epidemiological studies have shown that the positive rate of HBsAg correlates with mortality rate of PLC. To elucidate the cause of this epidemiological discrepancy, cross-sectional seroepidemiological studies and a prospective clinical study were conducted. In the cross-sectional studies, the following results were obtained; (1) Positive rate of HBsAg among patients with LC in Okinawa was 15.2% and lower than the average for the whole of Japan (23.4%). A similar comparison among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma showed 24.4% in Okinawa Vs. 31.4% in the whole of Japan. (2) The age-specific hepatitis B e antigen positive rate among 829 HBsAg positive health examinees tend to decrease with increase in age; 50% in less than 20 years old age group, 15.7% in third decade and 2-3% or less in 30 or more age group. Of the 829, 431 HBsAg positive subjects were referred our liver out-patient clinic. Then, of the 431, 27 (6.3%) were diagnosed or suspected as having chronic hepatitis and one (0.2%) was diagnosed as having cirrhosis. Of the 431, 381 (88.4%) were diagnosed as healthy HBsAg carrier, the great majority (94.0%) of whom had positive reaction of anti-HBe antibody and normal values of both GOT and GPT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and chronic liver disease in Okinawa]. 140 58

N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers containing doxorubicin (DOX) and galactosamine can be targeted to the hepatocyte galactose receptor for organ-specific chemotherapy of primary and metastatic liver cancer. Here we report the dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of this macromolecular conjugate. Following intravenous administration to mice most efficient liver targeting was seen at low dose (0.05 mg DOX kg-1), with receptor saturation observed using higher bolus doses. Repeated low dose bolus injections did not cause down-regulation of the galactose receptor and targeted drug delivery rates of greater than or equal to 2 micrograms DOX g-1 liver h-1 were achieved. DOX is released from such conjugates intracellularly via action of lysosomal proteinases. It was shown that isolated rat liver lysosomal enzymes (Tritosomes) can release unmodified DOX from the peptidyl side chain Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly at a rate greater than or equal to 3 micrograms DOX g-1 liver h-1 i.e. the hydrolytic capacity is greater than the observed rate of drug delivery to the liver lysosomes in vivo. Although most conjugate would be captured by normal hepatocytes following intravenous administration, it was shown that the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 retains the galactose receptor, accumulating and processing the conjugate efficiently. Potential dose limiting toxicities of such drug conjugates could include cardio- or hepatotoxicity. Administration of conjugate reduced the 15 min heart level of DOX approximately 100-fold compared with that observed for an equivalent dose of free drug. Preliminary experiments showed that plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and asparate transaminase did not change following administration of HPMA copolymer-daunorubicin (DNR) (10 mg DNR kg-1) indicating no significant heptatoxicity.
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PMID:N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers targeted to the hepatocyte galactose-receptor: pharmacokinetics in DBA2 mice. 164 46

Eighty-three patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) having survived over 5 years were investigated. 50.6% (42/83) of them were in Stage I and 49.4% (41/83) were in Stage II. Resection was performed in 94.0% (78/83), and hepatic artery ligation and/or cannulation was done in 6.0% (5/83). By the end of March 1990, 66.3% (55/83), were cancer-free, 4.8% (4/83) were living with the cancer, 20.5% (17/83) died from recurrence or metastasis of cancer, 7.2% (6/83) died from liver failure, and 1.2% (1/83) lost followup. 29 cases survived over 10 years after resection of PLC. A comparison with 811 patients having less than 5 years during the same period demonstrates that early discovery, lower gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor less than or equal to 5 cm, single nodule, well-encapsulated tumor, radical resection, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) normalization after resection may contribute to prolonged survival. It is concluded that early detection and early radical resection are essential to improve the therapeutic effects.
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PMID:[Analysis of follow-up data in 83 cases of primary liver cancer]. 165 Jun 34

The usefulness of the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST): serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio as a guide to the presence of alcoholism was evaluated in four groups of patients. In alcoholics with elevated transaminases the mean AST:ALT ratio was found to be 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49-1.51), in hepatitis B infection 0.51 (95% CI: 0.50-0.52), in liver cancer 1.25 (95% CI: 1.20-1.29), and in nonmalignant obstructive jaundice 0.59 (95% CI: 0.57-0.61). In alcoholics with normal transaminases the AST:ALT ratio was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.61-1.67). The combination of an AST:ALT ratio of greater than 1.00 with an erythrocyte mean cell volume (MCV) above 90.0 fL resulted in a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 88.9% for detecting alcoholism in these four groups of patients.
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PMID:A combination of raised serum AST:ALT ratio and erythrocyte mean cell volume level detects excessive alcohol consumption. 238 15

Degradable starch microspheres (DSM) have a mean diameter of 45 micron and temporarily obstruct blood flow at the arteriolar (micro-circulatory) level. A new approach was attempted to improve the anticancer effect on non-resectable liver cancer with simultaneous administration of DSM and MMC (mitomycin C) or ADR (adriamycin) into hepatic artery. Three patients with primary liver cancer were treated with DSM (600-1200 mg) and ADR (20-60 mg), and five with metastatic liver cancer were treated with DSM and MMC (10-20 mg). The treatment was repeated two to ten times. Partial or minor responses were observed in 1 out of 3 cases of primary liver cancer and 3 out of 5 metastatic cases. Side effects of DSM were temporary and mild epigastric or chest pain, vomiting, fever, slight dyspnea, etc. A temporary change in the liver functional data (GOT, GPT) was noted in 3 patients. Selective intra-hepatic arterial chemo-embolization therapy with DSM would appear to be beneficial for the treatment of liver cancers with appropriate indications. Cases in which DSM and anticancer drugs were effected were presented in detail.
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PMID:[Hepatic arterial infusion of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) with adriamycin or mitomycin C in liver cancer]. 313 87

We assayed type III procollagen peptide in the sera of 213 patients with various liver diseases and 23 normal controls by radioimmunoassay. The non-cancerous limit of the serum level of type III procollagen peptide was defined as the mean +/- 2 SD of the patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease; it was 50 ng/ml. The percentage of type III procollagen peptide in sera exceeding this limit was 22.2% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 17.4% in metastatic liver cancer. Only patients with liver cirrhosis accompanied by alcoholic hepatitis exceeded this limit. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with peptide concentrations above 50 ng/ml, the serum level of GOT, GPT, LDH, T. Bil., LAP, gamma-GTP and T. Chol. was significantly higher than in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose serum peptide level was below 20 ng/ml.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of type III procollagen peptide in sera of patients with liver cancer]. 608 78


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