Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new oral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 42 children with bacterial infections (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. 1. CFPZ was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at daily dosages ranging from 15.3 to 60.0 mg/kg to 42 patients (19 cases of acute tonsillitis and/or laryngitis, pharyngitis, 13 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases each of suppurative cervical lymphadenitis and UTI, and 1 case each of scarlet fever, acute otitis media, suppurative parotitis, impetigo contagiosa, furuncle and acute enteritis) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 24 cases, good; 14 cases, fair; 4 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 90.5% (Table 3). 2. MICs of CFPZ against 50 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 4. In 19 cases out of 28 cases examined, causative organisms were successfully eradicated and strain of Staphylococcus aureus was decreased in 1 case. 3. Diarrhea was observed in 2 cases (cases 8, 11). In case 8, the symptom disappeared spontaneously. Case 11 improved immediately after the administration of the drug was stopped. Among 39 children who went through laboratory tests, eosinophilia which seemed to be related to the administration of this drug was observed in 2 cases (cases 29, 38). Slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT were found in 1 case (case 22) (Table 7). 4. These data suggest that CFPZ is a safe and useful new antibiotic in the treatment of children with susceptible bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefprozil in children]. 128 80

Fundamental and clinical effects of cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100) granules, a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, in pediatric field were investigated. The result obtained were summarized as follows. 1. CFPZ (10% granules) was given to 1 child in a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The peak serum concentration of CFPZ was 4.51 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after administration. Half-life and AUC values were 0.98 hour and 20.7 micrograms.hr/ml. The mean peak urinary concentrations of CFPZ and 6 hours recovery rates were over 200 micrograms/ml at 2-6 hours and 27.6%, respectively. 2. Clinical efficacy of CFPZ was investigated in a total of 41 children, including 14 with upper respiratory tract infections, 6 with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 2 with acute otitis media, 3 with skin and soft tissue infections and 16 with urinary tract infections. The clinical efficacy rate was 95.1%. The bacteriological eradication rate was 84.6%. 3. Two patients showed abnormal laboratory test results. One had elevations of both GOT and GPT, and another had eosinophilia which were attributed to this antibiotic as side effects.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil granules in pediatrics]. 149 35

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a newly developed cephem antibiotic, were performed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Absorption and elimination of the drug were examined in a total of 7 children including 3 cases of administered with 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection (i.v.), 2 cases with 20 mg/kg drip infusion (d.i.v.) for 60 minutes and 2 cases with 40 mg/kg (d.i.v.) for 60 minutes. Maximum serum levels were attained immediately after i.v. or d.i.v. Cmax's were 233 +/- 7.6, 88.5 +/- 14.5, and 116 +/- 15 micrograms/ml, respectively for the above 3 modes of administration. These values were determined using a bioassay method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. T 1/2 (beta)'s were 1.18 +/- 0.17, 1.61 +/- 0.28 and 2.68 +/- 0.83 hours, respectively. Cumulative urinary recovery rates were 40.2-69.8% in a period of 0-6 hours after admissions. 2. Clinical efficacies were evaluated in a total of 20 patients with ages ranging from 9 months to 11 years. The treated cases were 6 cases of acute pneumonia, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 4 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of acute urinary tract infections, 2 cases of cellulitis, 1 case of purulent lympadenitis and 1 case of acute otitis media. The clinical efficacy rate was 94.7%. Adverse reactions occurred in no patients. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values involved only 1 case with elevated GOT and GPT. CPR was considered to be a safe and useful drug in treating various infectious diseases in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 34

We studied pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir (CFDN), a newly developed oral cephalosporin, and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CFDN in 2 patients were investigated. The 2 patients with ages of 8 years (36.5 kg, body weight) and 6 years (26.5 kg, body weight) were administered with 3 mg/kg of fine granules of CFDN on empty stomachs. Peak plasma levels of CFDN were 0.85 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.56 microgram/ml in the other. The 8-hour urinary recovery rate was 21.6% of the administered dose in one and was not calculable in the other. 2. Clinical effects of CFDN were studied in 25 children with various infectious diseases: 11 with acute pharyngitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis, 2 with acute laryngitis, 3 with acute bronchitis, 2 with acute bronchopneumonia, 4 with scarlet fever, 1 with acute otitis media, 1 with acute lymphadenitis. The efficacy rate was 96% (24/25), and the bacteriological eradication rate was 83.3% (10/12). 3. No side effects were noted. Clinical laboratory test values were investigated in 14 patients. There were no seriously abnormal laboratory test findings except a slight elevation of eosinophile and GPT.
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PMID:[Clinical study on cefdinir in pediatric field]. 228 17

Children with acute infections were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephalosporin. 1. A girl of 4 years old, weighing 17 kg, and another girl of 12 years old, weighing 33 kg, were administered orally each 3 mg/kg of CPDX-PR. Blood levels of CPDX reached peaks of 1.39 and 2.26 micrograms/ml at 4 hours-post-dose, and T1/2's were 2.09 and 2.63 hours, respectively. Cumulative urinary recovery rates for 8 hours were 57.3 and 80.9%, respectively. 2. A total of 30 patients was treated with CPDX-PR. These patients included 10 with acute tonsillitis, 6 with acute bronchitis, 5 with bronchopneumonia, 2 with scarlet fever and 2 with urinary tract infections, and one each with acute pneumonia, acute otitis media, acute otitis media plus sweat gland abscess, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and acute lymphadenitis. The treatment was effective in 27 cases out of 29 (except one with an unknown response) with a clinical efficacy rate of 93.1%. 3. Bacteriological responses to CPDX-PR were as follows; eradication of pathogen in 7, and unknown in 2 out of 9 cases from whom pathogens had been isolated prior to the treatment. 4. As a side effect, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient, but it was possible to continue the treatment. With regard to laboratory tests, a slight elevation of GOT and slight elevations of GOT and GPT were found in 1 case each.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 25

Preclinical and clinical studies were performed to evaluate usefulness and safety of aztreonam (AZT) in the treatment of acute otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media and chronic otitis media and the following results were obtained. MICs for P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and P. inconstans isolated from the patients with suppurative otitis media were 1.56 micrograms/ml, less than or equal to 0.025 micrograms/ml and less than or equal to 0.025 micrograms/ml respectively in their peaks. In the intravenous injection of 1 g, AZT concentration in the mastoid cell mucosa was 7.52 micrograms/g on average and serum concentration 51.6 micrograms/ml sufficiently suggesting clinical efficacy of AZT. In the clinical trial by administering AZT 1-2 g/day for the patients with suppurative otitis media, effective rates were 2/3 (66.7%) for acute otitis media, 16/22 (72.7%) for acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media, 21/34 (61.8%) for chronic otitis media and 6/7 (85.7%) for cholesteatoma of the middle ear. Elimination rate of single Gram-negative pathogens was 82.1% in the bacteriological studies of AZT. As for abnormal laboratory findings, 7 cases showed GOT, GPT elevations. However, they were in minor degree and transient. Side effect was not noted except 1 case of flushing with itching. It was considered from the above results that AZT is a highly useful antibiotic for suppurative otitis media.
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PMID:[Efficacy evaluation of aztreonam for suppurative otitis media]. 351 6

Clinical studies on ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin, were carried out in our department. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against 7 strains of E. coli, 6 strains of Klebsiella, 6 strains of H. influenzae, 7 strains of E. cloacae and 10 strains of S. aureus, recently isolated from patients, was compared with that of cefotiam, cefmetazole and cefazolin. Ceftizoxime was more active than the other antibiotics against E. coli, Klebsiella, H. influenzae and E. cloacae, but less active against S. aureus. 2. Urinary excretion. Urinary excretion was measured in 2 cases with normal renal function after dosing with 750 mg (35 mg/kg) and 350 mg (17 mg/kg) of ceftizoxime by intravenous injections. Urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 97% and 82% respectively. 3. Clinical study. Eighteen children with the following bacterial infections were treated with ceftizoxime; respiratory tract infection (13), acute otitis media (1), acute intervertebral chondritis and tonsillitis (1), chronic cystitis (1), subcutaneous abscess (1) and chronic bacteremia (1). The dosage was 69--147 mg/kg q.i.d. by intravenous injection. The duration of administration was from 3 to 32 days. The clinical results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 13 cases and fair in 1 case of chronic bacteremia. The overall effectiveness rate was 94%. Slight elevation of GPT in 1 case and leukopenia (neutropenia) in 1 case were observed, but returned to the normal range immediately after discontinuation of dosing. It is considered that ceftizoxime is one of the useful first choice antibiotics used for children with bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 3

Clinical studies of cefotiam (CTM), a new cephalosporin derivative, in otorhinolaryngological field were performed, and the results were summarized as follows. CTM was intravenously injected to 31 cases of otorhinolaryngological infections in daily dose of 1--4 g. Clinical efficacy was 33.3% in acute otitis media and chronic otitis media (acute exacerbation) (6 cases), 90% in acute tonsillitis (including peritonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess) (20 cases), 50% in acute pharyngitis (2 cases), 100% in acute sinusitis (2 cases) and 100% in epiglottis abscess (1 case), respectively. Bacteriological efficacy was 80% for beta-Streptococcus, 100% for K. pneumoniae, 50% for P. aeruginosa, and 85.7% for Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus, respectively. No difference was observed in various daily doses for clinical efficacy. As for side effects and laboratory findings, eruption in 1 case, elevation of GOT in 1 case and elevation of GOT, GPT in 2 cases were observed. But, all of the cases were normalized after stoppage of administration or postadministration.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefotiam in otorhinolaryngologic infections]. 632 42

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotetan (CTT) were made in pediatric field and the following results were obtained. Antimicrobial activity MIC80 values of CTT against clinically isolated S. aureus (32 strains), E. coli (33 strains) and K. pneumoniae (33 strains) were 25, 0.1 and 0.1 microgram/ml respectively. Antimicrobial activities of CTT against E. coli and K. pneumoniae were superior to those of CMZ, though the activity against S. aureus was inferior to that of CMZ. Pharmacokinetics When 20 mg/kg of CTT was administered to 3 children, who were 3 to 8 years of age, by a intravenous bolus injection, the mean serum concentrations of the drug after 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours were 110.7 +/- 9.2, 81.7 +/- 10.1, 50.0 +/- 7.5, 25.3 +/- 4.6, 14.9 +/- 5.5 and 7.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml respectively, and the mean half-life (beta) was 2.01 +/- 0.32 hours. The mean concentrations of the drug in urine after 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 hours were 1,377 +/- 787, 1,045 +/- 689, 1,067 +/- 680 and 358 +/- 80 micrograms/ml respectively, and the mean recovery rate by 8 hours was 67.3 +/- 16.2%. Clinical study CTT was administered to 42 children of 2 monthes to 14 years of age, and clinical response, bacteriological effect and adverse reaction of the drug were studied. Clinical effects were evaluated in 8 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, each 1 case of acute otitis media and acute bronchitis, 16 cases of acute bronchopneumonia or acute lobar pneumonia, 9 cases of acute pyelonephritis and 1 case of erysipelas, the results were excellent in 30 cases, good in 3, fair in 2 and poor in 1, and thus 91.7% of efficacy rate was obtained. Out of suspected causative organisms including 12 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, 7 strains of E. coli, 2 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of S. pneumoniae and each 1 strain of S. epidermidis and S. faecalis, all the strains except each 1 strain of H. influenzae and S. faecalis disappeared after the treatment. Thus 92.3% of eradication rate was obtained. No side effects were recognized. Though abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 3 cases (7.1%), including elevation of GOT and GPT in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case, those findings came to be normal after the treatment.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 33

Using a new cephamycin antibiotic, cefoxitin, clinical studies were carried out, and the following results were obtained: (1) Cefoxitin was administered to 52 children with 38 respiratory tract infections, 2 urinary tract infections, 1 acute otitis media and others, who ranged in age from 2 months to 11 years old. (2) Cefoxitin was given intravenously at a daily dose of 27.3 mg/kg to 110.5 mg/kg. (3) The overall efficacy rate was 80% in 46 cases, i.e., excellent in 10, good in 27, fair in 7 and poor in 2. (4) Clinical side effects were not seen except exanthema in 1 patient. Elevation of GOT and GPT was seen in 2 patients, elevation of A1-P in 1 and eosinophilia in 2 by laboratory tests. However, these findings were alleviated rapidly following the cessation of therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoxitin in bacterial infections of children (author's transl)]. 728 28


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