Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma or serum from 4 patients with acute or chronic non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis (P.T.H.) and from a blood-donor implicated in two cases of P.T.H. was inoculated into 5 chimpanzees. Biochemical and histological evidence of hepatitis developed in these 5 chimpanzees but not in a control animal. The mean incubation period in the chimpanzees was 13.4 weeks, compared with 7.7 weeks in the 4 patients with P.T.H. The peak alanine aminotransferase (A.L.T.) levels in the 5 chimpanzees were 265, 212, 219, 70, and 62 I.U./l. Histological changes ranged from mild to conspicuous hepatitis and generally correlated with the degree of A.L.T. elevation. There was no evidence of clinical disease and all animals went on to biochemical and histological recovery. There was no serological evidence of type A or type B hepatitis. Hepatitis was transmitted by serum derived from patients with chronic as well as acute hepatitis, strongly suggesting a chronic carrier state for the agent responsible for non-A, non-B hepatitis. Non-A, non-B hepatitis thus seems to be due to a transmissible agent which can persist and remain infectious for long periods.
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PMID:Transmissible agent in non-A, non-B hepatitis. 7 17

A consecutive series of 115 patients hospitalized with acute viral hepatitis in Copenhagen was studied for serological markers for hepatitis A and B virus. Thirty-nine patients had type B, 66 had type A, 3 had both type A and B, and 7 had type non-A non-B. Of the patients 81% were between 15 and 40 years of age, and there was a dominance of males due to an overrepresentation of homosexual males (30%) in both the A and B group. The main type of exposure to hepatitis type A was travel to foreign countries (53%), and for type B it was drug addiction (41%). In types A and B the duration of jaundice was positively correlated to the age of the patients but did not vary with sex or type of exposure. There was no difference in maximum alanine aminotransferase levels between the groups, but maximum bilirubin levels were lower for the type A group. Patients with hepatitis type A had a higher level of IgM than those with type B and with type non-A and non-B. We conclude that both clinically acute hepatitis type A and type B occur mainly in young adults and that foreign travel, drug addiction, and homosexuality increase the risk of getting acute hepatitis.
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PMID:Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute hepatitis types A, B, and non-A non-B. 12 1

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

For the evaluation of certain differences in the diminution of export proteins of the liver we examined some exactly defined groups of liver diseases with the aim of further differentiation of the pathogenetic mechanisms. We measured the activity of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, the Quick value, the coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX and X. Clotting factors were determined by a Schnitger-Gross Coagulometer. Prothrombin, antithrombin III, plasminogen, factor VIII associated antigen and activated factor XIII were measured by immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell. Lipoprotein electrophoresis in agarose gel was performed to evaluate changes in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Except of the rising diminution of export proteins in the course of liver disease from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis we found also specific changes of the patterns of the plasma specific enzymes. These proteins were diminished dependent on their half life time and the inflammatory activity--measured as the height of the transaminases. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and factor VIII did not participate in the general diminution of the most export proteins; some details were found to explain this differing behaviour. Results are critically discussed with regard to new aspects in the biochemistry of the damaged liver cell.
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PMID:[Correlations between the diminished secretion of export proteins from the liver and the plasmatic activity of liver cell enzymes (author's transl)]. 42 91

Ten cases of hepatitis B virus infection were identified among asymptomatic male homosexuals. These patients shared a number of characteristics: A subclinical origin and course of infection; Persistence of HGsAg for periods exceeding six to 25 months; Persistent GPT elevation of two to five times upper normal limit; Morphological changes in the liver with portal and parenchymal inflammation (chronic persistent hepatitis, six cases; non-specific reactive hepatitis, 2 cases; cirrhosis and acute hepatitis with signs of chronicity, one case each). HBeAg was found in six cases, anti-HBe in none. These results indicate that screening for hepatitis B should be performed whenever these individuals come under medical attention in order to detect asymptomatic chronic liver diseases and to detect these silent vectors of an infection that presently shows an increased frequency among homosexuals.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B infection in male homosexuals. 51 38

Serum total lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A (Apo A), and liver function tests have been investigated in patients with acute viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease. Hypertriglyceridaemia, absence of alpha and pre beta bands on the lipoprotein electrophoresis pattern, low level of Apo A, and presence of abnormal lipoproteins (beta-VLDL and beta2-LP) were observed in the early phase of acute hepatitis. A positive correlation was found between Apo A and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a negative one between Apo A and triglyceride, bile acids, total bilirubin, and serum alanine aminotransferase. Lipoprotein abnormalities found in the early phase of acute hepatitis are probably due to low lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The reappearance of alpha lipoprotein and the increase of Apo A are sensitive indices of improvement of liver function. In chronic liver disease low levels of cholesterol and Apo A indicate the severity of liver cell injury.
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PMID:Serum total lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A in acute viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease. 69 Feb 42

A prospective longitudinal study was performed in 48 patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB) of whom 38 were previously healthy (PH) and 10 drug addicted (DA). Smooth muscle antibody was present in 23/38 PH and in 8/10 DA patients for a median of 4 weeks; other autoantibodies were not found. In the PH patients SMA was of IgM class in 23/23 and 8/23 of the IgG class as well. In the 8 DA patients 2 had IgM-SMA only, 3 (IgM+IgG)-SMA and 3IgG-SMA only. IgG-SMA presence could not be related to the duration or titer height of SMA nor to the type of fluorescence patterns. In SMA-negative patients IgM-anti-HBc was cleared within 6 weeks and in IgM-SMA positive patients within 32 weeks (medians 4 and 5 weeks) after maximal S-GPT. IgM-anti-HBc persisted for years in 3/3 IgG-SMA positive and in 2/11 IgG-IgM positive patients. In the remaining 9 IgG-IgM SMA positive patients it disappeared within 15 (median 9) weeks after maximal S-GPT. All 34 patients without SMA or with IgM-SMA only recovered completely. The 3 patients with IgG-SMA and 2 of the 11 patients with IgG+IgM SMA developed chronicity. Determination of SMA and of its immunoglobulin classes, at maximal SGPT may in acute hepatitis B be of help in predicting the outcome of disease.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin classes of smooth muscle antibody in the course of acute hepatitis B: prognostic significance. 72 11

Circulating desialylated glycoprotein level in acute hepatitis was studied by using the competitive binding assay reported by us. Statistically significant differences of the level among acute hepatitis in the peak of illness, fulminating hepatitis and normal subjects were observed. The desialylated glycoprotein level in acute hepatitis was elevated associating with S-GPT and serum bilirubin levels, and it returned to the normal range before S-GPT and serum bilirubin were normalized. The desialylated glycoprotein in a fulminant hepatitis was increasing associated with bilirubin even when S-GPT was decreasing.
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PMID:Serum glycoproteins in the liver diseases. III. Desialylated glycoproteins in the acute hepatitis. 89 34

In an attempt to clinico-pathologically examine asymptomatic HBs AG carriers, follow-up studies were made on 57 HBAg-positive blood donors with the S-GPT within normal range and the following conclusions were arrived at: 1) The results of liver function tests made in the present studies revealed the following rates of abnormalities: the S-GPT was abnormal in 14.5% of the subjects, the S-GOT was abnormal in 9%, the serum total bilirubins were abnormal in 12.2%, the serum alkaline phosphatase level was abnormal in 24.5%, the TTT was abnormal in 4.4%, the ZTT was abnormal in 2.2%, the gamma-globulin was abnormal in 21.2%, and the ICG retention was abnormal in 25.6%. It was thus necessary to make a follow-up study of the results of liver function test. 2) Anti-HBs was negative in all subjects, the rate of lymphocytic blastogenesis in the peripheral blood (tested by the addition of PHA) was low in 7 (36.8%) of 19 patients, and the MIF test by the addition of the purified HBs Ag revealed that 17 subjects, excluding one subject with a histologic picture of acute hepatitis, were not susceptible to HBs Ag. It was, therefore, surmised that immunological insufficiency would be involved in the development of asymptomatic carriers. 3) Histologic examinations, made on 20 subjects, revealed A.V.H. in one subject, N.S.R.H. in seven, N.S.R. in ten and fatty liver in two, and further revealed mild, diffuse inflammations in 8 subjects in the first two group (40% in total). Further, pleomorphism was noted in the hepatocytes of 8 (40%) of these 20 subjects, and a study is under way of the significance of the pleomorphism.
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PMID:Clinico-pathological studies of the liver in asymptomatic carriers of Australia antigen. 111 98

Liver function tests were performed in 165 hospitalized patients suffering from P. falciparum malaria with complications. Serum bilirubin was found increased in 33 patients, and 22 of them had unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Serum alanine aminotransferase was increased in 5 patients, but only to mild to moderate levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased in 11 patients, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in 3 patients. Serum total protein and albumin were significantly decreased but these were considered more as indicator of acute phase response. Liver cell necrosis was observed in one patient, and oedema and mononuclear cell infiltration in two patients. Though hepatomegaly and mild elevation of enzymes can be observed in a significant proportion of patients, involvement of liver leading to acute hepatitis or liver cell necrosis is a relatively uncommon complication in P. falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Hepatic changes in P. falciparum malaria. 128 32


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