Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatoprotective activity of Emblica officinalis (EO) and Chyavanaprash (CHY) extracts were studied using carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver injury model in rats. EO and CHY extracts were found to inhibit the hepatotoxicity produced by acute and chronic CCl(4) administration as seen from the decreased levels of serum and liver lipid peroxides (LPO), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Chronic CCl(4) administration was also found to produce liver fibrosis as seen from the increased levels of collagen-hydroxyproline and pathological analysis. EO and CHY extracts were found to reduce these elevated levels significantly, indicating that the extract could inhibit the induction of fibrosis in rats.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of Emblica officinalis and Chyavanaprash. 1096 64

Tetrandrine, an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Stephania tetrandra, has been shown to elicit antifibrotic effects in various cell types. In the present study, the effect of tetrandrine on liver fibrosis was investigated by using bile duct ligation and scission in rats as a model of hepatic fibrosis. Treatment with tetrandrine in fibrotic rats reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels to 72%, 52% and 51% that of controls at 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. Liver hydroxyproline contents in tetrandrine-treated rats with bile duct ligation and scission were also reduced to 65% of that of control rats with bile duct ligation and scission at 10 mg/kg/day. The morphological characteristics of fibrotic liver, which appeared in control bile duct ligation and scission group, were improved in tetrandrine-treated bile duct ligation and scission group. We also examined the effect of tetrandrine on cultured rat hepatic stellate cells, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, activation to investigate whether it could act mainly by direct action on rat hepatic fibroblastic cells. In cultured rat hepatic stellate cells, tetrandrine reduced DNA synthesis to 57% of control hepatic stellate cells at 10 microg/ml without affecting cell viability. Smooth muscle-alpha-actin expression, the phenotypic marker of activated hepatic stellate cells, was also decreased. We conclude that tetrandrine has an antifibrotic effect on liver fibrosis in rats induced by bile duct ligation and scission, indicating that it might exert a direct effect on rat hepatic stellate cells.
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PMID:Effect of tetrandrine on experimental hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission in rats. 1114 Aug 24

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various medications other than interferon (IFN) on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) patients, and the results were compared with those obtained in CH-C patients without therapy. Fifty CH-C patients (32 men and 18 women; mean age 58.5 years) without previous IFN therapy, who randomly received medicines other than IFN such as Stronger Neo-Minophagen C, Ursodeoxycholic acid and a herbal medicine, Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) (Group I), and as a control group, 45 CH-C patients (27 men and 18 women; mean age 56.6 years) without therapy (Group II) were examined. All patients had persistent alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation more than 6 months before this study and were also subdivided into three subgroups according to different pattern of ALT during the observation period, i.e. (a): persistently ALT<60 IU/l (below about twice the upper limit of normal range); (b): persistently ALT>/=60 IU/l; and (c) other than (a) and (b). All patients were biopsied twice before starting this study and during observation period and the liver fibrosis was compared between them by staging in each case. When the fibrosis stage was the same between two specimens, we determined whether the degree of fibrosis had improved or worsened by computed image analysis. Blood tests for fibrosis marker, serum aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen (P III P) and liver enzyme such as albumin (Alb) and zinc turbidity test (ZTT) levels, and platelet (Plt) counts were also examined on the two times of liver biopsy. As a result, there were no significant differences in fibrotic improvement rate when assessed by both staging only and staging together with fibrotic ratio, determined by computed image analysis and also in yearly change of P III P (P/Y) and fibrosis (F/Y), the changed rate of Alb, ZTT levels and Plt counts between Group I and Group II, except for P/Y in subgroup (a) which was rather higher in Group I than in Group II. There were also no significant relationship between the changes of histological activity and fibrosis staging in both groups. In conclusion, other medications than IFN could not significantly improve both liver fibrosis and its associated laboratory data irrespective of ALT levels in CH-C patients as compared to the control group during average 3 years' follow-up period.
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PMID:Does the control of alanine aminotransferase levels lead to a regression of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients? 1116 39

48 patients with liver fibrosis due to hepatitis B were treated for 2 years with the drugs for tonifying the kidney, supplementing qi, cooling and invigorating the blood and detoxification. The symptoms were markedly improved, and serum ALT and bilirubin were recovered and kept normal in most of the cases. The mean levels of serum hyaluronic acid, procollagen peptide III and circulating immune complex were decreased and returned to normal after the treatment. B-ultrasonography showed that the portal vein kept in normal size in 82% of the patients, the enlarged portal vein diminished in diameter, and the enlarged spleen reduced.
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PMID:Clinical observation on the long-term therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of liver fibrosis. 1126 73

The anti-fibrotic effects of a hot-water extract form the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae) on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction was studied in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL). After surgery, the hot-water extract of S. miltiorrhiza roots (100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) was administered daily for 28 days. The concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and total cholesterol in serum and hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde contents in liver were significantly increased in BDL rats. Treatment with the extract of S. miltiorrhiza significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total cholesterol concentrations in BDL rats. The liver hydroxyproline content in BDL rats treated with extract was also reduced to 68% of that in BDL control rats (P < 0.01). The liver malondialdehyde content in BDL rats treated with the extract was also reduced to 47% of that in BDL control rats (P < 0.01). The morphological characteristics of fibrotic livers were improved in BDL rats treated with extract. Immunohistochemical examination of fibrotic liver showed that the extract of S. miltiorrhiza markedly reduced protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle cell-like actin, which indicates that hepatic stellate cell activation was inhibited during liver fibrosis development. The results indicate that the hot-water extract of S. miltiorrhiza roots inhibits fibrosis and lipid peroxidation in rats with liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction.
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PMID:Anti-fibrotic effects of a hot-water extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza roots on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. 1127 16

Patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) responding differently to interferon(IFN) therapy were speculated to have different incidence of disease progression to cirrhosis and of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, the background and prognosis of the patients with sustained biochemical response without eradication of HCV (BR) (asymptomatic HCV carrier) has not been revealed so far. Review of recent studies suggest that the characteristics of the patients with BR are lower HCV RNA load, higher rate of HCV subtype-2 and lower score of liver fibrosis when compared with those with NR. The IFN therapy in patients who have not cleared HCV and showed normal ALT retards progression of fibrosis and reduces the incidence of cirrhosis and HCC.
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PMID:[Interferon-treated hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients with sustained biochemical response without eradication of HCV(asymptomatic HCV carrier)]. 1149 38

The antifibrotic effects of hot water extract (WEC), intracellular biopolymer (IPC) and extracellular biopolymers (EPC) from mycelial liquid culture of Cordyceps militaris on liver fibrosis were studied. Liver fibrosis was induced by a bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S) operation, duration of 4 weeks in rats. In BDL/S rats, the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin in serum and hydroxyproline content in liver were dramatically increased. The WEC or IPC treatment (30 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, p.o.) in BDL/S rats reduced the serum AST, ALT and ALP levels significantly (p<0.01). The EPC treatment (30 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, p.o.) reduced the serum ALT, AST and ALP levels significantly (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde contents in liver treated with WEC, IPC or EPC were significantly reduced (p<0.05). But Liver hydroxyproline content was decreased only in EPC treated BDL/S rats to 55% that of BDL/S control rats (p<0.01). The morphological characteristics and expression of alpha smooth muscle like actin in fibrotic liver, which appeared in BDL/S control group were improved in EPC treated fibrotic liver. These results indicate that EPC (30 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, p.o.) has an antifibrotic effect on fibrotic rats induced by BDL/S.
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PMID:Antifibrotic effect of extracellular biopolymer from submerged mycelial cultures of Cordyceps militaris on liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission in rats. 1153 66

Oltipraz is a cancer chemopreventive agent active against a wide variety of chemical carcinogens. In spite of the intense chemoprevention and toxicology studies on oltipraz, no information is available on its antifibrotic efficacy. In the present study, the effects of oltipraz on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrogenesis were assessed in rats. As part of mechanistic studies, the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was monitored. Treatment of rats with DMN (10 microl/kg body weight, i.p., three times per week for 4 weeks) resulted in marked increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activities. DMN also caused an increase in the plasma bilirubin content, whereas total plasma protein and albumin levels were rather decreased. Oltipraz (50 mg/kg body weight, p.o., three times per week for 4 weeks) inhibited the increases in plasma ALT, AST, gamma-GT and bilirubin by DMN. DMN increased liver fibrosis as histopathologically assessed by Van Gieson's staining and Masson's trichrome staining (fibrosis score, 3.7; Knodell score, 16), which was reduced by oltipraz treatment (fibrosis score, 2.5; Knodell score, 8.0). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that oltipraz inhibited an increase in the TGF-beta1 mRNA by DMN. Oltipraz was also active in reducing the production of plasma TNF-alpha by DMN or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which would contribute to its cytoprotective effect. These results demonstrated that oltipraz inhibited hepatocyte injury and impairment of liver function induced by DMN, and reduces DMN-induced liver fibrosis possibly through suppression of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha production.
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PMID:Inhibition of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis by [5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione] (oltipraz) in rats: suppression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. 1180 29

AIM:To investigate clinic effects of Fuzheng Huayu 319 recipe (319 recipe) on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:Ninety-five patients with chronic hepatitis B were divide into the treated (63 cases) and control (32 cases) group, and orally administrated with 0.5g 319 capsule or 0.5g Dahuang Zhachong pill tid for 3 months, respectively. The liver functions and serological fibrotic markers were observed before and after treatment, 12 cases in the treated group were examined with liver biopsy.RESULTS:Three hundreds nineteen recipe could remarkably decreased serum ALT level and total bilirubin and significantly improve serum albumin and A/G ratio. Its effects were better than Dahuang Zhachong pill. Before treatment, patients'serum monamine oxidase activities, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, procollagen type and laminin were all higher than those of health peoples. These levels decreased remarkably after treatment,and urine hydroxyproline level increased significantly (P < 0.001-0.05). Compared with the control, the improvement in treated group was better than that in the control except TIMP-1. According to the scoring system for staging of chronic hepatitis, the fibrotic extents of 7 cases among 12 cases examined by liver biopsy decreased remarkably (1 case decreased by 3 scores, 5 by 2 scores, 1 by 1 score).CONCLUSION:Fuzheng Huayu 319 recipe had good therapeutic effects on chronic hepatitis B, it could reverse the development of liver fibross to some extent. In general its effects were better than that of Dahuang Zhachong pill.
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PMID:Effects of Fuzheng Huayu 319 recipe on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. 1181 18

AIM:To investigate effect of losartan, an AT1 receptor antagonist, on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4); and to determine whether or not AT1 receptors are expressed on hepatic stellate cells. METHODS AND RESULTS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing (180 plus minus20)g, were randomized into five groups (control group, model group, and three losartan treated groups), in which all rats were given the subcutaneous injection of 40% CCl(4)(every 3 days for 6 weeks) except for rats of control group. Rats of losartan-treated groups were treated with losartan (20 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, daily gavage). After 6 weeks liver tissue and serum samples of all rats were examined. Serum hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen type III (PC III) were detected by radioimmunoassays. van Giesion collagen staining was used to evaluate the extracellular matrix of rats with liver fibrosis. The expression of AT1 receptors, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and alpha-smooth muscle actinalpha-SMA) in liver tissue were determined by immunohistochemical techniques. Compared with model group, serum ALT and AST of losartan-treated groups were significantly reduced (italic>t = 4.20,P < 0.01 and italic>t = 4.57,P < 0.01). Serum HA and PC III also had significant differences (italic>t = 3.53,P<0.01 and t=2.20, P<0.05). The degree of fibrosis was improved by losartan and correlated with the expressions of AT1 receptors, TGF-beta, and alpha-SMA in liver tissue.CONCLUSION:AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, could limit the progression of the hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4). The mechanism may be related to the decrease in the expression of AT1 receptors and TGF-beta, ameliorating the injury of hepatocytes; activation of local renin-angiotensin system might relate to hepatic fibrosis; and during progression of fibrosis, activated hepatic stellate cells might express AT1 receptors.
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PMID:Effects of AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, on rat hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4). 1181 43


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