Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The circadian rhythms of liver glycogen, plasma glucose, corticosterone and insulin, and hepatic activity of PK, G6PDH, ME, Ac, CoA carbox. PEP-CK and GPT were studied in adult rats. Animals either received a mixed diet ad libitum (8% protein) or a protein meal (1.1 g protein) given at 05:00 or 17:00 h, with free access to a protein-free diet (separately fed). When the protein meal was ingested during the lighted period (17:00) the 24-hour average level of liver PEP-CK was greater than in rats consuming protein during darkness (05:00). In the latter case, modification of the circadian rhythm of liver glycogen and of circadian rhythm of liver PK, G6PDH, ME and Ac.CoA carbox. activity (increase of 24 h average level, extension of period of high activity, sudden increase after ingestion of protein meal) were observed. Conversely, the circadian rhythm of plasma insulin and corticosterone and of liver PEP-CK and GPT activity were only slightly affected by the mode of feeding.
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PMID:Schedule of protein ingestion and circadian rhythm of certain hepatic enzyme activities involved in glucose metabolism in the rat. 0 45

One hundred and seven Wistar rats, 8 weeks old and weighing 180-200 g, were housed under conditions of controlled temperature (22 plus or minus 2 degrees) and lighting (light on from 07:00 to 19:00). They were divided into 2 groups and fed diets containing either 15 per cent cas-protein for 23 days. Food consumption was recorded every 2 hours for each animal during 48 hours. Four or five rats from each group were killed every 2 hours for 24 hours and the hepatic activities of PK (EC.2.7.1.40),G6P-DH (EC1.1.1.49), ME (EC1.1.1.40), Acetyl-CoA-carbox (EC.6.4.1.2.),PC(EC.6.4.1.1.), PEP-CK(EC.4.1.1.32), G6Pase (EC.3.1.3.9) and GPT (EC.2.6.1.2.) were measured...
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PMID:[Dietary protein level and circadian variation of enzyme activities for glucose metabolism and lipogenesis in male rats (author's transl)]. 1 10

According to the data obtained from the fundamental investigations using flow cytometry we designed the schedule of combination chemotherapy for solid cancer patients and we tried this therapy on 25 patients with non-curative, unresectable and recurrent cancers: 9 gastric, 5 colo-rectal, 3 esophageal, 3 pancreatic, 2 gall bladder, 2 lung and 1 breast cancer. The treatment was performed every 3 or 4 weeks as follows: CDDP 70 mg/m2 (d.i.), PEP 4 mg/m2 (i.v.) and MMC 4 mg/m2 (i.v.) on day 1, ADM 15 mg/m2 (i.v.) on day 4, and 5-Fu 250 mg/body (d.i.) every day. Among 22 patients evaluated completely, 1 complete response, 9 partial responses, 11 no changes, 1 progressive disease were obtained. The overall response rate was 45%. From the comparison of survival curves, survival rate was significantly better in patients responded to this therapy than in patients who did not respond to it (p less than 0.05). As for side effects, myelosuppression occurred in 19 patients (86%), increase of BUN and/or creatinine were observed in 3 patients (14%), increase of GOT and/or GPT were seen in 10 patients (45%), gastrointestinal symptoms and alopecia were observed in almost all patients, but all of these toxicity were transient and did not impede the continuous treatment.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent cancer patients--the effect of combination chemotherapy using cisplatin, peplomycin, mitomycin C, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil]. 170 39

'Mini-pigs' were infected with salivarian Trypanozoon clones to examine the persistence and stability of the human serum resistance [Blood Incubation Infectivity Test (BIIT)] and isoenzyme characteristics during infection in a new host. A stock regarded as Trypanosoma brucei, derived from a domestic pig in the Ivory Coast, retained its BIIT negative (serum sensitive), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and peptidase 2 (PEP 2) characteristics throughout 343 days of infection in pigs. Similarly there was no change in the BIIT positive (serum resistant) and different ALAT and PEP characteristics of a human isolate from the same area, and regarded as T. b. gambiense, during 154 days before the infection became undetectable. In mixed infections of the two clones in pigs, trypanosomes which were not treated with human serum and inoculated into Mastomys natalensis invariably displayed the 'T. b. brucei' characteristics. However, simultaneous inoculations of trypanosomes treated with human serum into M. natalensis always displayed the characteristics of the T. b. gambiense. Thus, in mixed infections, in which 'T. b. brucei' predominated, the minority 'T. b. gambiense' population was recoverable after treatment with human serum by subinoculation into Mastomys.
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PMID:On the persistence of human serum resistance and isoenzyme patterns of Trypanozoon in experimentally infected pigs. 612 44

The culture forms of 30 T. cruzi stocks originating from different parts of Brazil and Venezuela were screened by starch-gel electrophoresis for the isoenzyme patterns of 9 enzymes: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), "malic" enzyme (ME), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), peptidases (PEP 1, PEP 2) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). G6PD, PGM, GPI to some extent also ASAT, ME patterns divide 25 stocks into two distinct main groups A and B. The Brazilian stocks of group A originated from different wild animal species only, those of group B were with one exception isolated from human patients, or domestic hosts. In contrast all stocks from Venezuela regardless of their original host belonged to group A. The results of all enzymes showed group A (16 stocks and 7 profiles) to be more homogeneous than group B (9 stocks and 7 profiles). Comparison of these results with previous results of isoelectric focusing of the same stocks shows both methods to be complementary. The two methods gave identical classification of stocks with G6PD, PGM and GPI, both methods dividing most stocks into two main groups. The enzymes ALAT and ASAT confirmed this grouping to some extent in the starch-gel electrophoresis. For both starch-gel and isoelectric focusing ME was of only limited value because of variable enzyme activities in the trypanosome extracts. For the enzymes PEP 1, and PEP 2 and MDH neither method was useful in demonstrating intraspecific variation within the T. cruzi complex.
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PMID:The characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks by starch-gel electrophoresis, comparison of results with those of isoelectric focusing. 622 25

The effect of intestinal bacterial flora and endotoxin on fatty liver with germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) rat in the 12th and 24th week was investigated after giving fatty diet which was added 1% cholesterol-0.5% cholic acid to the basic diet. Results are as follows. Serum biochemistry Serum GOT, GPT, ALP and cholesterol values increased after giving the fatty diet in both groups. Limulus Gelation Test In CV group, endotoxin was detected in 2 of 10 cases in portal blood and was completely absent in arterial blood. After the fatty diet, endotoxin increased gradually both in portal and arterial blood. Cyclic AMP values on glucagon challenge (P/B ratio) In both groups, the levels of the P/B ratio maintained low values compared with control. In CV group, the values were lower in endotoxin positive cases than negative ones. Hepatic carbohydrate metabolism Abnormal hepatic F6P , glucose, FDP and PEP values were observed in CV group and reduction of the levels of hepatic F6P , G6P and glucose values were remarkable in GF group. Hepatic G6P in CV group and FDP in GF group remained unchanged. Impairment of F6P and G6P in CV group, was significant in endotoxin positive cases than in negative ones.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of endogenous endotoxemia in chronic liver disease--with special reference to the experimental fatty liver in germfree animals]. 632 43

Thyroid hormone concentrations and measures reflecting thyroid function were studied in sera from 35 patients receiving long-term phenytoin (PHT) or carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy. The mean concentrations of T4, FT4, FT3, and rT3, but not T3, of these patients were significantly lower than those of 19 controls of similar age and sex distribution. The mean serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration was slightly but significantly higher in patients than in controls, but the serum TSH response to TRH was not significantly increased. In patients, the higher mean clinical diagnostic index of hypothyroidism (CDI-HT: -20.3 +/- 19.1 vs. -33.7 +/- 8.5, p < 0.05) and higher ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET: 0.343 +/- 0.065 vs. 0.334 +/- 0.030, p < 0.05) than in controls were compatible with tissue hypothyroidism. However, comparison of the mean levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, osteocalcin, procollagen type III aminoterminal propeptide, and somatomedin-C showed no significant differences between patients and controls. The increased mean angiotensin convertase and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, typical of hyperthyroidism, were probably caused by drug effects. Fourteen patients with a subnormal FT4 concentration in serum participated in a double-blind thyroxine treatment cross-over study. Neither the mean CDI-HT score, nor the systolic time intervals were significantly different between the thyroxine and placebo periods. Five patients benefited subjectively from the treatment. On the basis of all data from the cross-sectional and thyroxine treatment studies, we conclude that patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs chronically are eumetabolic and do not need thyroxine supplementation.
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PMID:Thyroid status of patients receiving long-term anticonvulsant therapy assessed by peripheral parameters: a placebo-controlled thyroxine therapy trial. 758 56

In this work, we show that alternagin-C (ALT-C) and ALT-C PEP, a peptide derived from its sequence, were able to induce angiogenesis in wounded rat skin. A spherical cutaneous excision was made in the back of each animal and treated with three different concentrations of ALT-C or ALT-C PEP. After that, the skin was removed and analyzed to verify the presence of new vessels and the expression of growth factors. ALT-C and ALT-C PEP induced the formation of new vessels and modulated the expression of growth factors, mainly VEGF and FGF1. The expression of VEGF increased and it could be detected up to 7 days after injury. FGF1 also significantly increased, but at a lesser extent than VEGF. In conclusion, the present study shows for the first time the stimulation of angiogenesis in an injured tissue by a disintegrin-like protein and that ALT-C may exert this effect by modulating the expression of growth factors.
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PMID:Angiogenesis and growth factor modulation induced by alternagin C, a snake venom disintegrin-like, cysteine-rich protein on a rat skin wound model. 1875 39