Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty six children suffering from Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) were classified according to the Wellcome classification. Their aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured. Aspartate aminotransferase was raised in 20 patients (43.5%) and alanine aminotransferase was raised in 12 patients (26%). Y-glutamyl transferase was raised in only one patient suffering from marasmic kwashiorkor, who, in contrast to the rest of the patients had a marked rise in aminotransferases. The aminotransferase elevation correlated positively with a Severity Index calculated from height and weight retardation and serum albumin levels. It is suggested that the moderate rise in aminotransferases found in PEM is not due to damage to the liver. However, marked enzyme elevations can occur in a small minority of patients, suggestive of liver injury, probably caused by hepatotoxins.
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PMID:Serum aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in protein energy malnutrition. 286 77

Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia (Bil greater than or equal to 2, II greater than or equal to 15) was observed in 46.9% of 239 cases of esophageal cancer, since 1969. The incidence increased significantly from 31 to 55.9% after introducing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for pre-postoperative nutritional support. In retrosternal reconstruction it was significantly higher (57.8%) than any other operative procedures. Further investigation was done in recent 128 cases since 1979. Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia was observed in 59%. The incidence was not different among operative procedures. It was significantly higher in esophagectomy than in total gastrectomy (28%) and in colectomy (12%). Lower nutritional states and longer operative time were predictive factors. Patients with higher bilirubin level (group A: greater than or equal to 3,5) had higher incidence of associated complications than patients with lower bilirubin level (group B: 3.5 greater than greater tha or equal to 2) and patients in control (group C: less than 2). Patients with hyperbilirubinemia alone as a postoperative complication were studied in group A and B. Bilirubin level in both groups reached maximum on 6-7th postoperative days (POD) as gamma GTP and ALP increased rapidly after 3rd-4th POD. The second elevation of GOT and GPT, and incidence of leukocytosis were marked in group A. Thus it was conceived that TPN, malnutrition, effects of extensive operation, postoperative cholestatic change, and infection might contribute to postoperative hyperbilirubinemia.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia following resection of esophageal cancer]. 312 16

The objective of the present work was to study the influence of protein quantity and quality on some biochemical parameters in the liver, brain and plasma of rats at 51 days of age. This profile was sketched through the weight of the liver and brain and their content of DNA, RNA and protein and through the total amount of protein, the ratio NE/E and the activity of transaminase GOT and GPT in the plasma. During gestation and lactation, diets of 20% casein, 8% casein and 8% corn were used. At weaning, five experimental groups, with and without nutritional recuperation, were established. As a result, it was observed that the groups fed on a hypoprotein diet (8% casein or 8% corn) were the most seriously compromised in body weight and biochemical parameters with the group fed on corn being the most seriously affected. The animal which were recuperated nutritionally presented a net improvement in all of the parameters. However, the values describing the development of the body and organs in these groups remained inferior to those obtained in the control group. The success of reversibility will depend on the phase of development during which malnutrition occurred and the duration and intensity of the original deficit and the subsequent rehabilitation treatment. Organs in a phase of accelerated development will be especially sensitive to the irreversible effects of malnutrition.
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PMID:Effects of protein deficiency and rehabilitation on growth and tissue composition in growing rats. 383 23

Effect of nutritional vitamin B6 deficiency on the activities of enzymes-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), aspartate amino-transferase (AsAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and glutamotransferase (GT) was studied in the rat brain of different age groups. Deficiency was induced at one day (group 1), 21 days (group 2), three months (group 3), 12 months (group 4) and 24 months (group 5) for a period of 3-10 weeks. When the holo and apoenzyme levels were compared in control and B6 deficient rats, it was found that GAD, GABA-T, AsAT and AlAT holoenzyme levels were significantly lower in the deficient rats of all the five groups whereas the level of GT holoenzyme was low only in group 1, the other groups did not show any significant change. GAD apoenzyme level was significantly higher in the deficient animals of group 1 and 2 while the reverse was true for GABA-T apoenzyme and no significant variation was seen in the older groups. It is interesting to note that the level of AsAT apoenzyme was significantly low in older age groups (4, 5) as a function of B6 deficiency, while AlAT and GT apoenzymes were not affected in any age group studied.
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PMID:Age-related effects of nutritional vitamin B6 deficiency on B6-dependent enzymes of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyrate and glutamine systems in the rat brain. 614 6

This study was designed to evaluate the interaction between protein malnutrition, gossypol treatment and blood parasitosis (Trypanosoma brucei) in the Wistar rat. Haematological and serum biochemical changes were evaluated in the rats, which were placed on two planes of nutrition--low protein (LP) and normal protein (NP)--and either treated with gossypol or infected with Trypanosoma brucei, or both. Higher parasitaemia occurred in gossypol-treated NP rats than in the corresponding LP group. Gossypol treatment and trypanosomal infection, either alone or in concert, caused an anaemia that was both macrocytic and hypochromic. Both treatments together also caused increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities, which were accompanied by depressed serum albumin concentrations, suggestive of hepatic dysfunction in affected rats. These results suggest that, with adequate protein intake, the growth and infectivity of trypanosomes is not inhibited by gossypol but that protein malnutrition has a beneficial effect of reduced parasitaemia. Unfortunately, this beneficial effect is counteracted by gossypol enhancement of hepatic dysfunction caused by trypanosomes.
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PMID:The effects of protein malnutrition and experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei on gossypol treatment in the rat: haematological and serum biochemical changes. 759 58

The authors advocate a program for diagnosing Liver-Qi Deficiency Syndrome (LQDS) based on the TCM theory and clinical practice. Through investigation, LQDS was found to be widely existed as latent period or as external manifestation, which occupied 18.85% in Qi Deficiency Syndrome. The subjects were divided into four groups including normal group, Spleen-Qi Deficiency Syndrome (SQDS) group, LQDS with Liver diseases (LD) and LQDS with non-Liver diseases (NLD) group. In order to explore the essence, the simultaneous determinations were done on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzyme, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H), trace element Zn and Cu, and other serological indexes such as GPT, TP, Alb, A/G, etc. The results were, the content of LDH and trace element Zn in both LQDS-NLD and SQDS were significantly lower than that of normal group. D beta H reflecting sympathetic nerve function in LQDS-NLD was significantly higher than that of both normal and SQDS group; comparing LQDS-LD and LQDS-NLD group, the content of GPT, LDH, LDH5 and trace element Cu in former was significantly higher than that of the latter, but the content of TP, Alb, A/G, D beta H and Zn in former was remarkably lower than that of the latter. In order to avoid confusion, in studying this syndrome, one should distinguish LD and NLD.
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PMID:[Preliminary study on pathophysiology of liver-qi deficiency syndrome]. 778 92

The effects of protein malnutrition on haematological and serum biochemical values were evaluated in gossypol-treated rats which were simultaneously fed with ethanol. Gossypol caused anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in malnourished animals, suggesting a depression of bone marrow activity. Gossypol also caused a significant elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities and increases in the concentrations of Mg++ and Ca++ with reduced albumin, regardless of the nutritional status. These changes were more severe with malnutrition. Ethanol alone caused a thrombocytopenia but no other significant haematological changes. However, it appeared to cause derangement of lipid and protein metabolism as reflected in serum cholesterol and urea. The toxic effects seen in gossypol-treated rats were significantly reduced in animals simultaneously given ethanol. As the livers of gossypol-treated rats were significantly heavier than in these animals, it seems possible that ethanol consumption enhances the ability of the liver to metabolize gossypol, thereby reducing its accumulation and consequently its toxicity. However, further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms responsible.
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PMID:Haematological and serum biochemical changes in the rat due to protein malnutrition and gossypol-ethanol interactions. 788 58

This study was planned to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) deficiency on liver and bone metabolism in malnourished children. Serum total calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), Ca/P, Cu/Ca, Cu/P ratios and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity values were analyzed. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme activities and the ALT/AST (De Ritis) ratio as well as their correlations with Cu were tested to determine liver function. The results of the study showed that Cu deficiency directly affects the organic matrix formation, and by the suppression of ALP activity, indirectly causes decalcification. In the liver, however, no direct effect of Cu deficiency was seen. Deterioration in liver function and Cu deficiency increased parallel with the severity of malnutrition. Thus we concluded that a correlation exists between Cu and the parameters that indicate liver function.
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PMID:Effect of copper on liver and bone metabolism in malnutrition. 797 11

Six serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were studied in 30 cases of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). The mean serum values of alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase in cases of PEM were significantly lower than the controls, lowering being maximum in PEM Grade IV. The mean serum values of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in patients with PEM were significantly higher than the controls. The mean serum values of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase showed similar significant rise in all but PEM Grade IV. The degree of increase in the serum values of these three enzymes were maximum in cases with PEM Grade I. These findings suggest that abnormalities in blood levels of these enzymes occur in any form of PEM and these are related to the severity of the disease.
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PMID:Serum enzyme abnormalities in protein energy malnutrition. 828 27

Predictive factors for toxicity and response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck cancer are seldom reported. Therefore, from a short series of patients with a histologically proven cancer, who were treated by a neo-adjuvant protocol with cisplatin and fluorouracil, routine clinical and laboratory data were investigated. ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and Hb (hemoglobin) appeared to be predictive for efficacy. By multivariate analysis (principal component analysis), these laboratory data were involved in two independent axes: one which was considered as "inflammatory" and the other as "hepatic". Initial obesity indices were associated with the former. The predictive variables for toxicity (i.e. age, serum creatinine level, weight loss and plasma cisplatin) were probably biased in this series. Nevertheless cisplatin concentration regularly increased in each cycle. Hence it was dependent on the rank of the course. According to this preliminary study, it would be of interest to conduct future investigations on acquired protein-energy malnutrition, as well as on selected soluble mediators of cellular and humoral immune response.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of routine clinical and laboratory data in advanced head and neck cancers. 868 91


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