Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The effect of elongation factor 2 (EF 2) and of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylated elongation factor 2 (ADP-ribosyl-EF 2) on the shift of endogenous peptidyl-tRNA from the A to the P site of rat liver ribosomes (measured by the peptidyl-puromycin reaction) and on the release of deacylated tRNA (measured by aminoacylation) was investigated. 2. Limiting amounts of EF2, pre-bound or added to ribosomes, catalyse the shift of peptidyl-tRNA in the presence of GPT; when the enzyme is added in substrate amounts GMP-P(CH2)P [guanosine (beta, gamma-methylene)triphosphate] can partially replace GTP. ADP-ribosyl-EF 2 has no effect on the shift of peptidyl-tRNA when present in catalytic amounts, but becomes almost as effective as EF 2 when added in substrate amounts together with GTP; GMP-P(CH2)P cannot replace GTP. 3. The release of deacylated tRNA is induced only by substrate amounts of added EF 2 and also occurs in the absence of guanine nucleotides. In this reaction ADP-ribosyl-EF 2 is only 25% as effective as EF 2 in the absence of added nucleotide, but becomes 60-80% as effective in the presence of GTP or GMP-P(CH2)P. 4. The results obtained on protein-synthesizing systems are consistent with the hypothesis that ADP-ribosyl-EF 2 can operate a single round of translocation followed by binding of aminoacyl-tRNA and peptide-bond formation. 5. From the data obtained with the native enzyme it is concluded that the two moments of translocation require different conditions of interaction of EF 2 with ribosomes; it is suggested that the shift of peptidyl-tRNA is catalysed by EF 2 pre-bound to ribosomes, and that the release of tRNA is induced by a second molecule of interacting EF 2. The hydrolysis of GTP would be required for the release of pre-bound EF 2 from ribosomes. 5. The inhibition of the utilization of limiting amounts of EF 2 on ADP-ribosylation is very likely the consequence of a concomitant decrease in the rate of association and dissociation of the enzyme from ribosomes.
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PMID:Effect of elongation factor 2 and of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylated elongation factor 2 on translocation. 18 40

The protective action of aspartic acid on isolated and perfused rat liver was studied. In case of D-galactosamine intoxication the GOT, GPT and SDH activity and the lactate and pyruvate concentration in the perfusion medium were less augmented and the glycogen level in hepatic tissue was less diminished in animals treated with aspartic acid, as compared to controls. The histochemical applied (PAS reaction for glycogen, nucleic acids, NADH2-diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphatase and membrane-ATP-ase), also stated a protecting effect in the treated animals. The protective action of aspartate is hypothetically considered to be exerted by its capacity to reestablish the cellular deficit of pyridine nucleotides and thus to improve the synthesis of nucleic acids, glycoprotein and glycolipids or/and by its participation in various metabolic pathways.
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PMID:Protecting action of aspartate on the hepatic changes induced by D-galactosamine. 18 87

Serum activities of LDH isoenzymes as well as total LDH, GOT and GPT were determined after hepatic artery ligation in five patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer. Transaminases and total LDH activities were raised after the operation showing their peaks on the first or third postoperative days. LDH2, LDH3 and LDH5 increased substantially during the first three postoperative days. These changes became nearly normalized within two weeks after hepatic artery ligation. As control the same enzymatic activities were measured in eight patients after usual laparotomies but no significant abnormalities were observed postoperatively. Thus, liberation of not only cathodic but also anodic migrating LDH isoenzymes seems to ensue possibly after acute liver damage induced by hepatic artery ligation. This study also suggests that serial determination of LDH isoenzymes as well as its total activity could be a valuable assessment for evaluating the anti-tumor effect of hepatic artery ligation.
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PMID:Changes in lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes after hepatic artery ligation in patients with hepatic carcinoma. 18 17

Intravenous injection of praseodymium nitrate into female Wistar rats results in liver damage. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of serum high density lipoprotein content as an index for the severity and time course of liver damage and regeneration following the administration of praseodymium. Serum high density lipoprotein content drastically decreases to a minimum after 24 - 48 h, returning to control values after four days. Liver degeneration is characterized by some intracellular parameters, i.e. the nuclear RNA polymerase reactions, the ribosomal protein synthesis, hepatic spermidine concentration and the activities of serum transaminases (GOT, GPT) and the sorbitdehydrogenase. From the data it is evident that the time course of serum high density lipoprotein content follows the intracellular changes closely. Liver regeneration is represented by the ornithin decarboxylase, the deoxycytidylate deaminase, the thymidine kinase activities and the hepatic putrescine content. The time course of these parameters shows that the regeneration reaches a maximum after 3 - 4 days. In the serum, high density lipoprotein content reflects this process by returning to control values. From our data we conclude that serum high density lipoprotein content after i.v. administration of praseodymium can be considered as an expression of the functional state of the liver.
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PMID:Correlation between serum high density lipoprotein content and liver function during experimental hepatic degeneration and regeneration. 18 75

Male rats weighing 180-220 g were given CdSO4, 0,4 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously once a week for 6-12 months. The animals were killed after 6, 9, 12 months and following blood serum levels were determined: total protein, albumin, globulin, GPT, GOT, Al.P. and urea. The tissue tissue samples from liver and kidneys were examined histologically (acid and alkaline phosphatase). After 9 months, the difference between values of biochemical indices in the exposed and control groups was statistically significant. It has been found that the observed biochemical indices show correlation with the extent of morphological changes in liver and kidneys. These degenerative changes became more intense in the liver than in the kidneys.
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PMID:[Effect of chronic action of cadmium sulfate on various biochemical indices of blood serum and on the histological picture of rat liver and kidneys]. 19 73

The effect of carbon-tetrachloride poisoning and the protection caused by AMP were studied. A single dose of CCl4 has resulted in a rapid development of a fatty liver, a considerable increase in serum enzymes, glutamic oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases as well as serum-alkaline phosphatase. Total serum protein showed a tendency to decrease accompanied by a decrease in A/G ratio. Administration of adenosine-5-monophosphate prevented the increase in serum-alkaline phosphatase and increased the A/G ratio. There was, however, a slight but significant decrease in serum GOT and GPT within the 24-hrs. period of study, but it remained still higher than that of the control. AMP lowered liver fat without complete protection against the development of fatty liver.
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PMID:Effect of AMP on acute carbon-tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. 20 15

Some families with abnormalities of chromosome 9 have been combined with others from the literature to show that AK1 and ABO must lie near the end of that chromosome. Current evidence suggests that both lie in band 9q34. MNSs, GPT and Gc can be excluded from chromosome 9.
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PMID:Segregation of ABO, AK1 and ACONs in families with abnormalities of chromosome 9. 20 46

The rats were given subcutaneously CdSO4 in doses 0.7 mg/kg of body weight once a week during one year. After the lapse of 6, 9 and 12 months, the animals were sacrificed and their blood was used to determine the preselected biochemical indices (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, levels of protein, albumins, globulins GOT, GPT, AP and its isoenzymes, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, urea and creatinines). Simultaneously radiological examinations were performed on prepared and dehydrated long bones being estimated. Changes were revealed in morphological parameters of long bones with a marked demineralisation of epiphyses after 9 months of investigations. The above changes were found to correlate with those referring to biochemical indices levels, intensifying with the increase of the exposure period.
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PMID:[Dynamics of changes in rat osseous system in chronic cadmium poisoning]. 21 79

ML-236B, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, significantly reduced both serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels in dogs, when used at a dosage higher than 10 mg/kg per day. Triglyceride levels were not consistently changed, but beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins were preferentially reduced. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 44--45% at the higher dosage of 100--400 mg/kg per day (for 5 weeks) but ML-236B caused no significant changes in the cholesterol content of the liver and aorta and in the activities of serum GOT, GPT, CPK and lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase. Fecal excretion of neutral sterols was unaffected but that of bile acids was markedly elevated by the drug. Under these conditions, hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis, showed no detectable changes.
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PMID:Hypolipidemic effects in dogs of ML-236B, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. 22 90

Twenty-eight piglets from three litters were analysed for postnatal development (0 to 6 days of age) of the crude protein levels and activities of various enzymes (GOT, GPT, serine dehydratase, xanthinoxidase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase) in the supernatant of liver, kidneys, and muscles. Both the weight and crude protein levels of the liver increased after birth, which improved the capability of metabolic regulation. GOT and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase activities in the liver tissue increased over the first days after birth. Serine dehydratase activity was not detectable with regularity. GPT activity in the tissues concerned was low by comparison to GOT and underwent little postnatal change. The activity of xanthinoxidase in the liver tissue tended to go up after birth. ACTH (3 IU/kg live weight) was administered to piglets aged five days and did not increase the activity of GOT and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase in the liver after five hours.
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PMID:[Enzyme arrangement of various tissues in swine. 2. Studies of postpartum development of crude protein levels as well as activities of various enzymes (GOT, GPT, serine dehydratase, xanthine oxidase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase) in liver, kidneys and muscle of piglets]. 22 26


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