Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In short term experiments, rats were treated with single oral doses of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), Clophen A 50 (high chlorinated compound) and dichlorobiphenyl (low chlorinated compound). Clophen A 50 treatment resulted in a marked increase in liver weight and in the activities of GPT, GOT and G1DH in rat serum at 1000 mg/kg similar effects were observed, but to a lesser degree. The levels of the serum lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly elevated at both dose levels and they remained elevated up to seven days. In contrast, one single oral dose of 1000 mg of dichlorobiphenyl per kg did not cause significant changes in the above mentioned parameters. Histological examination of the liver showed irregularly disseminated droplets of fat in both experiments. These results indicate that Clophen A 50 causes liver damage and alters the lipid metabolism of rats, whereas the low chlorinated dichlorobiphenyl does not exert such effects.
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PMID:Short term effects of Clophen A 50 and of dichlorobiphenyl in rats. 11 46

Phytohemagglutinins from sees of Myrtus communis L., either in solution or adsorbed by glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes, constitute an effective system for clarification of lipemic sera. It can be used in clinical analysis to avoid the interference produced by turbidity in spectrophotometric determinations. Parameters such as glucose, bilirubin, urea, uric acid, GPT, GOT, and LDH, amongst others, can be determined without interference. The content in triglycerides of 1 ml of serum can be decreased by more than seventy per cent by treatment with 50 mg of lyophilized glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes saturated with Myrtus communis L. phytohemagglutinins.
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PMID:Myrtus communis L. phytohemagglutinins as a clarifying agent for lipemic sera. 11 38

Ten male rhesus monkeys, each weighing 3.5 kg, were divided into four groups of 3, 3, 2, and 2, and were fed daily with 100 g pelleted food containing 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm cadmium, respectively. Urine samples were collected every 2 weeks and blood samples every 4 weeks. One monkey each of the 300 and 30 ppm groups was autopsied for pathological examination and tissue cadmium determination at the week 24 of the experiment; the remaining 8 animals were killed after 55 weeks. The lowest exposed group (3 ppm) did not show any specific biological response to cadmium over a period of 55 weeks. In the 30 ppm group, no significant changes were observed for up to 24 weeks, although cadmium concentration in the renal cortex and urine at 24 weeks were 300 mug/g wet weight and 18 mug/l., respectively. Plasma urea nitrogen and urine protein (quantitative determination) increased after 30 and 36 weeks. At 55 weeks of the experiment, qualitative tests were negative for low molecular weight proteinuria and glycosuria, and the results remained normal for renal and liver function tests and blood analysis, although cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex of two monkeys were 460 and 730 mug/g wet weight and those in the liver were 110 and 160 mug/g wet weight, respectively. In the highest exposure group (300 ppm), urine cadmium increased to 250 mug/l. by 11 weeks, and urine retinol-binding protein, plasma GOT, GPT, and LDH increased after 12 weeks. Proteinuria (quantitative determination), glycosuria, aminoaciduria (panaminoaciduria), and erythrocytopenia were observed after 16 weeks, when urine cadmium was 500-900 mug/l. Hypohemoglobinopathy and proteinuria (qualitative determination) were observed after 20 and 24 weeks, while cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver were 760 and 430 mug/g wet weight at 24 weeks, respectively. Slightly depressed tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased urine beta(2)-microglobulin, increased plasma urea nitrogen, and increased plasma alpha(2)-globulin fraction (electrophoresis) were observed between 28 and 30 weeks of the experiment. Creatinine clearance and plasma cholinesterase decreased after 47 and 54 weeks, respectively. Cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver of two monkeys at 55 weeks were 350 and 580 mug/g wet weight and 410 and 630 mug/g wet weight, respectively. Pathological examinations revealed denaturation, destruction, and regeneration of the epithelial cells in renal proximal tubules, but no pathological changes in osseous tissues. Critical cadmium concentration in the renal cortex was estimated to be 380 mug/g wet weight for low molecular weight proteinuria and 470 mug/g wet weight for proteinuria, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Critical concentration in the liver was also estimated to be 210 mug/g wet weight. The apparent biological half-time of cadmium in monkeys at autopsied stage was calculated to be 0.66, 6.4, 5.2, and 22.4 years for the 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm groups, respectively.
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PMID:Effects of dietary cadmium on rhesus monkeys. 11 86

Dormant and developing embryos of Artemia salina contain equivalent amounts of eIF-2, the eukaryotic initiation factor which forms a ternary complex with GTP and Met-tRNAf. The factor was purified from 0.5 M NH4Cl ribosomal washes by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, followed by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and phosphocellulose. Purified preparations from dormant and developing embryos have similar specific activities and nucleotide requirements. The mobility of both proteins in dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis is indistinguishable, and each contains three major polypeptide chains of molecular weight 52 000, 45 000 and 42 000. Both proteins are also immunologically identical, and each stimulates amino acid incorporation in a cell-free system of protein synthesis. The binding of [35S]Met-tRNAf to 40-S ribosomal subunits is catalyzed by eIF-2 isolated from dormant or developing embryos and is dependent upon GPT and AUG. Binding of [35S]Met-tRNAf to 40-S ribosomal subunits, and ternary complex formation with eIF-2, GTP, and [35S]Met-tRNAf is stimulated 2--3-fold by a factor present in the 0.5 M NH4Cl ribosomal wash and which elutes from DEAE-cellulose at 50 mM KCl. This protein does not exhibit GTP-dependent binding of [35S]Met-tRNAf. Binding of GDP and GTP was investigated with purified eIF-2 from developing embryos. The factor forms a binary complex with GDP or GTP, and eIF-2-bound [3H]GDP exchanges very slowly with free nucleotides. Our results suggest that eIF-2 does not limit resumption of embryo development following encystment, nor does it limit mRNA translation in extracts from dormant embryos.
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PMID:Protein synthesis in brine shrimp embryos. Dormant and developing embryos of Artemia salina contain equivalent amounts of chain initiation factors 2. 11 89

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic means in improving the clinical course of the critically ill patients. Various metabolic complications are described; the cause of some of these remain unclear. The changes in some plasma enzyme indices (GOT, GPT, GIDH, LDH, HBDH, CPK, ChE, AP, gamma-GT) in two groups of critically ill patients undergoing TPN (group with more marked enzyme alterations and group with less marked alteration) were examined. Two types of alterations were found: (1) early increase of some enzymes (GOT, GPT, GIDH); (2) constant increase of plasma enzyme level during TPN (AP, gamma GT). These two evolutionary patterns were more evident in the complicated group and the enzyme changes were statistically significant for GOT and GPT (P = 0.05) and not significant for initial values of G1DH, ap and gamma-GT. Both groups presented constant elevated plasma values of LDH, HBDH, CPK and depressed constant ChE value during treatment; the difference was not significant in both groups for the same enzymes. The data were interpreted from a functional point of view; that is they were related to both the metabolic post-aggressive state and TPN. A relationship between the rate of protein catabolism and the inductive increase of some enzymes (GOT, GPT, G1DH) was found. Whereas a final induction in the energy metabolism is suggested for other enzymes (LDH, HBDH), the alteration of CPK, AP, gamma-GT and ChE was interpreted as dependent on: (1) direct muscular trauma (CPK); (2) functional increase in relation to the duration of TPN (AP and gamma-GT); (3) possible depressed malnutritive synthesis (ChE). The improvement of the enzymatic patterns with the early use of TPN and with the improvement of clinical and nutritional conditions was emphasized.
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PMID:Alterations in the enzyme profile in intensive care patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition. 12 18

The efficacy, serum concentration and side effects of CBZ for partial seizures in children were evaluated. The study was undertaken on 27 patients with partial seizures ranging from 5 to 17 years of age. Further 15 patients with various types of epilepsy taking CBZ with other anticonvulsants were selected as controls to compare the serum levels of CBZ. In nineteen of the 27 patients seizures were controlled completely, in whom serum CBZ levels varied fro trace to 15.6 mcg/ml, average being 8.18 +/- 3.40 mcg/ml, while those of uncontrolled ones ranged from 3.5 to 11.3 mcg/ml, average being 7.50 +/- 2.97 mcg/ml. There was no significant difference between both groups of the above. EEG was improved in the seven of 19 seizure-free cases, serum levels of which ranged from 5.9 to 13.2 mcg/ml. With regard to the side effects, transient leucopenia was observed in four patients and serum GOT and GPT slightly elevated in two. Correlation between dose and serum level in the monotherapy group was not significant as well as in the combined therapy group. Serum DBZ levels in the monotherapy group were significantly higher than those in combined therapy group.
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PMID:Carbamazepine as a sole anticonvulsant for partial seizures. 12 70

Transaminase levels (GOT, GPT) of Sprague-Dawley-rats were not increased during long-term oral application of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in doses of 0.1 and 3.0 mg/kg/day respectively. Only rise of the daily dose to 12.0 mg/kg/ (4% of LD50) resulted in a significant increase of enzymatic activities after 2-3 months of treatment. By the determination of transaminases the process of liver cancerization cannot be discovered. The present method is also too insensitive to indicate the formation of smaller quantities of nitroso compounds from their precursors (amines plus nitrite) in vivo.
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PMID:Transaminase level (GOT, GPT) in rats under treatment with diethylnitrosamine. 12 7

In 110 children-between 0-16 years of age-, 90 children with Down-syndrome and 20 controls the following metabolic parameter were analyzed: ETK (vitamin-B1-activating coefficient), EGR (vitamin B2), P-5'-P, EGOT (vitamin B6), GOT, GPT, pH, K, Na, Ca, Cl, uric-acid (HS). Among some important correlations between the different parameters it could be demonstrated-for the first time to our knowledge-that in Mongoloids a disturbance of the vitamin-B1-metabolism exists, certified by the so-called transketolase-test.
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PMID:[Studies on the state of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 in Down's syndrome]. 12 24

In patients with increased levels of GOT, GPT, CPK, LDH, SP and AP in serum, the activities of these enzymes in nasal mucus are determined. Even in cases with extreme increase of activity in serum, the enzyme-activities in nasal mucus are normal. From this we concluded first, that the enzymes in nasal mucus are specific products of the intermediary metabolism of the mucous membranes and secondly, that the rate of transsudation of serum proteins by the nasal mucous membrane therefore is very low in physiological state.
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PMID:[Rate of transudation of the mucous membranes by testing the enzymes of the intermediary metabolism in the secretion of patients with different internal diseases (author's transl)]. 12 37

The activities of the aminotransferases, GOT and GPT, were determined in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, Wilson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Friedreich's ataxia, phenylketonuria, and head injuries. 1. In patients with Huntington's chorea the activity of SGOT was lower than in controls (P = 0.02); in Friedreich's ataxia LGPT activity was decreased (P less than 0.001); in patients suffering from ALS SGOT (P = 0.005), SGPT (P less than 0.001) and LGOT (P less than 0.001) activities were increased. 2. Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease and Wilson's disease with L-dopa resulted in an increase in SGOT, LGOT, and SGPT activity over approximately 2 months, with subsequent normalization of these enzyme activities in spite of continued therapy. Guanidine treatment led to an increase in aminotransferase activities in patients with ALS. Penicillamine caused a decrease in SGOT and SGPT activities in Wilson's disease. These results illustrate the necessity of taking therapeutic measures into account in the interpretation of data on aminotransferase activities.
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PMID:[The activity of aminotransferases in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in neurological diseases (author's transl)]. 12 63


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