Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum concentration of bilirubin and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, GPT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT), total amylase and pancreatic isoamylase have been determined in serum of 182 male chronic alcoholics. Twelve per cent had abnormally high levels of bilirubin, 73% increased activity of S-ASAT, 50% increased S-ALAT, and 69% increased S-GT. The highest values were often found after 5-20 years of well documented alcoholism. Some patients with alcoholism of more than 20 years' duration displayed a slight tendency towards normalization of the activities. For all parameters the scatter around the mean was greater in the patients than in the controls. Patients who had had attacks of delirium showed slightly higher S-ASAT and S-ALAT than other alcoholics. Determination of S-ALAT and S-bilirubin did not add to the cases with abnormal laboratory tests demonstrated by the combination of S-ASAT and S-GT. In 14 patients the above mentioned parameters were within normal limits, even though severe alcoholism had lasted for many years. Isoamylase determination disclosed 20% to have decreased activity of pancreatic isoamylases in serum, whereas only 6% had low total serum amylase activity.
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PMID:Amylase, hepatic enzymes and bilirubin in serum of chronic alcoholics. 1 9

Whereas glucocorticoids induce TAT, TRP, GPT in liver and only TAT in HTC cells, no hormonal effect on the synthesis of these enzymes was found in Zajdela hepatoma cells grown in vivo as an ascitic tumor, or in vitro as layer cultures. Although these cells remain uninducible, the hormone penetrates normally, but a strong decrease of the specific binding of cytosol and nuclear proteins with the hormone was observed. The impairment at the level of the hormone receptors could account for the non-inducibility of enzyme synthesis in ZHC cells.
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PMID:Impairment of enzyme induction by glucocorticoids in Zajdela hepatoma cells. 1 35

Gamma-GT, alcaline phosphatase and other parameters of abnormal liver functions were estimated in 54 consecutive in-patients having active RA but without a previous history or clinical signs of liver disease, and compared with a matched control group, suffering from degenerative rheumatic disease. There was a slight to moderate elevation of gamma-GT in 40.4% of the RA-patients (mean value 27.2 IU/l) and in 32.1% (mean value 22.3 IU/l) of the control group, respectively. The difference was not significant. Abnormal values in the control group occurred mainly in patients with peri-arthropathia of the shoulder, before mobilisation under anaethetic (3 of 5) and - coxarthrosis before total hip replacement (4 of 12). Alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 25.9% of the RA-patients (mean value 41.3 +/- 21.9 IU/l) and in 14.8% of the control group (mean value 34.3 +/- 15.9 IU/l). The difference was significant. There was a correlation between gamma-GT and alcaline phosphatase in the RA-group (r = 0.549, p less than 0.001) but not in the control group (r = 0.102). Abnormal values found in the control group were mainly found among patients with osteoporosis, following fractures, and coxarthrosis. The frequency of abnormal results and the value of the means increased with raising disease activity. Two groups of 30 and 32 patients, respectively, were examined at intervals of 2 or 4 weeks over a period of 6-10 and 18 months, respectively, and showed temporary elevations os gamma-GT in 3/4 of all patients, of GOT in 2/3 of alcaline phosphatase in 1/2 and of GPT in 1/3. Compared with other parameters of liver disease gamma-GT did not react in a different but in a more sensitive way. In our opinion it is the most sensitive indicator of reactive changes of the liver in RA.
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PMID:[Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in chronic polyarthritis. I. Comparison with a control group and relationship with alkaline phosphatase]. 1 55

Liver tests were performed postoperatively on 25 women with "healthy" livers. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type of anesthesia used: 1. halothane; 2. neuroleptic; 3. peridural. In all 3 groups the variations in serum proteins and liver enzymes were similar up to the 15th postoperative day. Variations of LDH, AP, LAP, and CHE were within normal range; slight to moderate increases above normal were observed for GPT, GOT, GLDH, and gamma-GT. All 3 groups barely differ with respect to enzyme levels during the postoperative course. We therefore interpret these changes to indicate a reaction of the liver to the stress of operation rather than to the mode of anesthesia.
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PMID:[The effect of anesthesia on the postoperative behavior of liver enzymes and protein fractions]. 1 75

In 34 cases of skull traumas and in 14 cases of acute cerebral accidents, CK, GOT, GPT, LDH and its isoenzymes were assessed in the patient's serum and CSF. Results show that the increase of the enzymatic level in the CSF seems due to cerebral tissue damage for the main part, when in the serum the increase is influenced by combined traumas. The CSF dosages allow to define a threshold of severeness, unlike serum dosages without any pronostic value.
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PMID:[Do enzyme determinations have any prognostic value in neurotraumatology?]. 1 85

Gamma-GT, which appears as a sensitive indicator in the enzyme pattern during postoperative examination, is especially recommended (besides the GOT and GPT enzymes) in detecting and watching the course of hepatocellular lesions. Distinction between parenchymatous and obstructive icterus can in some cases be made at an early stage by comparison with AP. Distinction between increases in biliary and ossal AP activity is possible with the help of Gamma-GT. Where liver metastases are suspected clinically, increased Gamma-GT activity makes metastization into the liver appear likely.
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PMID:[The influence of surgery on serum enzyme changes]. 1 33

The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and the concentrations of bilirubin in blood plasma after a single intraruminal application of aflatoxins were studied in four dairy cows. The maximum changes in the activities of the enzymes and the maximum bilirubin concentration in plasma were obtained in the first two to three days following the application of aflatoxins. The statistically significant increase of GOT activity, compared with activity before the application of aflatoxins, persisted until the 23rd day; in the case of LDH and GLDH the increase persisted until the 38th day from the application of aflatoxins. The activities of gamma-GTP and AP were slightly higher even on the 50th day. The increased concentration of bilirubin in plasma lasted until the 23rd day from aflatoxin application. The increased activities of enzymes testify to an impaired function of the liver, which is also proved by the specific enzymes GLDH, gamma-GTP, by increased bilirubin levels, and by histological changes known from literature. The evaluation of enzymatic activities and bilirubin concentration in plasma can make a valuable contribution to correct diagnosis of aflatoxicoses in cattle.
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PMID:[Changes in enzyme activity induced by experimental aflatoxicosis in dairy cows]. 1 36

The recent hypothesis that phototherapy is capable of altering the liver cell, enough to allow passive diffusion of free bilirubin from the blood to the bile, and the discovery of substantial differences between the breakdown products of bilirubin obtained in vivo and in vitro, has prompted the AA. to investigate the enzymatic values in newborn infants with jaundice undergoing phototherapy. A study was made of the variations of cytolithic enzymes (GPT-GOT-GLDH-SDH) and secretions enzymes (FA-LAP-gammaGT-CHE) before and after phototherapy among different sized groups of infants with jaundice, between the 36th and 40th week of the gestational age, and with body weight varying from 1940 to 4150 g. No significant alteration of the cytolithic enzymes were recorded and among the secretion enzymes only the gammaGT was seen to increase. According to the AA., phototherapy does not alter the presence of a possible transitory cholestasis in newborn infants with physiological jaundice and causes no significant damage to the liver cells.
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PMID:[Behavior of some liver enzyme activities in newborn infants with jaundice treated with phototherapy]. 2 91

The lysosomal glycosidase N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) is involved in the breakdown of connective tissue. The activity of this enzyme was determined in sera and biopsies of liver tissue from patients with chronic diseases of the liver of different aetiology. Elevation of enzyme activity was found to be related to an increase of the mesenchymeraction in the injured liver tissue. No correlation was found between activity of beta-NAG and of GPT, gammaGT and CHE.
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PMID:[Consideration of the mesenchyme-reaction in patients with cronical liver-diseases (author's transl)]. 2 15

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44


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