Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 342 patients undergoing open heart surgery we determined the serum enzyme levels of GOT, GPT, LDH, alpha-HBDH, LAP, CK and CK-MB from the beginning of the operation up to the 14 th postoperative day. There was an elevation of serum enzymes depending on the type of operation, the duration of extracorporal circulation and the postoperative course. A pattern of enzyme changes for uncomplicated cases is described. The investigations demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between the elevation of "liver specific enzymes" and right heart failure on one hand and of "heart specific enzymes" and myocardial ischemia on the other hand. It is concluded that only repeated determinations beginning with the operation enable to evaluate serum enzyme levels.
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PMID:[The value of enzyme-determination after cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. 71 52

The authors administered lovastatin (Mevacor, MSD) to 18 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (familial and non-familial) with a lipoprotein pattern type IIa and IIb. During treatment a marked reduction of atherogenic indicators of the lipid metabolism occurred, i.e. a decline of total cholesterol (-28.6%), LDL-cholesterol -39%), apolipoprotein B (-18.6%), the index of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (-44.6%) and the index LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (-48.2%). At the same time a favourable effect on indicators of the lipid metabolism to which a protective action is ascribed was recorded: a rise of HDL-cholesterol (+13.6%) and apolipoprotein AI (+13%) and AII (+13%). An excellent effect was observed also in four heterozygotes with familial hypercholesterolaemia which is usually rather resistant to other types of hypolipidaemic treatment. The drug was very well tolerated and subjective side-effects of treatment were minimal. Despite the fact that a number of laboratory indicators was followed up, the authors did not observe any undesirable side-effects, only a transient and marginal rise of ALT in one patient. Lovastatin is, due to its potent hypolipidaemic effect, a new hope in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Its usefulness in the prevention of ischaemic heart disease, as well as its safety during prolonged administration are tested at present in long-term investigations.
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PMID:[Personal experience with lovastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (Mevacor, MSD) in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. 184 44

The behavior of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was evaluated during the first 30 postnatal days in 16 neonates with clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of transient myocardial ischemia. These common laboratory tests, requested usually as an aid to diagnosis and surveillance of myocardial damage both in the adult and infant age groups, do not seem to have any value in the perinatal period compared to established reference values of healthy or asphyxiated controls.
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PMID:Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase serum activities in neonatal transient myocardial ischemia. 335 73

The following parameters were studied in 27 newly diagnosed and not treated patients with primary hypothyroidism: TTH, creatine kinase (CK) with MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with isoenzymes LDH1 and LDH5, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) before and after 20-day substitutive therapy. It has been established that the enzymes were increased in about 60% of the untreated patients, and the typical enzyme constellation for hypothyroidism consisted of CK with MB isoenzymes, ASAT and LDH1. The myocardial isoenzymes were normalized within the period of substitutive therapy. The enzymes were established to be elevated only in the patients that had increased CK. The follow up of the above enzyme constellation before and during the initial phases of the treatment of hypothyroidism could provide considerable possibilities of differential diagnosis with ischemic heart disease, often manifested during that period. The determination of CK in advance would be a screening determining the necessity of studies on the enzyme constellation.
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PMID:[Serum enzymes in hypothyroidism]. 360 1

We examined sera from 159 patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension and from 50 apparently healthy control subjects for content of trace elements, cholesterol, triglyceride, and enzymes. Concentrations of copper, cobalt, cholesterol, and triglyceride were increased in all patients, but calcium was decreased in patients with hypertension, acute myocardial ischemia, and acute myocardial infarction. Also accompanying acute myocardial infarction were decreased concentrations of zinc and iron but increases in nickel, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Magnesium concentration was lower in patients with acute myocardial ischemia. In acute myocardial infarction, the concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron were higher after 21-30 h (as compared with the values at 0-10 h), by which time concentrations of calcium, magnesium, cobalt, and alanine aminotransferase had decreased. The variation in concentration of trace elements in serum from cases of ischemic heart disease and hypertension corresponds to the severity of the disorder.
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PMID:Trace elements in serum from Pakistani patients with acute and chronic ischemic heart disease and hypertension. 671 25

Lp(a), an independent risk factor of thrombotic and arteriosclerotic diseases, was determined in subjects undergoing health examinations, and the significance of the determination of Lp(a) in such examinations was investigated by studying its relation wih other risk factors for arteriosclerosis, etc. The subjects were 838 individuals. Lp(a) was determined by latex immunoassay (LIA). The mean Lp(a) value for all of the subjects was 10.9 +/- 7.2 mg/dl. Both gender groups were compared by age, but no significant changes were observed. In a study of Lp(a) in accordance with complications, there was no significant difference between the DM group and the non-DM group. There was also no significant difference between the IHD group and the non-IHD group. In the hyperlipemia group, the value of Lp(a) tender to be higher than in the non-hyperlipemia group. In the abnormal ECG group, the Lp(a) value was significantly higher than in the normal ECG group. When the relation between Lp(a) and other factors was studied, there was positive correlation with TC, beta Lp and LDLC, and a significant negative correlation with TRG. There was significant negative correlation with GOT, GPT and TTT. When the incidence of disease was compared by cut-off value, the incidence of abnormal ECGs was significantly higher at Lp(a) values of 25 mgdl or higher. In this study, Lp(a) showed positive correlations with TC, beta Lp and LDLC, the atherogenic risk of Lp(a) was evident. Because of the significant incidence of abnormal ECGs at the Lp(a) cut-off value of 25 mg/dl or higher, the risk range for Lp(a) should probably be considered as 25 mg/dl or higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The significance of determination of Lp(a) in health examinations]. 793 55

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have proven to be effective in the reduction of ischemia/reperfusion damage after myocardial ischemia. Whether this favorable effect can be related to other models of ischemia and reperfusion has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we studied in a model of syngeneic liver transplantation in the rat the effect of recipient enalapril treatment on postischemic liver injury. Untreated animals served as the control group. Treatment with enalapril was started 5 minutes before reperfusion by intravenous infusion of enalapril at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/h. By means of in vivo microscopy, the sinusoidal perfusion rate and leukocyte adherence in sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules were analyzed during 45 to 60 minutes of reperfusion. Liver function was monitored by measuring bile output over a period of 60 minutes. Analysis of coagulation factors (prothrombin time, factor V, fibrinogen) and liver enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST]) served for the evaluation of organ dysfunction and damage secondary to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The sinusoidal perfusion rate was significantly improved by enalapril treatment (94.7% [1.0] vs. 75.3% [3.8]; mean [SEM]; P = .005). In addition, leukocyte-sticking in both liver sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules was remarkably reduced in enalapril-treated animals as compared with controls (stickers/lobule: 21.0 [3.3] vs. 59.2 [2.1]; P = .0004; stickers/mm2 venular surface: 20.5 [4.7] vs. 110.3 [18.1]; P = .0004). Moreover, bile output was increased (1.13 [0.35] vs. 0.43 [0.18] g bile/60 min x 100 g liver; P = .06). Values for PT (22.5% [2.1] vs. 9.7% [1.8]; P = .005), factor V 99.4% [9.5] vs. 49.5% [8.5]; P = .007), and fibrinogen (64.1% [7.7] vs. 12.8% [3.2]; P = .001) were significantly improved, paralleled by a remarkable reduction in serum ALT (1,428 U/L [190] vs. 2,315 [248]; P = .02). Our data show for the first time that ACE inhibition in the liver recipient by enalapril attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion damage after experimental liver transplantation. Our results may offer a novel approach to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical liver transplantation.
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PMID:Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by enalapril: a novel approach to reduce ischemia/reperfusion damage after experimental liver transplantation. 904 13

Adult GH deficiency (AGHD) has been established as a syndrome associated with various metabolic disturbances such as hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance and protein catabolism, in addition to changes in body composition such as increased visceral fat, decreased muscle mass and bone density. We investigated the clinical findings, complications and prognosis of AGHD in Japan. The questionnaire was sent to various expert facilities of endocrinology and metabolism to gather cross-sectional information as well as longitudinal follow-up data on adult patients with hypopituitarism. We received answers on 422 subjects, of which number the GH stimulation test was performed in only 63% of them. An age- and sex-matched group of 259 adults with hypopituitarism (125 male and 134 female subjects) was finally selected for this investigation. Of them 185 subjects (81 male and 104 females) were diagnosed as AGHD with plasma peak GH levels less than 3 ng/ml after GH stimulation test. Male adult patients with GHD had significantly lower ratio of smoking and drinking in their life style compared with those without GHD. Male adult patients with GHD revealed significantly higher BMI on physical examination, and significantly higher plasma ALT, AST, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in blood chemistry compared with those without GHD (P < 0.05). Though patients with ischemic heart disease were more frequent in female patients than male patients, the rate of frequency was not different between female adult patients with and without GHD. Clinical characteristics found in especially male adult patients with GHD in Japan were consistent with findings reported so far in foreign countries. However, consequent complications such as atherosclerosis seemed less severe than expected. Moreover, GH stimulation test for the diagnosis of AGHD as well as clinical test to perform when AGHD was suspected is still less frequently carried out. Therefore, the clinical outcome of AGHD in our country requires further investigation.
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PMID:Adult growth hormone deficiency in Japan: results of investigation by questionnaire. 1262 8

The annual statistical survey conducted at the end of 2000 by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy collected responses from 3358 (99.94%) of 3360 institutions. Japan's total dialysis patient population at the end of the year 2000, as identified by this survey, was 206,134, an increase of 8921 (4.5%) over 1999. This translates to 1624.1 patients per million population. The annual crude mortality rate was 9.4% for the period starting at the end of the year 1999 and ending at the end of the year 2000. The mean patient age at the initiation of dialysis treatment was 63.8 (+/- 13.9; +/- SD) years; the mean age of the overall dialysis patient population was 61.2 years (+/- 13.3). Both these mean ages, which had been increasing since 1983, again continued to increase. Among the primary diagnosis, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy had continued to increase again since 1999, to 36.6%, whereas that of chronic glomerulonephritis had continued to decline, down to 32.5%, during the same one-year period since the 1999 survey. The 2000 years-end survey incorporated the following additional variables for the first time: usage of oral antihypertensives, pre- and post-dialysis systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum HDL cholesterol level, types and dosage of oral Vitamin D analogs administered, dosage of oral calcium carbonate administered, history of intervention for peripheral vascular disease (bypass surgery, synthetic graft replacement, stenting), history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), whether stenting had been previously performed for the treatment of ischemic heart disease, number of cigarettes smoked, the type of vascular access used at the initiation of dialysis, and the year and month the vascular access was created. The survey results indicate that 60.9% of the total dialysis patient population was using oral antihypertensives. The patients' mean serum HDL cholesterol level was 47.65 +/- 18.47 mg/dL, showing positive correlation with serum albumin level and reverse correlation with body mass index. 1.6% of all dialysis patients had previously undergone amputation, and 0.7% had a history of bypass surgery for peripheral vascular disorder. 4.5% of hemodialysis patients had a history of cardiac infarction, 1.6% had previously undergone CABG, and 2.8%, PTCA. At the time the survey was conducted, 2.0% of all dialysis patients were undergoing oral Vitamin D analog pulse therapy, and 6% were undergoing intravenous Vitamin D analog pulse therapy. A history of amputation, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and cerebral bleeding were identified as high-risk factors of vital prognosis. Additionally, high mortality risk was associated with the following: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels exceeding 20 IU/L; positive HCV antibody status; comorbid conditions such as hepatic cell carcinoma and liver cirrhosis; platelet counts below 100,000/mL or equal to or greater than 200,000/mL; C-reactive protein levels of 0.2 mg/dL and higher, leukocyte counts of less than 3000/mL or equal to or greater than 8000/mL; and body mass index of below 22 kg/m2, as well as total serum cholesterol levels of below 160 mg/dL or equal to or greater than 260 mg/dL.
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PMID:The current state of chronic dialysis treatment in Japan (as of December 31, 2000). 1292 Nov 11

The dysfunction of muscles, especially that of the cardiac muscle, is one of the most dangerous for the life pathological states. The determination of biochemical indexes such as AST, ALT, CK, LDH, mioglobin, etc., which has been used so far in animals is not a sufficient diagnostic method. Therefore, new markers, levels of which could reflect the state of a patient more precisely, have been sought. Troponin, a protein found in skeletal and cardiac muscles only, has been considered a reliable index of myocardial ischemia in animals, especially in dogs. Its diagnostic properties have appeared to be a valuable complementation of the other diagnostic methods and thus could have gained a lot of veterinary practitioners interest.
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PMID:Troponin--a new marker in the diagnostics of muscle diseases in animals. 1470 75


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