Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For assessing the role of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in chronic hepatitis C, the relative frequency of CIC was determined in 54 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 15 asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers, and 54 healthy controls. IgM and IgG containing CIC were studied using both C1q and conglutinin (K) in an immunoglobulin-specific solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. CIC were a common feature of chronic hepatitis C with 96.3% of patients with at least one abnormal test result. The prevalence of elevated IgG-K, IgM-K, IgG-C1q, and IgM-C1q CIC was 70.3%, 50.0%, 64.8%, and 35.1%, respectively. The prevalence of IgG class CIC was higher than IgM class CIC (P = 0.038 for K-CIC and P = 0.01 for C1q-CIC, respectively). There is correlation between IgG-K CIC and IgG-C1q CIC (r = 0.445, P = 0.002), IgG-K CIC and IgM-C1q CIC (r = 0.348, P = 0.020), IgM-K CIC and aspartic aminotransferase (r = 0.321, P = 0.015), IgM-K CIC and alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.301, P = 0.027). Compared to patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic lobular hepatitis, patients with chronic active hepatitis have a higher prevalence of elevated IgG-K CIC (77.2% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.029) and IgM-K CIC (56.8% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.038). The concentration of IgG-K, IgM-K, and IgM-C1q CIC in the former was significantly higher than that in the latter, respectively. In conclusion, IgG class CIC is the major type of CIC in chronic hepatitis C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes in chronic hepatitis C. 762

To determine whether the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia correlates with the severity of liver disease in anti-HCV-positive apparently healthy blood donors, we studied 98 blood donors found positive for anti-HCV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each subject underwent a liver biopsy, a test for HCV RNA in the serum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a panel of liver injury tests. As a result, 97% of the anti-HCV-positive blood donors had some type of histological abnormality:22 (22%) had minimal changes, 1 (1%) had chronic lobular hepatitis, 40 (41%) had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), and 32 (33%) had chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Only 3 subjects had a normal liver histology. HCV RNA was detectable in the serum in 65% of the anti-HCV-positive donors. HCV RNA in serum was detectable in none of the donors with a normal liver histology, in 36% (confidence interval [CI], 17% to 59%) of those with minimal changes, in 70% (CI, 53% to 83%) of those with CPH, and in 87% (CI, 71% to 96%) of those with CAH (P = .00001). HCV RNA was detectable in 75% of the donors with elevated (> 45 U/L) alanine transaminase (ALT) values and in 59% of those with normal ALT levels (P = not significant). The incidence of chronic hepatitis was higher in HCV RNA-positive than in HCV RNA-negative donors (88% vs. 50%; P = .00005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Does the healthy hepatitis C virus carrier state really exist? An analysis using polymerase chain reaction. 763 8

Seventy-three Swedish blood donors (52 men, 21 women; median age 36 years) repeatedly reactive for hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV C-100-3) were tested with a second-generation (2nd-gen) anti-HCV Elisa and a 4-band recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA 2). These results were correlated to serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT), liver morphology and viremia as detected by 'nested' polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on primers from a 5'-noncoding sequence of the HCV genome. Thirty-five of 46 (76%) donors with positive 2nd-gen Elisa tests confirmed by RIBA 2 were PCR positive whereof 27 had histological findings compatible with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 7 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Ten of 56 (18%) 2nd-gen Elisa-positive donors were RIBA 2 negative (or indeterminate) and none of these had chronic hepatitis nor were PCR positive. Seventeen of 73 (23%) donors were 1st-gen Elisa positive but 2nd-gen Elisa negative. All of these were PCR negative and only 1 (6%) had chronic hepatitis (CPH). An elevated S-ALAT level (reference < 0.7 mu kat/l) was found in 26 2nd-gen Elisa and RIBA 2-positive donors of which 18 had CPH and 7 had CAH and all 25 were PCR positive. A normal S-ALAT level was found in 9 of 34 (26%) donors with chronic hepatitis (all had CPH) and positive PCR. We have found that blood donors with positive 2nd-gen anti-HCV Elisa tests confirmed by RIBA-2 and especially with a concomitant elevated S-ALAT are highly likely to be viremic as demonstrated by PCR and to have chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:Second-generation hepatitis C Elisa antibody tests confirmed by the four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay correlate well with hepatitis C viremia and chronic liver disease in Swedish blood donors. 768 76

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated in 231 renal transplantation recipients, by a first- and second-generation EIA assay and a second-generation immunoblot assay (4-RIBA). Before transplantation, prevalence of anti-HCV was 22.6% and was related to the time on dialysis (p < 0.01), transfusions (p < 0.01) and previous history of chronic liver disease (p < 0.01. Following transplantation, 32 patients (13.9%) were anti-HCV positive by the first-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and it increased to 57 patients (24.7%) when anti-HCV was measured by the second-generation EIA. The 4-RIBA assay confirmed the positivity in 46 patients (80.7%), 11 patients (19.3%) were indeterminate. Seroconversion after grafting was observed in 7 negative patients, and another 7 patients became negative after the procedure. The presence of anti-HCV antibody after transplantation was determined by the patient status on dialysis, 80% of them being positive before surgery. Twenty-one 4-RIBA-positive transplantation patients (45.7%) had persistently or intermittently abnormalities on liver function tests, suggesting chronic liver disease. A liver biopsy performed on 10 of these patients showed; chronic active hepatitis in 6, chronic persistent hepatitis in 2, and chronic lobular hepatitis in the other 2 patients. Another 23 4-RIBA-positive transplantation patients had normal alanine aminotransferase levels despite long follow-up (66.2 +/- 32.2 months). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody can be underestimated if the antibody is measured by first-generation EIA alone. About 50% of patients with anti-HCV had chronic liver disease, and the histological findings suggested a possible evolution to cirrhosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis C antibody after kidney transplantation: clinical significance. 769 26

Eighty patients with chronic hepatitis C who completed a previously reported randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of interferon-alpha 2b were followed up for at least 36 mo after therapy discontinuation. Seventeen patients (21.2%) maintained normal ALT values throughout the follow-up; 63 (78.8%) either did not normalize the levels of ALT or relapsed during the follow-up. A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with 3 million units of interferon three times a week subcutaneously for 48 wk were long-term responders compared with patients treated for 24 wk. Sex, age, hepatitis C virus antibody status, source of infection and pretreatment levels of ALT were not predictive of long-term response. Cirrhosis was found to be an unfavorable predictive factor. After 3 yr of follow-up, clearance of viremia was observed in 58.9% of the 17 long-term responders but in none of the non-responders (p = 0.002). E2-NS1 antibody tested negative in 88.2% of long-term responders and in 14.3% of nonresponders (p = 0.001). Fifty-nine percent of long-term responders tested negative for C100-NS4 antibody compared with 14.3% of nonresponders (p = 0.031). No significant change was observed in other antibodies. Four long-term responders underwent liver biopsy 2 yr after discontinuation of therapy. All four patients had normal liver histology compared with baseline assessment of chronic active hepatitis in three and chronic persistent hepatitis in the other. Three of the four were negative for serum hepatitis C virus RNA.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with different doses of interferon-alpha 2b. 769 94

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TNF alpha levels in peripheral blood of patients with twenty-one cases of chronic persistent hepatitis (7.3 +/- 9.5 micrograms/L), fourty-two cases of chronic active hepatitis (15.4 +/- 31.1 micrograms/L), one hundred and six cases of liver cirrhosis (11.1 +/- 17.7 micrograms/L) and one hundred and ten cases of parimary hepatocellular carcinoma (10.9 +/- 13.3 micrograms/L) was significantly increased when compared with normal controls (4.3 +/- 2.9 micrograms/L) (P < 0.01). There was significant correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and ALT elevation and also between TNF alpha levels and bilirubin contents more than 100 mumol/L in chronic hepatitis patients. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels was also significantly in HBV concomitant with HCV and/or HDV infection than in HBV infection alone. There was no correlation in tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and AFP concentrations. These findings show that tumor necrosis factor participates in the activity process of liver disease.
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PMID:[Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in patients with chronic liver diseases and its relationship to pathogenesis]. 771 14

We studied the perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 70 high risk mother/infant pairs. Seventy-six percent of the mothers (53 of 70) were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 79% (55 of 70) had a history of drug addiction. During the follow-up HCV RNA was detected in 14 of 70 (20%) infants: 12% (2 of 17) in infants born to HIV-negative mothers; and 23% (12 of 53) in infants to HIV-positive mothers. The rate of vertical transmission was significantly higher in vaginally delivered infants than in those delivered by cesarean section (32% vs. 6%; P < 0.05). All 56 uninfected infants lost passively acquired anti-HCV by age 9 +/- 4 months and only 2 of 56 infants (4%) had evidence of HIV infection. Four of 14 HCV RNA-positive infants (29%) had evidence of HIV coinfection. We observed 3 clinical patterns of HCV infection: a transient viremia in 2 infants; an acute pattern in 2 infants; and a chronic pattern in 10 infants. All 4 HIV-coinfected infants had chronic HCV infection. All infants with a chronic pattern, had increased alanine aminotransferase values for more than 6 months and 5 had a liver biopsy that showed signs of chronic persistent hepatitis. HCV perinatal transmission was more frequent in infants born to HIV-coinfected mothers than in infants born to HIV-noninfected women, particularly when delivered vaginally.
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PMID:Perinatal transmission and manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection in a high risk population. 776 Nov 84

Sixty patients of both sexes with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C were randomized to receive lymphoblastoid interferon 3 MU or 6 MU three times weekly for 6 months. A follow-up period of 3 months at the end of the therapy was scheduled. Thirty-two patients (53.3%) normalized alanine aminotransferase at the end of the therapy. Of these, 17 received 3 MU (56.7%) and 15 (50%) received 6 MU. Eighteen of the 32 patients (56.2%) relapsed in the follow-up period after treatment. No significant difference in relapse rate was observed between the two groups. The overall percentage of the non-responder patients was 36.6%. The treatment was discontinued because of non-compliance and/or side effects in six patients (10%): three in the 3-MU group and three in the 6-MU group. An improvement in liver histology was observed in about a quarter of chronic active hepatitis patients whose overall diagnosis changed to chronic persistent hepatitis. Knodell's score system showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) with regard to peripheral necrosis, fibrosis and total score. HCV-RNA was positive at the beginning in all patients and it became undetectable in almost all responder patients. In some cases there was no correlation between viraemia and biochemical signs of liver disease. Our study shows that 6 MU does not increase the response rate compared to 3 MU. Moreover, the lower dose is able to improve the liver histology and to abolish the HCV viraemia in responder patients.
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PMID:Lymphoblastoid interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C: biochemical, virological and histological evaluation of two different doses. 777 53

A 27-year-old man with psoriasis was administered with leukocyte derived interferon-alpha for the treatment of chronic persistent hepatitis C. After 3 weeks of injections and eventual normalization of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, he began to experience polyarthritis, with worsening of psoriatic skin lesions. Tests for antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor were negative, indicating a direct association between interferon therapy and occurrence of seronegative arthritis.
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PMID:Arthritis in a patient with psoriasis after interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C. 779 67

We investigated the serum level of macrophage colony stimulating factor in acute and chronic liver disease. Levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (mean +/- SD, ng/ml) were significantly higher in acute hepatitis (5.67 +/- 1.01, p < 0.01) and chronic active hepatitis (3.34 +/- 1.19, p < 0.01) than in healthy volunteers (1.90 +/- 0.25), asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers (1.98 +/- 0.40), and chronic persistent hepatitis (2.34 +/- 0.43). Levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor showed a highly significant correlation with the serum alanine aminotransferase levels in acute hepatitis (p < 0.01, rs = 0.903) and in chronic active hepatis (p < 0.01, rs = 0.672). Levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor in patients with cirrhosis (cirrhosis; 3.11 +/- 0.93 and hepatocellular carcinoma; 3.30 +/- 0.74) were significantly higher than in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis although the alanine aminotransferase levels were not significantly different. In cirrhosis, levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor correlated positively with the serum alanine aminotransferase levels (p < 0.05), total bilirubin levels (p < 0.05), and indocyanine green clearance (p < 0.05). An immunohistochemical study showed an increased number of macrophage colony stimulating factor positive mononuclear cells in portal areas in acute hepatitis. Our findings suggest that; (a) the serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor represent ongoing hepatocellular necrosis in acute and chronic liver disease, (b) the source of the increase in the serum macrophage colony stimulating factor levels in hepatic inflammation may be, in part, its production by infiltrating mononuclear cells in the liver, and (c) cirrhosis also causes elevated serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor.
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PMID:Serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in liver disease. 781 98


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