Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood donors has been related to the frequency of posttransfusion hepatitis in recipients. Sixty-seven donors with elevated ALT levels were evaluated to define the duration and significance of the elevation. The ALT level remained elevated in 41 donors (61%) for a mean interval of 9 months. The ALT level was greater than the aspartate aminotransferase in all of the donors. Alcohol intake did not correlate with ALT level. Donors with persistently elevated ALT levels had a significantly higher mean percent ideal body weight (128 +/- 3.9) than donors whose ALT level became normal (116 +/- 3.1). Nine donors with elevated ALT levels for at least 6 months had needle biopsies of the liver. Seven had prominent fatty vacuolization of hepatocytes without evidence of alcoholic hepatitis. One biopsy demonstrated chronic persistent hepatitis. No other cause for the elevated ALT levels could be identified. An overweight male donor with an isolated ALT elevation may need no further investigation unless clinical evaluation suggests a source of liver injury.
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PMID:The persistence and significance of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels in blood donors. 398 3

Peripheral T-cell subsets in 77 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic liver diseases were studied by indirect immunofluorescence using murine monoclonal antibodies against all peripheral T cells (OKT3), T-helper/inducer cells (OKT4), and T-cytoxic/suppressor cells (OKT8). OKT4/OKT8 ratios were significantly reduced in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic liver diseases, including 28 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (P less than 0.001) and 15 with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) (P less than 0.001). OKT4/OKT8 ratios were significantly lower in 21 HBeAg-negative patients with CAH (P less than 0.05), as compared to those of 17 normal controls, while T-cell subsets in 13 patients with HBeAg-negative CPH were essentially normal. Low OKT4/OKT8 ratios significantly correlated with HBeAg positivity (P less than 0.001) and CAH (P less than 0.05), as assessed with multiple regression. There was a significant negative correlation between OKT4/OKT8 ratios and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels (r = -0.37; P less than 0.01). It was concluded that in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, low OKT4/OKT8 ratios are closely related to active viral replication and more severe histological and biochemical activity.
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PMID:Peripheral T-cell subsets in chronic type B hepatitis: correlation with biochemical and histological activities and hepatitis B e antigen/antibody status. 623 72

The relationship between glutaraldehyde-treated polymeryzed human serum albumin (pHSA) and HBe antigen (HBeAg)-positive serum was examined by the use of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The author succeeded in measuring the pHSA binding activity (pHSA-BA) of HB surface antigen (HBsAg) particles in the present ELISA method using horseradish peroxidase-labelled pHSA after fixation of HBsAg on an anti-HBs-coated well of polystyrene microplates. In HBeAg-positive group, the pHSA-BA of sera of 40 asymptomatic carriers and 2 chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) patients were higher than those of 8 chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (p less than 0.01) and 8 liver cirrhosis sera (p less than 0.05). On the contrary, in the anti-HBe-positive group the pHSA-BA of 17 asymptomatic carriers and 3 CPH sera were lower than those of 8 CAH (p less than 0.005) and 10 liver cirrhosis patient sera (p less than 0.005). In the both-negative group the pHSA-BA of 8 asymptomatic carrier and 3 CPH sera were also lower than that of 8 CAH (p less than 0.05). In acute exacerbation of HBsAg-positive CAH the pHSA-BA elevated one to two months before the peak of S-GPT level, being correlated with the DNA-polymerase activity. Because of its apparent reproducibility, it is concluded that low cost and some advantages may have clinical utility in the same setting as the HBeAg is now used.
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PMID:Detection of serum albumin receptor in hepatitis B virus carriers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 629 49

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of circulating viral markers with ongoing liver disease in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was significantly more likely to be associated with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity than was anti-HBe in a group of 102 HBsAg carriers (p less than 0.0001). Within this group, 57 carriers were analyzed for HBeAg, DNA polymerase, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer, and the relation of each with abnormal ALT was determined. Both HBeAg and elevated DNA polymerase were much more likely to reflect abnormal ALT (p less than 0.00001 and 0.0006, respectively) than did HBsAg titer. Unlike previous studies, higher titers of HBsAg would not be demonstrated in healthy carriers when compared to HBsAg carriers with chronic elevation of ALT; nor were differences in titer appreciated between chronic active and chronic persistent hepatitis. The potential significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:The relationship of hepatitis B e antigen, DNA polymerase activity, and titer of hepatitis B surface antigen with ongoing liver injury in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 709 Nov 31

Hyperbilirubinemia in Crigler-Najjar disease type I (CN) can be partially controlled by daily phototherapy, but these children remain at permanent risk of developing brain damage due to kernicterus. Because liver transplantation is the only available curative treatment for liver-based inborn errors of metabolism, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was performed in six patients with CN. Mean age at surgery was 52.5 months (range 27 to 100). Despite a mean daily phototherapy of 12.4 +/- 0.8 hr, mean bilirubin of the 6 patients was 388 microM/L (range 175 to 703) before OLT; one of them was also being treated with tin-protoporphyrin. All 6 had elevated AST/ALT, ranging from 1.4 to 6 times upper normal values. Complications occurred in three patients after OLT, including miliary tuberculosis in one, graft rejection and retransplantation in one, and hepatic artery thrombosis in one. All patients survive with normal serum bilirubin level (follow up 6 to 116 months). Four have normal enzymes on post-OLT follow-up (30 to 95 months), follow a normal education program, and have a normal social life. One recently transplanted patient has progressively normalizing liver function tests 6 months after OLT. One patient transplanted at 8 y.o. (now 116 months post-OLT) has moderate neurological delay due to pretransplant kernicterus, and posttransplant chronic persistent hepatitis. Our series shows that OLT cures hyperbilirubinemia in CN patients, with an excellent survival prospect. The procedure should be decided upon before neurological sequelae occur, since these persist after transplantation.
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PMID:Orthotopic liver transplantation for Crigler-Najjar type I disease in six children. 748 14

The efficacy of recombinant interferon-alfa therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C has been evaluated in a randomized, controlled pilot study including 27 patients, aged 2 to 14 years, without underlying systemic diseases. On entry, all patients had abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, 22 were hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA positive, 19 had mild chronic active hepatitis, and 8 had chronic persistent hepatitis on liver biopsy. Fourteen children received 5 MU/m2 of recombinant interferon-alfa2b thrice weekly for 4 months. If at this time ALT had been reduced to at least 50% the baseline level, treatment was continued up to 12 months. The other 13 children remained untreated. The whole follow-up period lasted 24 months. Interferon was stopped at 4 months in 4 children because of an ALT increase (2 cases), unchanged ALT and febrile convulsions (1 case), and slight ALT decrease (1 case). This latter patient, however, had normal ALT at 6 months and throughout further follow-up, and cleared HCV RNA, thus behaving as a sustained responder. All 10 children treated for 12 months had normal levels of ALT, and 9 were HCV RNA negative at the end of treatment. Of the 9 children who could be followed to 24 months, 4 relapsed soon after therapy withdrawal and 5 maintained a sustained biochemical and virologic response. Overall, 6 (43%) of 14 treated children had a sustained ALT normalization associated with HCV RNA clearance as compared with only 1 (7.5%) untreated child who had a sustained ALT normalization but did not clear HCV RNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Recombinant interferon-alfa therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C. 748 65

To determine how various factors influence the response to interferon (IFN) therapy, we retrospectively studied 157 consecutive Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C who received various treatment schedules of IFN. They were divided into two groups on the bases of outcome. One group was comprised of 65 patients who achieved a sustained normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels for at least 6 months after treatment, while the other group was comprised of 84 patients with persistent elevation of serum ALT levels, despite treatment. Genotyping of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genotype specific primers, analysing the variations in nucleotide sequence within the NS 5 region of the HCV genome, namely genotypes PT, K1, K2a and K2b. We then used a multivariate analysis to determine the factors related to mode of treatment, patient characteristics and HCV genotype in relation to the response to IFN therapy. Of the 16 factors analysed, the HCV genotype (genotype K2a or K2b, P < 0.0008), treatment schedule (intermittent administration following a daily schedule, designated as combined schedule, P > 0.0014) and liver histology just before treatment (chronic persistent hepatitis or mild chronic aggressive hepatitis, P < 0.0324) were the most strongly correlated with a normalizing response to IFN therapy. These results suggest that not only are the IFN treatment schedule and patient profile significant, but the properties of the virus also influences the response. However, as the IFN treatment schedule is the only changeable factor, it should be designed to maximize the benefit of IFN therapy.
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PMID:Factors useful in predicting the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. 750 84

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently found in autoimmune hepatitis and mixed cryoglobulinaemia. In these conditions HCV could be responsible for immuno-mediated organ alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of immunological alterations in PCT patients, in which HCV infection has been frequently found. Twenty-three PCT patients were evaluated for clinical and serological alterations, including: chronic hepatitis, other systemic symptoms, serum cryoglobulins and rheumatoid factor (RF), haemolytic complement, serum immunoglobulins, anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-smooth muscle (ASMA), anti-liver-kidney-microsomal (anti-LKM1), anti-soluble-liver-antigen (SLA), anti-mitochondrial (AMA), anti-GOR antibodies, anti-HCV and HCV RNA. Abnormal serum ALT were present in the majority of cases (20/23, 87%), while liver biopsy revealed a chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic active hepatitis in 15/20 (75%) PCT patients. In a high percentage of subjects (91%) the presence of anti-HCV was detected by ELISA and RIBA II (Chiron, Emeryville CA, USA). In 17/22 (77%) cases the ongoing HCV replication in the serum was demonstrated by the detection of HCV genomes (polymerase chain reaction). The prevalence of both anti-HCV and HCV RNA in PCT was significantly higher if compared to 22 systemic immunological diseases (P < 0.001) and 47 healthy subjects (P < 0.001). A possible HCV-induced autoimmunity in PCT was suggested by the presence of the following immunological parameter alterations: anti-GOR in 13/23 (57%), ANA in 4/23 (17%), ASMA in 18/23 (78%), anti-LKM1 in 1/23 (4%), RF in 23/23 (100%), mixed cryoglobulins in 4/23 (17%), complement consumption in 10/23 (43%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus-related autoimmunity in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. 751 37

In order to elucidate causative factors in HCV infection and natural history of HCV seropositive cases, examinees of adult health screening in two rural districts near Asahikawa (Groups A and B) were tested for HCV antibody and the clinical data of the HCV seropositive cases were retrospectively followed up. The examinees who showed cut-off index not less than 2.0 in C100-3 antibody test were taken as HCV seropositive cases. HCV seropositive rate was 5.1% for Group A, compared with 2.7% for Group B. HCV related factors were examined between HCV seropositive cases and age/sex-matched controls in the same group. As a result, blood transfusion and operation histories proved to be responsible for HCV seroreactivity in both Groups A and B. Although no significant difference was noted in blood transfusion and operation histories between Groups A and B, the rates with past history of liver disease, HBV exposure, and advanced age above 60 were significantly higher for Group A, suggesting HCV related factors other than blood transfusion and operation to be regionally different. Majority of HCV seropositive cases (79.2%) were ALT-normal, but 42.5% and 32.5% of this group showed ZTT- and ADA-abnormality, compared with 6.5 and 10.9% of the normal ALT group of HBV carriers respectively. HCV seropositive cases could be classified as ALT-abnormal (group I), ALT-transition from normal to abnormal (group II) and ALT-persistently normal (group III), depending on the change in ALT level during follow-up period. Of these, group III represented 38% of HCV seropositive cases. The rate in which the HCV seropositive cases of this group III showed ZTT abnormality at least once during follow-up period was 81% and significantly higher than 43.5% for HBV carriers with persistently normal ALT level. Significant correlations between ZTT and IgG values were noted for both HCV seropositive cases and HBV carriers with persistently normal ALT level. For HCV seropositive cases, ZTT and IgG showed broad distributions from low to high values, compared with distribution in normal area for HBV carriers. ZTT-abnormality in HCV seropositive cases may reflect some hepatic changes, because no other factors contribute to their ZTT abnormality. At least, some of group III HCV seropositive cases found in health screening may represent those who make no progress with chronic persistent hepatitis.
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PMID:[Natural history of HCV seropositive cases found in health screening]. 753 93

The point mutation in the precore region of hepatitis B viral genome (nt83) was tested with the method of mispairing PCR-RFLP in 54 chronic hepatitis B patients all confirmed by liver biopsy. The over all detection rate of pre-C mutation was 66.7% and the detection rate of pre-C mutation in chronic active hepatitis patients was as high as 80.0%, being significantly higher than that in chronic persistent hepatitis (46.7%). The detection rate of pre-C mutation was 41.2% in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive group and 63.3% in anti-HBe(+) group respectively. The detection rate in anti-HBe(+) patients with normal alanine transaminase activity was as high as 82.4%. During the period of follow up it was found that pre-C mutation may appear and disappear or may persist continually. The results suggested that pre-C mutation was extremely common in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The coexistence of the mutant type and wild type in the patients may be considered as the natural course of HBV chronic infection. Further study on the cause and effect relation between pre-C mutation and genesis of chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis is urgently needed.
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PMID:[A kinetic study of hepatitis B virus pre-C gene mutation]. 758


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