Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C. Patients who failed to have sustained responses to interferon (IFN) therapy, refused to take IFN or were unsuitable for IFN treatment were enrolled into this study. The treatment group had 15 patients and they received UDCA 600 mg orally per day for 6 months. Another 15 patients with matched sex, age and initial serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were chosen as the control group. Three parameters (i.e. serum ALT levels, serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and serum cytokines) were measured before and after UDCA treatment. After the treatment period, the mean serum ALT levels in both groups were not significantly different (153.8 +/- 111.0 U/L vs 112.1 +/- 53.8 U/L, P > 0.05) and mean serum ALT level in the UDCA-treated group did not decrease after the treatment (pre-treatment vs post-treatment value: 139.1 +/- 73.1 U/L vs 153.8 +/- 111.0 U/L, P > 0.05). In addition, all of the patients with positive HCV RNA before treatment still had active HCV viraemia after the UDCA treatment. Also, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were not significantly different between the two groups before and after the treatment period. In conclusion, a regimen of UDCA as prescribed in the present study did not show obvious benefits in the treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C.
...
PMID:Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. 852 10

In 23 patients with chronic hepatitis C who have undergone interferon (IFN) treatment, quantitation of anti-hepatitis C virus IgG antibodies by a second-generation assay S29-1/S4 ELISA [Sato et al. (1993): Microbiology and Immunology 37: 295-304]. (anti-S29-1/S4) was compared with that of anti-HCV core IgG antibodies (C22-3, anticore) and the presence of viral RNA confirmed by the reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR). In 12 complete responders with loss of HCV-RNA and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at 6 months after therapy, IgG antibodies quantified by a second-generation assay have decreased significantly at the end of treatment (P < 0.05). Further significant reduction of anti-S29-1/S4 titers was observed at 6 months after therapy (P < 0.01) as well as anti-core antibodies (P < 0.01). On the other hand, in 11 non-responders with persistent or intermittent viremia at 6 months after therapy, no significant change in the level of anti-S29-1/S4 titers was observed, whereas anti-core titers have decreased at the end of therapy (P < 0.01). In contrast, both levels of anti-S29-1/S4 and anti-core have increased at 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, although it appears difficult to monitor the effect of virus clearance during IFN therapy, changes in anti-S29-1/S4 titers after IFN treatment correlate with virus clearance and with anti-core titers.
...
PMID:Quantitation of anti-hepatitic C virus antibodies in interferon-treated patients by S29-1/S4 ELISA. 855 Dec 73

The pathogenesis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was studied in owl monkeys following oral administration of the wild-type HM-175 strain of HAV. Stools were collected daily and blood and pharyngeal swabs twice weekly for viral isolation, and animals were necropsied at various intervals after inoculation. Organs were examined for the presence of virus by isolation in cell culture and for viral antigens by immunofluorescence. Monkeys excreted HAV in the stools for 1-4 days after inoculation, presumably due to the residual unabsorbed inoculum. No virus was found in stools for the next 2-3 days. HAV re-appeared on days 4-7 and then persisted through day 39. Viremia occurred on the 10th day and continued until day 35. Virus was isolated occasionally from throat swabs 1 or 2 weeks after it was detected in stools and blood, and there was no evidence that HAV replicated in the pharyngeal tissues. Animals acquired anti-HAV antibody by the 4th week, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated 5-5.5 weeks after inoculation. HAV was isolated from liver 5 days after inoculation; however, viral antigens were first detected in Kupffer cells of the liver at 14 days and in hepatocytes at 21 days. HAV antigen was detected in epithelial cells of the intestinal crypts and in the cells of the lamina propria of the small intestine 3 days postinoculation and thereafter until the 5th week, suggesting that these cells might represent an additional site of HAV replication.
...
PMID:Pathogenesis of hepatitis A in orally inoculated owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). 855 Dec 78

In order to evaluate the evolution of transfusional hepatitis C in haemophiliacs, we performed a retrospective study of ALT levels and HCV viraemia with a RNA PCR assay in 57 patients. We found that the vast majority of HCV-infected patients remained viraemic (43/57 = 75%) and higher ALT levels correlated with HCV viraemia. Although indicators of the transfusional viral load (age, severity of haemophilia) and HBV co-infection did not correlate with HCV RNA replication, HIV seropositivity was strongly associated with persistence of HCV viraemia (23/25 = 92% in HIV-positive versus 20/32 = 62% in HIV-negative patients), without any correlation with CD4 counts. Genotyping of HCV in the 43 viraemic patients shows more frequent genotype 1 in the HIV-seropositive group (14/23) than in the seronegative group (6/20). Our data emphasize that besides the role of the immunodeficiency status, the genotypes of HCV might be involved in the differences observed in terms of HCV RNA replication between the HIV-seropositive and seronegative haemophiliacs.
...
PMID:Persistent hepatitis C virus RNA replication in haemophiliacs: role of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus. 855 79

We studied the activity and stage of chronic liver disease in 45 HCV-seropositive/HIV-seronegative patients with severe haemophilia followed for at least 10 years. HCV-RNA was detected in serum in 36 patients (80%) Viraemic cases were further analysed for HCV genotypes: 10 (28%) were infected by type 1a, 10 (28%) by type 1b, seven (19%) by type 2, four (11%) by type 3, four (11%) had mixed infections (one by 1a + 1b, one by 1a + 2, one by type 2 + 3, and one by 1a + 2 + 3). ALT levels were within the normal range in 55% of the HCV-RNA negative patients but in only 11% of the viraemic cases. Results show a trend for higher levels of ALT in HCV-RNA-positive patients compared with those without viraemia (98 +/- 56 v 60 +/- 61), and particularly with patients with type 3 HCV infection (148 +/- 44). We suggest that a slow progression of chronic liver disease occurs in haemophilic HCV-positive/HIV-negative patients and conclude that presence of HCV-RNA in serum correlates well with cytolitic damage but, in the time-scale of our follow-up period, commonly used clinical-laboratory parameters cannot predict the chronic evolution of liver infection or identify differences in disease progression in relation to specific HCV subtypes.
...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus genotypes and severity of chronic liver disease in haemophiliacs. 855 80

To study the clinicopathologic features of hepatitis C viremic patients negative for hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) by current second-generation assay, we categorized 139 consecutive histologically verified patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis into three groups: 121 (87%) were positive for second-generation anti-HCV (group A); 10 (7%) were negative for second-generation anti-HCV but positive for HCV RNA (group B); and 8 (6%) were negative for both antibodies and viremia (group C). Six (60%) of group B patients could be, further detected by a new third-generation assay, but none of group C patients was third-generation anti-HCV-positive. The demographic features, mean peak serum alanine aminotransferase levels, HCV genotype distribution, and histologic changes were comparable among the three groups. The study indicates that most patients with chronic hepatitis C in Taiwan could be identified by current second-generation assay, and viremic but antibody seronegative patients were clinicopathologically similar to the seropositives. Most patients of the latter group could be diagnosed by a third-generation assay, indicating the usefulness of this assay.
...
PMID:Chronic hepatitis C without anti-hepatitis C antibodies by second-generation assay. A clinicopathologic study and demonstration of the usefulness of a third-generation assay. 856 50

This review summarises serologic profiles and clinical features of HCV infection in children with leukemia. The diagnosis of HCV infection is currently based on the detection in serum of antiviral antibodies and HCV-RNA. Studies on leukemic children, however, have clearly shown that only HCV-RNA testing correctly identifies HCV infection, as specific antibodies become detectable in serum only after chemotherapy withdrawal in almost all cases. Viraemia instead appears early in the course of leukemia, and infected patients become carriers. The pattern of liver disease is rather homogeneous. Early onset, persisting ALT elevation during chemotherapy often with drastic reduction during high-dose chemotherapy, followed by sharp exacerbations of liver cell necrosis. ALT normalise after chemotherapy withdrawal in most cases, despite persisting viraemia. As regards to the ultimate prognosis of liver disease in these children, we have observed that, among a series of 119 patients followed for at least 10 years off-therapy, none has developed clinical decompensated liver disease and only 6% still has abnormal ALT levels. On the other hand, the need for prolonged follow-up of children surviving leukemia with chronic HCV infection is emphasized by the fact that the natural history of HCV infection has not been fully clarified and that additional late sequelae are likely to occur.
...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus serum markers and liver disease in children with leukemia. 858 Jul 92

Two hundred and thirty patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C were randomized to receive one of the following treatment protocols: (a) 3 million units of interferon alfa-2b thrice weekly for 6 months, (b) 5 million units thrice weekly for 6 months, or (c) 3 million units thrice weekly for 2 years. The short-term response to treatment was defined by normal alanine aminotransferase for at least 3 months and until the end of treatment, and was confirmed by loss of hepatitis C viraemia in 42 (91%) of 46 cases as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Short-term response to interferon alfa-2b was independent of the incremental dose, being 64% for 5 million units and 58% for 3 million units. Long-term response to interferon alfa-2b was defined by continued normality of alanine aminotransferase levels for at least 6 months after treatment withdrawal. The long-term response rates among responders treated for 6 months and those treated for 2 years were 29% and 54%, respectively (p < 0.001). Among all 18 patients tested, serum HCV-RNA was negative at both 6 and 12 months of follow-up in all long-term responders, and none have subsequently relapsed. Improvement in hepatic necroinflammatory changes was confirmed by quantitative histology (Scheuer score) in responders at the end of interferon alfa-2b treatment. The changes were significantly greater among those who had been treated for 2 years compared with those treated for 6 months (p < 0.05 and p < 0.02, respectively, for portal and lobular inflammation scores). Several pretreatment characteristics could be correlated with a favourable response to interferon alfa-2b. Thus, absence of cirrhosis was associated with a short-term response of 75%, while only 42% of patients with cirrhosis had a short-term response (p < 0.001). The frequency of short-term response to interferon alfa-2b also differed according to mode of disease acquisition, being best for injecting drug use (71%), less favourable for blood transfusion (56%) and worst for sporadic cases (43%) (p < 0.01). This observed difference, however, was not independent of histology on multivariate analysis. In summary, a 5 million unit dose of interferon alfa-2b failed to improve the short-term or long-term response to interferon alfa-2b treatment, but prolongation of interferon alfa-2b treatment to 2 years resulted in substantially improved long-term response rate.
...
PMID:Interferon alfa-2b for chronic hepatitis C: effects of dose increment and duration of treatment on response rates. Results of the first multicentre Australian trial. Australia Hepatitis C Study Group. 858 34

Paired serum and saliva specimens were collected on a regular basis from 18 asymptomatic blood donors participating in a controlled clinical trial of interferon alpha 2a (IFN) treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Nine patients were randomised to receive interferon and nine to observation only. Serum and salivary HCV RNA was detected by a "nested" polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Complete follow-up data were available for 14 patients (7 treated and 7 untreated). Serum ALT levels declined to normal in five of the seven IFN-treated patients by the twelfth week. Of these five, loss of hepatitis C viraemia was observed in three. Of the seven treated patients, the three responders had a lower viraemia level than the partial or nonresponders. Both nonresponders had infection with type 1 HCV, but the complete and partial responders were infected with types 2 or 3. HCV RNA was detected in the saliva of all seven observation patients during the follow-up period. HCV was also detected in the saliva of the two patients who did not respond to IFN treatment. No correlation was shown between the level of HCV RNA in serum and the presence of HCV RNA in saliva. A role for noninvasive salivary investigations in monitoring treatment is possible, but further refinement of the methodology is required.
...
PMID:Serological and salivary markers compared with biochemical markers for monitoring interferon treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. 863 14

We determine the correlation between viremia in serum specimens, transaminase activity (ALT and AST) and histological grading in 37 patients with chronic hepatitis C. In addition we compared two PCR methods for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA in serum specimens. For the histological grading we used a modified Knodell score. For detection and quantification we measured the viremia (HCV-RNA titer) with a standardized "nested primer" PCR (end-point dilution method) and the commercially available Amplicor HCV Monitor. The mean HCV-RNA and AST level was significantly higher in patients with a histologically active inflammation. In the individual patient we could not conclude from the titer of HCV-RNA on the histologic grading because of the wide range of the results. We did not find a significant difference in ALT in patients having varying histological gradings. HCV-RNA titer and transaminases (ALT and AST) did not correlate significantly. The HCV-RNA titer was significantly marked in older patients (above 40 years) and patients having sporadic hepatitis than in younger patients and patients with chronic hepatitis after drug abuse. The "nested primer" PCR (end-point dilution method) was more sensitive for detection of HCV-RNA in serum specimens than Amplicor HCV Monitor. The lack of HCV-RNA with Amplicor HCV Monitor in 12 of 37 patients (32%) did not rule out viremia. We conclude that in patients with a chronic hepatitis C marked viremia points to a histologically active inflammation. In the individual patient we could not conclude from the titer of HCV-RNA on the histological grading. Because of the lower sensitivity of Amplicor HCV Monitor it is necessary to confirm negative results with a "nested primer" PCR.
...
PMID:[Virus titre and histological inflammation activity in chronic hepatitis C]. 870 Dec 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---