Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-nine patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B were examined for the relationship of the blood content of individual lymphocyte subpopulations at the height of the disease to subsequent duration of the cytolytic syndrome (high activity of ALT). The duration of the cytolytic syndrome associated with viral hepatitis A was reversely related to the content of B lymphocytes and when associated with viral hepatitis B to the content of T cells--immunoregulator precursors (autorosette-forming cells). In both patterns of viral hepatitis, the duration of the cytolytic syndrome did not depend on the rate of lymphocyte sensitization to the inducer antigens (HAVAg, kHBsAg). Unlike viral hepatitis A, the duration of the cytolytic syndrome in viral hepatitis B was directly related to the rate of lymphocyte sensitization to hepatic lipoprotein.
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PMID:[Immune response and the dynamics of the cytolysis syndrome in viral hepatitis A and B]. 349 59

Several species of nonhuman primates have served as animal models for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and disease. This study was to determine the suitability of Aotus trivirgatus as an orally induced model for HAV infection and to reconfirm the owl monkey's susceptibility to the intravenous route of inoculation. Animals were inoculated, either orally or intravenously, with varying concentrations of PA-33 strain of HAV. Serum enzymes ALT, AST and GGTP levels were monitored and liver biopsies performed when values exceeded three standard deviations above individualized mean baseline values. All animals had postinoculation elevations of serum ALT and AST values, shed virus in their feces, and were seropositive to HAV by 60 days after inoculation. Eight of the ten postinoculation biopsy specimens had histologic lesions compatible with acute viral hepatitis. We conclude that the owl monkey is a useful and valuable model for the study of HAV disease.
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PMID:Induced oral infection of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) with hepatitis A virus. 358 3

An early detection of the progress to chronic stages of the acute diseases has particular pathogenic and therapeutic implications in hepatology. A complex clinical, biologic and morphologic study has been carried out in 86 patients with persistent acute hepatitis, recently released after 4-8 weeks of hospitalization for acute viral hepatitis, who were submitted to sequential investigations and follow up for a mean period of 16 months (range 2-24 months). All the patients have shown signs of activity of the liver injury, more than three months after the viral hepatitis onset (GOT/GPT 134 +/- 41 KU/219 +/- 59 KU, gammaglobulins 24.2 +/- 2.4%) and a characteristic immune pattern. In some cases, the morphologic investigations (endo-histologic and infrastructural) have revealed elements of acute and chronic active hepatitis. In 70% of the case the disease had a favourable course, while 30% of them showed a tendency to chronicization and even to cirrhosis, within a period of two years.
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PMID:Persistent acute hepatitis, an evolutive modality of the acute viral hepatitis, with high cirrhogenic potential. 361 42

16, 16 Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2), a known cytoprotective agent, was examined for its ability to alter the course of fulminant hepatitis in an experimental model of fulminant viral hepatitis, murine hepatitis murine hepatitis type 3 (MHV-3). Fully susceptible BALB/cJ mice, infected with 100 50% lethal doses (LD50) of MHV-3 developed histologic and biochemical evidence of fulminant hepatitis, as evidenced by massive hepatic necrosis with hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and a markedly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean, 1,402 +/- 619 IU/liter). In contrast, animals treated with dmPGE2 either before or after infection (up to 48 h) demonstrated a marked reduction in both histologic and biochemical evidence of liver damage as characterized by normal blood glucose, total CO2, and ALT determinations (mean ALT, 63 +/- 40 IU/liter). Treatment of infected mice with PGF2 alpha demonstrated no cytoprotective effects. High titers of infectious virus were recovered from the livers of both dmPGE2-treated and -untreated animals throughout the course of infection. In a parallel in vitro study, dmPGE2 (10(-4)-10(-8) M) demonstrated a similar cytoprotective effect on monolayers of isolated cultured hepatocytes from fully susceptible BALB/cJ mice infected at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0. In addition, splenic macrophages recovered from infected and untreated BALB/cJ mice demonstrated a marked augmentation in procoagulant activity (PCA) from a basal 10 +/- 5 mU/10(6) splenic macrophages to a maximum of 615 +/- 102 mU/10(6) splenic macrophages, whereas no increase in macrophage PCA was detected in infected animals treated with dmPGE2. These results suggest that dmPGE2, without detectably altering viral replication or infectivity in vivo, confers a marked cytoprotective effect on hepatocytes both in vivo and in vitro, and prevents the induction of macrophage PCA in vivo in fully susceptible BALB/cJ mice after murine hepatitis virus type 3 infection.
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PMID:16, 16 Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 prevents the development of fulminant hepatitis and blocks the induction of monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity after murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection. 362 90

Liver function has been evaluated in 74 patients (aged 9 months to 19 years) with beta-thalassemia major. They were selected from 212 patients because their transaminase levels were three times higher than normal for over three months. In 36 of these subjects BSF clearance test was performed. In the majority of patients (70%) average GPT serum values were increased (66.33 +/- 35.41 U/L) while only a few of the youngest age group exhibited normal values. The transaminase level showed a direct relationship with age, ferritin level and transfusional iron. Furthermore a direct correlation was found between iron and gamma globulin levels both being related to age. Test for viral hepatitis markers showed that 60% of all the subjects studied had had HBV infection. Twenty-six of the 36 patients who underwent BSF test had normal values in the first part of the clearance curve, 8 others showed moderate changes while only the 2 remaining revealed severe alterations. The second part of the curve was abnormal in 34 and markedly altered in 2 subjects. Mean GPT serum values correlated with the first part of BSF clearance curve and BSF 45' values correlated with transfused iron. Siderosis, fibrosis, chronic inflammatory infiltration and vacuolar degeneration were seen at liver biopsy. Histological findings of chronic aggressive hepatitis were shown in two patients with high transaminase and gammaglobulin levels who had markedly abnormal BSF curve.
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PMID:[Hepatic pathology in beta-thalassemia major]. 372 17

The evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test designed to detect antigens of hepatitis non A, non B (HNANB) revealed that a rheumatoid factor (RF)-like reaction was interfering. This RF-like reaction was not detectable by routine screening methods for RF, such as latex agglutination or the Waaler Rose test. Testing of sequential sera of chimpanzees with acute HNANB showed that this RF-like reaction was present in the acute phase of HNANB simultaneously with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations. Characterization of this RF-like reaction revealed the presence of an IgM antibody against human IgG that banded in CsCl at 1.3 g/ml and at 19S in sucrose gradients. Absorption with IgG-coated latex particles and anti-human IgM gave further evidence of an RF. By testing sera of patients with different forms of acute viral hepatitis, it was demonstrated that an RF-like factor was also present in seven sera from 9 patients with acute hepatitis A, in two sera from 11 patients with hepatitis B, and seven sera from 11 patients with acute HNANB. The rise of RF in the acute phase of hepatitis A may be an effect of polyclonal stimulation of IgM producing B lymphocytes. The high prevalence of RF in HNANB remains unclear as no polyclonal stimulation of IgM has been observed.
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PMID:Demonstration of a transient rheumatoid factor in the acute phase of hepatitis non A, non B. 392 Mar 53

Seven hundred and sixty-eight patients were seen and tested at frequent intervals after transfusion of whole blood. Eight patients were judged to have developed icteric or anicteric post-transfusion viral hepatitis, an incidence of 1%. Five were icteric and four of these were hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) positive; two of these four died. One of the fatal cases and one non-fatal HB Ag positive case had received HB Ag positive blood. Two other antigen-positive patients had received blood or plasma or both which had not been tested for antigen.Thirty-five patients showed conspicuous or sustained elevations of alanine transaminase without clinical features of hepatitis.Four were positive for HB Ag but had not received antigen positive blood.Two who had received antigen positive blood remained antigen negative, but one developed hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab).Two other patients were also transfused with plasma.Five had serological evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection accompanying the enzyme changes.One patient who had received HB Ag positive blood remained antigen-negative and showed no abnormalities.Five patients who became HB Ag positive, although they had been given antigen-negative blood, remained clinically and biochemically well.Cytomegalovirus primary infection or reactivation occurred in another 32 patients; five had isolated, transient enzyme rises, one other was associated with a drug-induced focal liver necrosis and 26 showed no enzyme changes. Epstein-Barr virus infections, one of which was associated with a transient upset of enzyme activity, were detected in five patients. There were no cases of post-perfusion syndrome.
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PMID:Post-transfusion hepatitis in a London hospital: results of a two-year prospective study. A report to the M.R.C. Blood Transfusion Research Committee by the Medical Research Council Working Party on Post-Transfusion Hepatitis. 437 Jun 14

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was detected in sera (351 samples) of 128 patients with viral hepatitis by radioimmunoassay. 77 positive tests for AFP were obtained. These positive results were demonstrated on 1 or more samples taken from 40 (31%) of the 128 patients studied; the highest value obtained was 4400 ng/ml. Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) was positive in 26/40 (65%) of patients in whom AFP was detected during the disease process. However, 58/88 (66%) who were seronegative for AFP also demonstrated HBAg in their sera. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant difference in occurrence of detectable AFP between HBAg seropositive and seronegative patients. Individuals seropositive for AFP had no statistically different concentration of the protein than patients seropositive or seronegative for HBAg. 24 patients' sera were tested serially over a 2-week period. Both the peak glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and peak total bilirubin levels were in a higher range in those 10/24 patients seropositive (P .001) for AFP than in the 14/24 who were seronegative. Appearance of AFP was related to the severity of liver tissue destruction, as reflected by serum GPT. However, peak AFP levels were attained 5-16 days after peak serum GPT appeared in the circulation.
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PMID:The detection of alpha 1-fetoprotein in patients with viral hepatitis. 480 61

Serial serum samples from 110 patients with acute viral hepatitis type B were tested for HBsAg/IgM complexes by a newly developed solid-phase radioimmunoassay. In 102 patients the infection resolved and they recovered from the disease. In these patients, HBsAg/IgM complexes were either absent from the outset of disappeared from serum within four weeks of admission, long before HBsAg had cleared or serum alanine aminotransferase had returned to normal, 8 patients progressed to chronic HBsAg carrier state and chronic liver disease. In these patients, HBsAg/IgM complexes were detectable in the serum on admission, and never disappeared. These results indicate that persistence of circulating complexes containing HBsAg and IgM after the early phase of acute viral hepatitis type B is a predictor of disease chronicity. As early as the fifth week of illness those in whom chronic liver disease developed could be distinguished from those who recovered.
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PMID:Persistence of circulating HBsAg/IgM complexes in acute viral hepatitis, type B: an early marker of chronic evolution. 612 61

Since Oct. 1981 a new systemic antifungal drug Ketoconazole is available in the Federal Republic of Germany that has proven effective even in severe cases with fungal infections. This case-study will call attention on a rare but important side effect, namely Ketoconazole induced hepatitis. As an acute icteric viral hepatitis, type Non-A-Non-B-hepatitis possibly misdiagnosed only a carefully compiled history of the recent intake of drugs points at the real cause of hepatitis. In our case-report we observed a considerable increase in serum enzymes, especially GOT, GPT and GLDH after a drug-challenge with two tablets. We recommend so-called liver functions tests 2 to 3 weeks after beginning of therapy and further-on in monthly intervals. Histologically at that time toxic hydropic changes of the liver cells and a mesenchymal reaction with portal and intralobular mainly eosinophilic infiltration could be established. The serum enzymes came to normal only after 12 weeks.
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PMID:[Ketoconazole-induced hepatitis. Case report]. 614 74


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