Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study is presented of 150 patients with viral hepatitis B. They are women of the child-bearing age with different severity of the disease. A dependence was established of the increase of alanine aminotransferase activity on the level of estradiol in the blood serum under normal conditions and different forms of viral hepatitis B. The estradiol and alanine aminotransferase values wer in the more severe cases, particularly, in the ovulatory and luteinic peaks of the menstrual cycle. Results of the study allow to reconsider the norm rates of alanine aminotransferase activity in women of childbearing age as adding new data to existing ideas on the mechanisms of development of hyperenzymemia in this kind of pathology.
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PMID:[Activity of alanine aminotransferase in women of child-bearing age, ill with viral hepatitis]. 277 17

Even though HAV, HBV and HNANB viruses are responsible for most of the viral hepatitis cases, many other viruses have been reported to cause hepatic injury. These viruses may involve the liver, either as part of a systemic illness (e.g. EBV, CMV, HSV) or as the primary target organ (e.g. yellow fever virus, Lassa fever virus, Ebola virus). Clinically overt hepatocellular dysfunction is rare in such viral infections. Biochemical disturbance of hepatic functions shown, for example, by rises in AST and ALT, is a frequent event and indicates hepatic damage. Morphological changes of the liver include varying degrees of hepatic necrosis with a paucity of inflammatory activities. Intranuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies may be characteristic findings in these diseases. Laboratory diagnosis depends upon serology and liver histology. Treatment is still largely supportive in most of these diseases, although recent trials of antiviral agents show promise against some viruses. Chronic sequelae, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular cancer, are not encountered. More work is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of hepatic injury in these illnesses.
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PMID:Viral diseases involving the liver. 282 80

The serum unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity (UBBC), unsaturated transcobalamin (UTC) I, UTC II, UTC III levels, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities and bilirubin concentration were estimated in 61 patients with liver diseases (31 with hepatoma, 30 with viral hepatitis). The levels of serum cobalamin, UTC I, UTC III, UBBC, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, and bilirubin were raised in both hepatoma and viral hepatitis patients. Serum UTC II was reduced in both conditions. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in hepatoma. Four significant correlations were observed among these parameters in the hepatoma patients while only one significant correlation was observed in viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Correlation between serum enzymes and serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding proteins in primary liver carcinoma. 283 86

Normal ranges for gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in chimpanzees were determined and categorized according to age and sex. Enzyme patterns presented for 36 cases of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and compared to others with hepatitis A and/or B show that the response of this enzyme to these viral agents in chimpanzees is comparable to that seen in human patients. The value of GGT determinations, in addition to aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase for the differentiation of various types of viral hepatitis, is described.
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PMID:The clinical chemistry of chimpanzees: II. Gamma glutamyl transferase levels in hepatitis studies. 286 23

Analysis of data on 9 cases with active cytomegalovirus infection in patients with kidney grafts showed a positive association of serum leucine aminopeptidase activity concentration with the appearance of plasmacytoid lymphocytes in blood. Additional studies indicate that like the liver, the lymphocytes contain leucine aminopeptidase in relatively large quantities and that this enzyme is increased about 3-fold in plasmacytoid lymphocytes when compared with the activity in normal lymphocytes. In contrast, the 'hepatic' enzyme alanine aminotransferase is practically absent in both lymphocytes and plasmacytoid cells. Therefore, the difference in serum between the relative increases of leucine aminopeptidase and alanine aminotransferase may be attributed to proliferating plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Earlier observations on a large number of cases of acute viral hepatitis A or B lend credence to this assumption. However, in this disease, the serum enzyme changes reflect the much greater involvement of the liver and the relatively slight, but significant, proliferation of plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Our hypothesis is confirmed by the recent observation of 3 cases of acute EBV infection (infectious mononucleosis) in otherwise healthy individuals showing greatly elevated leucine aminopeptidase in contrast to normal or slightly raised alanine aminotransferase in serum.
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PMID:Serum leucine aminopeptidase for monitoring viral infections with plasmacytoid reaction. 287 29

In light of recently raised doubts about the safety of Cohn fraction II globulins, a prospective study on the risk of transmission of viral hepatitis with a Cohn-fractionated Rh immune globulin (Rhesonativ, KabiVitrum AB, Stockholm, Sweden) was performed in 47 newly delivered mothers. The women were followed regularly for 6 months after the injection of the Rh immune globulin for biochemical, serological, and clinical signs of viral hepatitis. No clinical signs of acute hepatitis were noted during the study, nor were HBsAg or anti-HBc found in any patient. A slight and transient rise in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was seen in three women, but these never reached 2.5 times the upper normal limit as is the currently used lower limit for a diagnosis of non-A, non-B hepatitis. One woman had positive tests for anti-HBs at 5 and 5.5 months, respectively, after the injection, but serum samples taken before and after this period were all anti-HBs negative. Nonspecific reactions in the method used probably explained this finding. This prospective study supports the contention that Rhesonativ, a Cohn-fractionated Rh immune globulin, does not transmit viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Does Cohn-fractionated Rh immune globulin transmit viral hepatitis? 298 22

Among the 8,604 cases of acute viral hepatitis hospitalized during 1982 in 53 Italian hospitals, we studied 379 cases of post-transfusion hepatitis, 262 cases which occurred after surgery and 4,576 cases with no history of parenteral exposure. The etiological agents of post-transfusion hepatitis were NANB viruses in 57.8%, HBV in 39.0% and HAV in 3.2% of the cases. CMV and EBV accounted for less than 1.5% of the post-transfusion hepatitis cases. HBV was the main etiological agent (62.2% of the cases) in the post-surgical hepatitis group, where HAV accounted for only 6.1% of the cases. In contrast, in the group with no history of parenteral exposure, hepatitis A was most frequent. Percentages of patients with history of transfusion or surgery were always higher in type B and NANB hepatitis than in type A, suggesting that surgery without transfusion also represents a risk of acquiring type B and NANB hepatitis. No regional differences were observed in the etiological patterns of post-transfusion hepatitis and post-surgical hepatitis. The acute phase of type B post-transfusion hepatitis was more severe than that of NANB post-transfusion hepatitis, as shown by higher serum bilirubin and ALT levels and by a higher case fatality rate.
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PMID:Etiological, clinical and laboratory data of post-transfusion hepatitis: a retrospective study of 379 cases from 53 Italian hospitals. 303 12

Data on 15 laboratory analytes obtained in 145 prospectively investigated cholestatic patients with viral hepatitis, chronic intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction were submitted to a computer-based graphical evaluation using probabilistic test analysis. This revealed a marginal utility for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and the direct/total bilirubin ratio at specific cut-off points for the exclusion of extrahepatic cholestasis (PVneg 90%-100%). Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values with cut-off points at 200 U/l and 300 U/l, respectively, were powerful discriminators between acute viral hepatitis and the other disease categories, while lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the ratios gamma-glutamyltransferase/alanine aminotransferase as well as total bilirubin/gamma-glutamyltransferase were useful at specific cut-off points indicating the absence of this diagnosis (PVneg 92%-100%). An aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio above 1.5 and serum gamma-globulin concentrations above 20 g/l strongly suggested cholestasis due to chronic parenchymal liver disease (PVpos 92% and 90%, respectively). This graphical approach to laboratory data analysis enhances the understanding of the interrelations between cut-off points and sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and also of the influence of disease prevalence on disease prediction. It also adds to present knowledge by demonstrating the clinical relevance of several readily available, albeit rarely utilized diagnostic analytes.
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PMID:Graphical analysis of laboratory data in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis: a computer-assisted prospective study. 306 41

The clinical value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-HBc IgM was evaluated by testing 202 sera from acute viral hepatitis B (AVHB), hepatitis B (HB), chronic hepatitis (CAH), chronic liver disease (CLD), cirrhosis, primary hepatoma, HBsAg carrier, acute viral hepatitis A (AVHA), hepatitis A (HA), non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and miscellaneous conditions other than hepatic disease, and 19 additional various hepatic disease cases were examined for anti-delta. In clinical situations the accurate diagnosis of HB is not always possible and the differential diagnosis seems to be very important especially in making decisions of treatment and estimation of prognosis. In overall cases the highest positive rate of anti-HBc IgM was found in AVHB as shown as 74.3% (26/35) comparing to other conditions in which the positive rate was extremely low (2.1%). The anti-HBc IgM appeared to be highly specific to AVHB (83.9%) as compared to the other. The positive rate of HBsAg was high in AVHB, CAH and HBsAg carrier (100.0%) followed by CLD, cirrhosis and HB (up to 70.8%). The ALT activities and ALPalb fractions were significantly high in AVHB (p less than 0.005). The correlation between the positivity of anti-HBc IgM and highly abnormal ALT appeared be high. AVHB was confined mostly to 10-20 age group and the male to female ratio was about 6 to 1. Subgroup of AVHB II with positive anti-HBc IgM appeared to have a greater chance being positive for HBsAg and ALPalb. The S/N ratio of anti-HBc IgM was as high as 20 which was unique to AVHB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anti-HBc IgM and anti-delta screening by EIA method. 307 4

The ratio of the serum aspartate to alanine amino-transferase levels (AST/ALT) is often used as a clue to the etiology of the underlying liver disease. This ratio is usually greater than 2.0 in alcoholic liver disease and less than 1.0 in patients with chronic hepatitis and chronic cholestatic syndromes. We analyzed the AST/ALT ratio in 177 patients with various forms of nonalcoholic chronic liver disease who underwent medical evaluation and percutaneous liver biopsy. In the majority of cases of chronic viral hepatitis, the AST/ALT ratio was less than 1.0. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between the AST/ALT ratio and the presence of cirrhosis. Among 100 patients with chronic type B hepatitis, the mean AST/ALT ratio was 0.59 in those without cirrhosis and 1.02 in those with cirrhosis. Furthermore, the AST/ALT ratio often rose to greater than 1.0 when cirrhosis first became manifest. Thus, the finding of an AST/ALT ratio of greater than 1.0 in a patient with nonalcoholic liver disease should suggest the presence of cirrhosis. In addition, the use of the AST/ALT ratio as a means of separating alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease must be tempered with the knowledge that this ratio may be less helpful in the presence of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Ratio of serum aspartate to alanine aminotransferase in chronic hepatitis. Relationship to cirrhosis. 313 26


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