Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies to hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B serology and liver enzymes were examined in 137 Finnish haemophiliac patients to detect signs of chronic viral hepatitis and its possible aetiological associations. The prevalence of raised alanine aminotransferase values was 37%. These were significantly associated with hepatitis C seropositivity but not with hepatitis B antibodies, severity of haemophilia or the type of clotting factor used in replacement therapy. The prevalence of hepatitis C seropositivity was 50%; it was significantly associated with severe haemophilia and with the use of large pool concentrates. The hepatitis C virus seems to be the major cause of chronic liver disease transmitted by clotting factors also in Finland, despite a somewhat lower seroprevalence than described elsewhere so far.
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PMID:Antibodies to hepatitic C virus and chronic liver disease among Finnish patients with haemophilia. 196 89

An animal model of hepatocytic necrosis was established with injection of D-galactosamine into peritoneal cavity. Examination at regular intervals after injection showed that the level of increased serum TB, ALT and GST and the degree of histological changes in the liver were less marked in PGE-treated animals (n = 34) than those in PGE-untreated animals (n = 29), suggesting that PGE has definite protective effect for experimental hepatocytic necrosis. According to severity of the condition hepatic failure was divided into early stage, typical stage and late stage. A treatment group of 55 cases received PGE1 therapy and a control group basic support therapy only. The results showed that difference of the total effective rate was not significant between the two groups, but in the early stage of hepatic failure, the effective rate in the treatment group was markedly higher than that in the control group. In addition, incidence of hepato-renal syndrome was lower in the treatment group. We are of the opinion that division of severe viral hepatitis into three stages for evaluation of therapeutic effect is rational and useful and early use of PGE1 may show certain efficacy.
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PMID:[Protective effect of prostaglandin E on hepatocytes and its value of early treatment of severe viral hepatitis]. 203 89

The results of a prospective controlled randomized clinical study on using of autologous LAK cell reinfusion in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (including CAH and CPH) were reported. The study was based on the criteria formulated by the National Conference of Viral Hepatitis in 1984 and patients were randomly assigned in two groups (39 cases in treated group and 25 in control group). Patients in the treated group received autologous LAK cell reinfusion treatment alone for 6 weeks and the control group 10% glucose solution intravenous drip also for 6 weeks. HBeAg seronegative rate anti-HBe seropositive rate and normalization rate of ALT after completion of the therapy were 53.8%, 28.2% and 33.3% respectively in the treated group and 20.0%, 8.0% and 4.0% respectively in the control group. The difference of parameters between the treated group and control group as described above was of statistical significance, but definite evaluation of the efficacy of this therapy can only be made after a more extended controlled randomized clinical study.
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PMID:[Prospective study on using of autologous LAK cell reinfusion in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B]. 203 92

A cDNA clone has been derived from the plasma of a chimpanzee with chronic non-A, non-B viral hepatitis (NANBH). We have assayed for antibodies reacting with the encoded antigen in sera from posttransfusion hepatitis patients (643 samples from 23 patients) and their corresponding donors collected during the past 10 years in Japan. The antibody was detected in 15 out of 17 (88.2%) posttransfusion NANBH (PT-NANBH) patients whose sera over time displayed multiple alanine aminotransferase (ALT) peaks. In general, the antibody was detected after several peaks of serum ALT elevations and, once detected, it persisted for years. In contrast to the patients of chronic hepatitis, the antibody was barely detected in patients with a single episode of ALT elevation (1 out of 6). Of the 15 well-defined cases of PT-NANBH that showed multiple ALT peaks and hepatitis C virus seroconversions, 11 (73.3%) were shown to be transfused with at least one unit of blood positive for the antibody. The retrospective analysis showed that all tested donor blood found to be positive for the antibody had been transfused to recipients who afterwards developed NANBH. These data strongly suggest that the cloned cDNA originated from an etiological agent of NANBH termed the hepatitis C virus. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that had the screening been done with the anti-hepatitis C virus assay, 11 out of 17 (64.7%) cases of chronic PT-NANBH and 1 out of 6 (16.6%) acute PT-NANBH would have been prevented. The antibody assay thus can be used for diagnosis and blood screening for PT-NANBH.
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PMID:Detection of antibody against antigen expressed by molecularly cloned hepatitis C virus cDNA: application to diagnosis and blood screening for posttransfusion hepatitis. 210 5

Liver wedge biopsies were obtained from chimpanzees during the acute phase of experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis infections. Primary chimpanzee hepatocytes were maintained for over 4 weeks in vitro with a serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and hormones. The de novo synthesis and secretion of plasma proteins characteristic for differentiated primate hepatocytes were sustained under these culture conditions. Immunocytochemical staining for a non-A, non-B hepatitis-associated antigen revealed expression of this cytoplasmic marker during the culture period, indicating a persistence of the infection in vitro. Tissue culture medium derived from the hepatocyte cultures was used to inoculate a nonimmune chimpanzee. The animal subsequently displayed an increase in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, the development of histopathologic alterations indicative of viral hepatitis, and the appearance of liver cell cytoplasmic tubules diagnostic for non-A, non-B hepatitis. Concentrated tissue culture medium examined by electron microscopy contained virus-like particles with an average diameter of 39-46 nm, which exhibited an envelope and inner 37-nm core structure.
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PMID:Expression of infectious viral particles by primary chimpanzee hepatocytes isolated during the acute phase of non-A, non-B hepatitis. 211 39

Comparison of large groups of patients with acute viral hepatitis A (HA), B (HB) and non-A, non-B (HNANB) revealed that the highest percentage of anicteric forms is found in HA (44.8%) followed by HNANB (27.3%) and the lowest percentage in HB (23.6%). Investigation of mean values of biochemical functional liver tests showed that 1. the highest mean values of bilirubinaemia, ALT and AST were recorded in HB. The differences are statistically significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the two remaining types. 2. The difference between the cholesterol serum level, GMT and ALP in HB and HNANB on the one hand and HA on the other hand was at the same level of significance. 3. The transaminase activity is only slightly higher in HA than in HNANB, the differences are not significant (p greater than 0.05). 4. The cholestatic features are more marked in HNANB than in HA. The differences are also significant (p less than 0.01). In the clinical picture in acute HNANB symptoms of influenza predominated (53.33%), followed by digestive complaints (47.5%) and the percentage of articular complaints was lowest (24.17%). Analysis of 24 cases of fulminant forms of viral hepatitis revealed that this course was most frequent in HB (50%), followed by HNANB (41.7%) and least frequent in HA (8.3%).
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PMID:[Clinical problems in non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. II. Clinical picture of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis in the acute stage]. 212 47

From December 1988 to September 1989, 973 blood donors, deferred for anti-HBc reactivity, Ag-HBs positivity, elevated ALT, isolated or associated, but negative for anti-HIV, were interviewed in our blood center in the weeks after donation. Among these 973 donors, 53 (5.4%, 46 males, 7 females) were found at risk for HIV infection: intravenous drug abuse: 24 cases; heterosexuality with multiple partners: 17 cases; homosexuality: 8 cases; sexual relations with persons at risk: 4 cases. These 53 donors did not recognize their risk behaviour during the medical talk before donation. 25 out of these 53 donors were seen afterwards and one of them, homosexual man, seroconverted for anti-HIV seven months after the anti HIV negative but anti-HBc positive blood donation. We conclude that, in our experience, director surrogate viral hepatitis markers help to identify donors at risk for HIV infection, and, in one case, earlier in the course of demonstrated HIV infection than the enzyme immunoassays currently licensed.
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PMID:[The medical interview motivated by the discovery of markers of viral hepatitis permits the identification, in blood donors, of behavior at risk for HIV infection]. 222 57

Serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity was estimated at pH 10.4 (optimum for the typical liver isoenzyme), 8.8 (optimum for atypical liver isoenzyme), at the physiological serum pH of 7.4, and at pH 9.2, with a view to obtaining the greatest possible difference between patients and controls. Measurements were performed on the sera of 39 children aged from 2 to 13 years, using the Technicon analyzer RA-1000 with the continuously measuring method of Bonnichsen & Brink. Blood sera were tested at the onset of viral hepatitis, in the first week of hospitalization, and three times thereafter at intervals of 7 to 9 days. During the illness, the activity of serum alcohol dehydrogenase, measured at different pH-values, was higher than that of controls. The ratio of activity at pH 10.4 to activity at pH 8.8 in the sera differed from that previously reported for liver cells. The highest increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity was at pH 9.2. The diagnostic sensitivity of alcohol dehydrogenase determination at this pH is lower than that of alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and aspartate amino-transferase, but higher than that of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin; alcohol dehydrogenase activity also shows the best correlation with the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase.
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PMID:Measurement of serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity at different pH-values during the course of viral hepatitis in children. 223 Jun 70

Nine G-6-PD subjects developed acute hemolysis and severe hyperbilirubinemia (up to 61.1 mg/dl) following viral hepatitis. All except one had fever at presentation. Neutrophilic leukocytosis was a common feature. Elevation of both alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) and extremely high level of aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) were prominent. Three developed acute renal failure. All patients survived, one after peritoneal dialysis. Recognition of the clinical picture is essential to prevent serious complications and for successful management.
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PMID:Severe hyperbilirubinemia in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients during viral hepatitis. 228 Feb 2

One of the main concerns of blood transfusion centers is viral hepatitis as a direct result of blood transfusion. Ninety-five percent of these cases are non-A, non-B hepatitis. In order to prevent this disease, blood collections were screened for antibody anti-HBc as well as the level of activity of the alanine aminotransferase in 3,051 blood donors in Guadeloupe. this revealed a particular epidemiological situation, which caused this French country to be rated among moderate endemic zones for hepatitis B virus. As a result of this new screening procedure, 25 percent of the blood collected had to be discarded and was classified with prevalence rates of 21.8 percent HBc antibody, 2.9 percent HBs antigen, and 2.6 percent alanine aminotransferase (45 IU/l). Differences were noted according to sex, age, social-economical level and geographical origin of the blood donors. These data raised many significant questions regarding the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus, the epidemiological situation of hepatitis B virus in the Guadeloupe population as well as in the rest of the French West-Indies, and also the type of action which must be taken against non-A, non-B hepatitis in a moderate endemic zone for HBV.
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PMID:[Prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis in Guadeloupe: results after application of new measures for detecting blood donors potentially at risk]. 231 51


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