Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed from RNA purified from hepatitis B viral surface antigen-negative human plasma with high alanine aminotransferase activity. A cDNA clone, designated as C8-2, was isolated by immunoscreening with mixed sera from non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) carrier and convalescent chimpanzees. The recombinant protein produced by C8-2 reacted specifically with sera of patients in the chronic phase of NANBH. The sequence of C8-2, 269 bp, did not hybridized with any human or chimpanzee genomic DNA, and had no homology with those of primates and viruses. The existence of this sequence in RNA of possibly infectious plasma was shown by RNA blot hybridization and by Southern blot analysis of products amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. These results strongly suggest that C8-2 is derived from the agent of this viral hepatitis.
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PMID:A cDNA clone closely associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. 169 13

Thirty-four pregnant women with hepatitis A and their neonates were investigated on serum anti-HAV IgM, ALT (GPT) and clinical manifestations (with 34 randomized controls) during the outbreak of viral hepatitis A in Shanghai. The result showed no evidence of maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis A, and no birth defect was found. Sufficient rest and proper diet for and close surveillance of the pregnant woman were suggested to ensure the well-being of mother and child. In addition, we found immune gamma-globulin given to the neonates born of mothers with hepatitis A may be beneficial to avoid horizontal transmission of hepatitis A.
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PMID:Survey of 34 pregnant women with hepatitis A and their neonates. 169 88

This paper discusses the progress of enzyme diagnosis by different examples. These include: the requirement for improved enzymological screening, despite the introduction of a test for hepatitis C; the imbalance between the popularity of "unexplained chronic aminotransferase elevations" and efforts to solve the inherent problems; the inadequate attempts to use the metabolic changes in the hepatocytes to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and pathophysiological understanding of viral liver diseases; the remarkable investigations into the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase for better control of interferon therapy in chronic viral hepatitis; the use of enzymes as markers of etiology, particularly for the detection of alcohol induced liver diseases; the continuing preference for the aminotransferases in this scenario although the ratios of aspartate aminotransferase over alanine aminotransferase, or of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase over total aspartate aminotransferase activity, largely depend on the severity and intralobular localization of damage and the stage of the liver disease.
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PMID:Progress in the enzyme diagnosis of liver disease: reality or illusion? 170 67

We measured the sequential changes in 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity in 21 patients with acute viral hepatitis (5 with type A, 6 with type B, and 10 with type non-A, non-B hepatitis) by radioimmunoassay. Liver biopsies were performed during the acute phase in all patients. Among patients with acute hepatitis A and B, the 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase levels were transiently elevated at the time of the peak alanine aminotransferase level in the patients in whom a liver biopsy showed acute hepatitis or non-specific reactive hepatitis. Of 10 patients with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, 4 showed a similar 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity pattern and liver histology to those observed in acute hepatitis A and B. In the remaining 6, the 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase levels remained elevated for 3.5 to 6 months while the alanine aminotransferase was elevated. Liver biopsy in these patients showed chronic hepatitis. Persistent detection of raised 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity levels during the acute stage of non-A, non-B hepatitis may thus be an indicator of progression of the disease.
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PMID:Detection of 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity in acute viral hepatitis with special reference to histologic features in the acute stage. 171 Jan 93

We investigated the effects of interferon therapy on hepatocyte human leukocyte antigen class I and class II antigen expression and intrahepatic lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (n = 11) and C (n = 10). Interferon-alpha was administered intramuscularly in doses ranging from 3 to 18 million international units daily for 4 wk. Liver biopsy specimens were obtained just before and immediately after treatment, and the specimens were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase method for evaluation of human leukocyte antigen expression and lymphocyte subsets. Before therapy, no significant difference was noted between hepatitis B and C in human leukocyte antigen class I antigen expression on hepatocytes or in the lymphocyte subsets in the intralobular and portal areas. After interferon-alpha treatment, hepatocyte expression of human leukocyte antigen class I antigens and serum beta 2-microglobulin levels were virtually unchanged in chronic viral hepatitis C patients, but both were increased in chronic viral hepatitis B patients. Human leukocyte antigen class II antigens were not expressed during treatment. The mean number of intralobular CD3+ and CD8+ cells and the mean serum ALT level decreased significantly in chronic viral hepatitis C patients (p less than 0.05) but not in chronic viral hepatitis B patients. The mean number of intralobular CD4+ cells was unaffected by interferon therapy in both groups. In all 21 patients, the changes in CD8+ cell numbers paralleled the changes in serum ALT levels. Our findings suggest that T-cell cytotoxicity may play an important role in hepatocyte damage in both chronic viral hepatitis C and chronic viral hepatitis B and that the response to interferon-alpha differs in these two types of hepatitis.
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PMID:Effects of interferon on intrahepatic human leukocyte antigens and lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. 171 Oct

Blood serum free vitamin B12, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase levels were measured and thymol test made in 168 patients with viral hepatitis A, 13 with chronic hepatitis, 8 with mechanical jaundice of neoplastic origin, 7 with calculous cholecystitis, and 8 with functional hyperbilirubinemia by the microbiologic methods. Elevated blood serum levels of free vitamin B12, conforming to the disease severity and stage, were revealed in the patients with viral hepatitis A, chronic active hepatitis, and mechanical jaundice of a neoplastic origin with liver involvement. Correlations between cobalaminemia and other functional liver tests were observed. Therefore blood serum vitamin B12 measurements may be used for the assessment of the disease activity and severity of liver parenchyma injury.
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PMID:[The blood level of cobalamin as an indicator of the functional status of the liver in jaundice of different etiologies]. 172 43

We have analyzed the presence of IgG and IgM anti-calmodulin antibodies (anti-CaM) by ELISA in patients with chronic hepatitis due to B, delta and C viruses as well as in patients with other liver diseases. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by preadsorption of positive serum with calmodulin (CaM) but not with myosin light chain. Among 164 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (B, delta and C) and 50 with non-viral hepatitis, 27 and 26%, respectively, had auto antibodies against CaM. There was a significantly increased frequency (37%) of these auto-antibodies in chronic delta infection as compared to that (21%) of patients with chronic B hepatitis (p less than 0.05). An intermediate incidence of anti-CaM, (24%) was found in chronic C infection. The frequency of anti-CaM was not related to the level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis delta virus (HDV) replication. A high occurrence of anti-CaM in the presence of liver membrane antibody (p less than 0.03) was observed. During follow-up of patients with chronic delta-hepatitis, the presence of anti-CaM was consistently observed, when the isotype was IgM, but transiently when it was IgG. The occurrence of anti-CaM correlated neither with ALT levels nor with histological diagnosis. Antibodies to CaM, are present in liver diseases especially in chronic delta-hepatitis, and do not play a pathogenic role on hepatocellular damage.
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PMID:Detection of antibody to calmodulin in chronic viral hepatitis: lack of correlation with virus replication and hepatocellular damage. 176 27

According to the clinical findings, the activity of serum asparate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and the level of total bilirubin, 45 children with acute viral hepatitis A were divided into two groups: with mild and moderately severe degree of disease. By determining the products of the peripheral thyroxine metabolism-T3 and rT3, as well as the other thyroid parameters (T4, FT4, TSH and TBG) we have found significantly lower T3 level and significantly higher T4 and TBG levels in both groups of patients in comparison with control group. At the same time, the level of biologically less active rT3 was increased in patients with moderately severe form of disease, while no differences were found in the values of TSH between the ill and control patients. TRH induced TSH release was normal in all patients. The results of this study point to the development of euthyroid sick syndrome or low T3 syndrome in children with viral hepatitis A.
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PMID:Euthyroid sick syndrome in children with acute viral hepatitis A. 186 90

In an attempt to investigate the incidence and clinical course of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis following blood transfusion in Taiwan, 288 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and received blood transfusion were followed prospectively with serum liver aminotransferase levels and viral hepatitis markers for at least six months. None had any past history of liver disease or drug abuse. All blood donors were tested for serum hepatitis B surface antigen and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (greater than 45 U/L). Thirty-seven (12.8%) patients developed PTH. 34 (91.9%) were considered to be cases of NANB hepatitis, 2 (5.4%) were cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and one (2.7%) was caused by Epstein-Barr virus. No one developed hepatitis B post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH). Of the 34 NANB PTH patients, 15 (44.1%) were asymptomatic, 16 (47.1%) had clinical symptoms, and 9 (26.5%) had serum total bilirubin levels higher than 2 mg/dl. There was no case of fulminant hepatic failure. Of 26 NANB PTH patients who were followed up for more than one year, 15 (57.7%) still had abnormal serum ALT levels. The incubation period of NANB PTH ranged from 2 to 16 (mean 6.1 +/- 3.2) weeks. Of the 37 PTH patients, 32 (86.5%) were found to have anti-HCV seroconversion during one year follow-up period. NANB PTH is as common in Taiwan as in the United States and Japan, and is demonstrated by this study to be due mostly to HCV.
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PMID:A prospective study of post-transfusion non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis following cardiovascular surgery in Taiwan. 190 89

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using ribavirin (200 mg orally four times a day for two weeks) was conducted in 30 patients with acute uncomplicated viral hepatitis (excluding hepatitis B). Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated on days 5, 10 and 14 after starting treatment. Mean levels of ALT and AST were significantly lower in the ribavirin treated group as compared to the placebo group on days 5, 10 and 14; serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the ribavirin group on days 10 and 14. Ribavirin therapy was not associated with any significant side effects. We conclude that ribavirin therapy in acute uncomplicated non-B viral hepatitis leads to more rapid normalisation of biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Ribavirin in acute viral hepatitis. 191 70


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