Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toxic hepatosis was discovered in 5 women, 24-41 years of age, who had used oral contraceptives for from 3-7 years. In all cases, elevated GPT levels were observed. None of the patients was suffering from viral hepatitis. Toxic hepatosis and viral hepatitis can have similar clinical pictures, and viral hepatitis cannot be automatically ruled out in cases of patients who use oral contraceptives and thus are expected to have toxic hepatosis.
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PMID:[Toxic liver diseases after hormonal contraception]. 73 91

47 cases of viral hepatitis with HBs antigenemia, who were diagnosed by peritoneoscopy and biopsy, were studied. 41 cases were males, and 6 cases were females. The onset ages were mostly in 25--29 years old. The histories of blood transfusion were found in only 4.3%. On the other hand, the families clustered with HBs antigen were found in 68%. Recidivums were often seen (76%), and yet the intervals between recidivum were short (the neighborhood of 8 months). The transaminases at the recidivums were not so high (200 units or thereabout). 20 cases whom biopsies were performed more than twice, were studied histologically. 14 cases were prognessive. 5 were stationary. 1 was improved. In all of progressive cases, sublobular hepatic necrosis was seen. But in other cases, sublobular necrosis was not seen. After this sublobular necrosis, various distortion of the lobule architecture was appeared, and some of them progressed to liver cirrhosis. As to GOT and GPT, GPT was dominant before sublobular neerosis, but GOT was liable to be dominant after sublobular necrosis. Peritoneoscopically, peculiar red spots were found on liver surfaces at the time of sublobular necrosis.
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PMID:[Studies on development of viral hepatitis with HBs antigenemia (author's transl)]. 74 63

Silymarin has been claimed to have a benificial effect in various types of liver injury. In a prospective study in patients with acute viral hepatitis (n = 151) the effectiveness of this drug on the cause of the disease was tested. The groups with and without Silymarin (Legalon) were comparable concerning age and sex distribution and the frequency of HBs-antigen positive hepatitis; Laboratory findings (total serum bilirubin, activity of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase and prothrombin time) were determined in intervals of 5 to 7 days over a period of 5 weeks beginning with the onset of jaundice. There were no statistical significant differences between both groups in the decrease of mean values of all parameters tested. The frequency of nearly normalized values of transaminases and serum bilirubin after 10, 20 and 30 days was not higher in the group treated with Silymarin as compared to the controls. It is concluded that Silymarin has no favourable effects on the cause of acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:[Silymarin for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis? Report of a controlled trial (author's transl)]. 84 Jan 25

Clinical and laboratory findings from 15 patients with icteric viral hepatitis during pregnancy (VHP) and from 22 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (CJP) were evaluated statistically in order to find out which parameters might help in order to find out which parameters might help in differentiating the two diseases. Diagnosis was established by needle liver biopsy in all cases. The following data were considered: history, physical examination, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) serum cholesterol, prothrombin time, total serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum protein, serum flocculation tests, BSP blood clearance and serum HB Ag. Vomiting, high GOT and GPT serum levels, and serum HB Ag positivity suggest VHP diagnosis. Otherwise a severe itching with scratching lesions, high ESR, elevated total cholesterol and serum alkaline phosphatase values mainly if occurring in the later stage of pregnancy are consistent with CJP diagnosis. When clinical and laboratory data from a jaundiced pregnant female do not allow diagnosis, this can be established only on the basis of needle liver biopsy.
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PMID:The differential diagnosis between intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice and viral hepatitis during pregnancy. 122 May 7

Phytohemagglutin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation was impaired in acute viral hepatitis. It was significantly correlated with grades of liver cell damage as shown by prothrombin time, GOT, or GPT. It was also lower in drug-induced hepatitis and in prolonged hepatitis than in controls. Of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, only those with minimal hepatic change showed lower values in stimulation index as well as incorporated radioactivity.
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PMID:Phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation in liver diseases and in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. 125 49

Since thalassemia major patients are transfusion dependent, they are at a particularly high risk of contracting post-transfusion hepatitis. In this study, 36 transfusion-dependent children were followed up for evidence of viral hepatitis. Of 23 with increased ALT levels, 17 were anti-CMV and 12 were anti-HCV positive, 9 were positive for both CMV and HCV. Of 13 children with normal transaminase levels, 5 were CMV positive and 3 were HCV positive. These results show that CMV may be a very common cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis in transfusion dependent thalassemic children.
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PMID:Hepatitis in children with thalassemia major. 128 May 8

Increased concentrations of neopterin have been found in conditions causing a stimulation of cellular immunity, including various malignancies. In liver diseases, serum or urinary neopterin levels have been studied in acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver and liver cirrhosis. In the present study neopterin serum levels have been measured in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in 32 patients with liver cirrhosis, and in 28 healthy subjects as controls. Mean values of serum neopterin were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in patients with HCC (15.89 +/- 6.34 nmol/l) when compared with those of normal subjects (4.74 +/- 2.13 nmol/l), but no difference was observed between patients with HCC (associated or not with liver cirrhosis) and patients with liver cirrhosis. Neopterin concentrations are not affected by liver cirrhosis aetiology, nor by its clinical severity, and are not correlated to the values of serum alpha-fetoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and gamma-globulin. The results show that there is a consistent overlap of values in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis; macrophage activation seems to be a feature of chronic liver diseases, irrespective of HCC development.
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PMID:Serum neopterin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 128 21

Ultrasound examination of the hepatobiliary system was carried out in 102 children (3-12 years) with viral hepatitis A and B on the 57-75 days of the disease. Increased liver size and swelling of the parenchyma was revealed in 100% of patients. Thickening of the gallbladder walls was similarly frequent in A and B hepatitis. In 40% deformation of the gallbladder was revealed in 40.1%. The pancreas was increased in 13.6%, indurated in 36.4% of patients. Changes in the gallbladder and cholangitis are clearly related to the level of bilirubinemia ALT activity that is one of the causes of delayed convalescence.
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PMID:[The ultrasonic diagnosis of lesions of the hepatobiliary system in protracted forms of viral hepatitis in children]. 129 24

The transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (G-GT) are most widely used as indicators of hepatobiliary disease. Elevated serum levels of transaminases (AST and ALT) usually indicate hepatocellular damage. ALT elevations, however, can also be of extrahepatic origin (muscle). The ratio of the transaminases in serum (AST/ALT) and the mitochondrial isoenzyme of AST are frequently higher in alcoholic than in non-alcoholic liver diseases. Serum activities of AP and G-GT are elevated in cholestasis: Both enzymes, however, are not liver-specific and G-GT activity is induced by alcohol and certain drugs. A hepatic enzyme pattern (predominant transaminase elevation) should be discriminated from a cholestatic pattern (predominant AP and G-GT elevation). The most frequent diagnoses in asymptomatic patients with accidentally detected, mostly mild to moderate transaminase elevations are: alcoholic liver disease, (mostly chronic) viral hepatitis, and already much less frequently, drug induced liver disease and non-alcoholic steatosis. Solely if the respective investigations are negative or/and the transaminases stay elevated for greater than or equal to 6 months despite strict alcohol abstinence, omission of any potentially hepatotoxic drug or weight reduction are further steps justified.
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PMID:[Increased liver enzymes: what should be done?]. 135 16

The impact of dengue on liver function was studied by biochemical tests on 125 male and 145 female patients diagnosed with this disease during an outbreak that extended from November 1987 to December 1988. Abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (G-GT) were observed in 93.3%, 82.2%, 7.2%, 16.3% and 83.0% of the patients, respectively. The elevation of transaminases was mild to moderate in most cases, but was 10-fold greater than the normal upper limit for AST and ALT in 11.1% and 7.4% of the patients, respectively. Initially, the level of AST was greater than that of ALT, increasing to maximum levels nine days after the onset of symptoms, then decreasing to normal levels within two weeks. Results of the biochemical tests did not differ significantly between the cases with and without hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, but significantly higher elevations of AST, ALT, and G-GT were observed in patients with episodes of bleeding. Liver biopsies of two patients showed features of lobular hepatitis. Of the five fatal cases, three died of hepatic failure. It is concluded that dengue fever may cause hepatic injury and transaminase elevation similar to that in patients with conventional viral hepatitis. In epidemic or endemic areas, dengue fever infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis.
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PMID:Liver biochemical tests and dengue fever. 135 50


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