Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Viral sequence and host immune response were investigated in an unusual, asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus carrier (human leukocyte antigen type A24, Bw61, Bw62, Bw6, DRw11, DRw52, DQw7) who was consistently nonreactive for antibody to HBc and had a normal ALT level over a 5-yr study period. The precore and core region DNA sequences of virus isolated from his serum had seven silent mutations that resulted in no changes in the amino acid sequence of the adr HBsAg subtype. He had no abnormalities in the number of peripheral blood T or B cells and no HBcAg-specific suppressor T cells. His lymphocytes proliferated in vitro in response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus and tetanus toxoid but not to recombinant HBcAg. Unlike other HBsAg carriers and hepatitis B virus-immune individuals, his monocytes did not ingest beads coated with HBcAg. Failure to produce antibody to HBc was not due to an hepatitis B virus variant but to a selective immune system defect in this asymptomatic HBsAg carrier.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an anti-HBc-nonreactive blood donor: variant virus or defective immune response? 153 7

In many of Africa's rural areas, snakebite victims often resort to traditional healers for first line treatment. This may be source of infectious complications. We report a case of generalized tetanus which occured after 15 days in a 13-years old boy who had applied a traditional, plant-based concoction on a snake bite. He presented with trismus, generalized contractures and fever extended musculo-aponevrotic necrosis of the right upper limb, without loss of consciousness. The only accompanying biological sign was an increased leukocyte count (11,200/mm3) with a predominance of neutrophils (84%). Platelets count, creatinin and AST/ALT titers and haemostasis were all normal, as was the radiogram of the right hand. The clinical outcome was favourable after 3 weeks hopital care (antibiotic, muscle relaxants, antitetanus serotherapy and local wounds care). This clinical observation shows that traditional care for snake bite wounds can be an entry point for tetanus. Appropriate treatment of snake bites in a hospital setting is of the utmost importance, in addition to vaccination against tetanus, in order to reduce the incidence of tetanus in African countries.
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PMID:[Generalized tetanus complicating a traditional medicine applied for snakebite]. 1782 12

Tetanus is an acute, severe infection caused by a neurotoxin secreting bacterium. Various prognostic factors affecting mortality in tetanus patients have been described in the literature. In this study, we aimed to analyze the factors affecting mortality in hospitalized tetanus patients in a large case series. This retrospective multicenter study pooled data of tetanus patients from 25 medical centers. The hospitals participating in this study were the collaborating centers of the Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI). Only adult patients over the age of 15 years with tetanus were included. The diagnosis of tetanus was made by the clinicians at the participant centers. Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital's Review Board approved the study. Prognostic factors were analyzed by using the multivariate regression analysis method. In this study, 117 adult patients with tetanus were included. Of these, 79 (67.5%) patients survived and 38 (32.5%) patients died. Most of the deaths were observed in patients >60 years of age (60.5%). Generalized type of tetanus, presence of pain at the wound area, presence of generalized spasms, leukocytosis, high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values on admission, and the use of equine immunoglobulins in the treatment were found to be statistically associated with mortality (p < 0.05 for all). Here, we describe the prognostic factors for mortality in tetanus. Immunization seems to be the most critical point, considering the advanced age of our patients. A combination of laboratory and clinical parameters indicates mortality. Moreover, human immunoglobulins should be preferred over equine sera to increase survival.
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PMID:Tetanus in adults: results of the multicenter ID-IRI study. 2835 83