Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As a result of conducting experimental and clinical tests with the newly developed cephalosporin, cefoperazone (CPZ), the following conclusions were obtained: (1) When tested against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 16 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the antibacterial activity of CPZ was found to be weaker than that of CEZ. Against 5 strains of A-beta-Streptococcus and 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both CPZ and CEZ exhibited similar excellent antibacterial activity. CPZ was effective against 18 strains of Escherichia coli though its activity was influenced by the amount of inoculated bacteria present. Against 15 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 10 strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, CPZ was found to be more effective than CEZ though several high-resistant strains were noted. CPZ also showed more excellent antibacterial activity than CEZ against 4 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 strains of Salmonella sp., 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 strains of Proteus sp. (2) The mean half-life in the blood following intravenous injections of 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CPZ to three children was 70 minutes. (3) One hour after intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg of CPZ to 3 cases of aseptic meningitis, drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 1.20 mcg/ml, less than 0.39 mcg/ml and 1.55 mcg/ml. In one case, the CSF/serum ratio was 2.7%. (4) The average recovery rate in the urine of children who had received intravenous administrations of 25 mg/kg (3 children) and 10 mg/kg (1 child) was 17.8% between 0 and 6 hours. (5) Eighteen pediatric patients received CPZ in doses ranging from 48 to 170 mg/kg divided three-four times a day. They were RTI in 7, URI in 5, UTI in 5, SSSS in 1 and enteritis in 1 children. The clinical effectiveness of CPZ was judged to be remarkedly effective in 11 children, effective in 5 children and ineffective in 3 children, with an overall effective rate of 84.2%. One patient of tonsillitis combined sinusitis was considered 2 cases. The three cases in which the drug was found to e ineffective were 2 cases of pyothorax and 1 case of sinusitis. (6) Side effects were 1 case of eosinophilia, 2 cases of elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case of mild elevation of GOT. All were considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)]. 645 30

Experimental and clinical studies in the pediatric field on 6059-S, a newly synthesized broad spectrum parenteral antibiotics, were carried out, and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of 6059-S against S. pyogenes, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, recently isolated from patients, 50 strains respectively was compared with that of cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefotiam (CTM) and ticarcillin (TIPC). 6059-S was less active than the other compound against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, but was about 1-5 times more active than other CEZ, CTM, CMZ and CZX against E. coli, and 6059-S had a activity against P. aeruginosa. It was equal or slightly more activity than that of TIPC. Serum concentrations were measured in 14 infants (3 y 3m-12 y) by one shot or intravenous drip infusion with 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg. By one shot intravenous infusion, the peak of serum concentrations of 6059-S with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg were 40.4-44.2 mcg/ml, 79.1-90.8 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after administration respectively, and that's half life were 1.5, 1.4 hours. By intravenous drip infusion, the peak of serum concentration was 89.9 mcg/ml at the end of administration, 13.7 mcg/ml at 5 hours after administration, and half life was 1.5 hours. The urinary recovery rate of 6059-S were 97.4, 67.4% during 6 hours in 2 cases. The cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 6059-S were 2.4-3.6 mcg/ml at 90 minutes after intravenous infusion administration, and the CSF/serum ratio were about 7-8%. Clinical studies of 6059-S was performed in total of 27 cases (25 patients); 8 cases of urinary tract infection, 15 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of peritonitis, 2 cases of purulent meningitis, with the dose of 6059-S 150 mg/kg/day in purulent meningitis, 40-80 mg/kg/day in other disease. That's efficacy rate was 85.2%. Side effect observed in this therapy were 2 cases (exanthema 1, diarrhea 1), and 2 cases of rise of GOT, GPT.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on 6059-S (author's transl)]. 645 75

Fundamental and clinical trials were carried out with cefpiramide (CPM) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. CPM has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and -negative microorganisms, including Pseudomonas. Half-lives of CPM were more prolonged than any others that have ever been reported on cephalosporin derivatives. The mean half-lives in the blood after infection were 4.76 hours and 4.14 hours, when the doses were 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The average recovery rates in the urine between 0 and 8 hours were 17.1% and 24.7%, when the intravenous doses were 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Thirty-two pediatric patients received CPM in doses ranging from 31.9 to 88.2 mg/kg divided mainly 2 times a day. They were respiratory tract infection in 23, urinary tract infection in 8, and SSSS in 1. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 90.6%. Clinical side effect observed were mild diarrhea in 7 cases. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT were observed in 3 cases. All were considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics]. 665 43

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a newly introduced antibiotic of the cephamycin series, cefoxitin (CFX), and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Employing clinical isolates, MICs were determined and comparisons made with those of cephalosporins. The MICs of CFX against S. aureus and S. pyogenes slightly inferior to those of the cephalosporins, while the MICs of CFX against Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli, Proteus sp. and Klebsiella sp. were considerably superior to those of CER and CET, and slightly superior to those of CEZ. 2. The peak serum concentrations were 34.7 mcg/ml and 67.6 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after an intravenous injection in doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The peak serum concentration was 40.8 mcg/ml at the end of 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion when it was given in a dose of 25 mg/kg. In these cases, the serum half life were 25.8-51.2 minutes, and their urinary recovery were 67-90%. 3. Clinically, CFX was given to the 29 children with a total of 31 of varying bacterial infections: 6 cases of urinary tract infection (U.T.I.), 19 of respiratory tract infection (R.T.I.), 2 of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.), 2 of purulent lymphadenitis and 2 cases of soft tissue dermatological infections. Overall efficacy rate was 83.9% (26 cases). No significant adverse reaction was noted except for 1 case of rash. Abnormal laboratory findings observed were elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 patient and of GPT in 1 patient.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 728 20

1. SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use) was administered to 25 patients with bacterial infections (6 cases of bronchitis, 2 cases of bronchopneumonia, 1 case of pertussis, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of impetigo, 2 cases of purulent lymphadenitis). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 11 patients and good in 13, poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96.0%. As pathogenic organisms, 15 strains were identified and 14 of them were eradicated with eradication rate of 93.3%. 3. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results increase in eosinophiles in 2 cases, decrease in filamented neutrophiles in 1 case, elevation of GOT and GTP in 1 case and elevation of GPT and gamma-GTP were observed. 4. There was no rejection incidence of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider SY5555 in dry syrup form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infections in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of SY5555 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 774 11

Cefozopran (CZOP, SCE-2787), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its pharmacokinetics, bacteriological and clinical effects in the field of pediatrics. The serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations 1 hour after a bolus intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg were, respectively, 92.1, 10.5 micrograms/ml, and penetration rate to cerebrospinal fluid of CZOP in patients with purulent meningitis was 11.4%. 25 patients, including those with purulent meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) etc., were treated with CZOP at dose levels of 16.0 to 50.0 mg/kg 3-4 times daily, via intravenous injection and intravenous drip infusion. CZOP gave "excellent" or "good" responses in all the 25 patients. In bacteriological examinations, 25 strains were identified and were eradicated except 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 strains of Salmonella sp. As a side effect, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient among the 27 patients treated with the drug. As for abnormal laboratory findings, eosinophilia was observed in 1 patient, increases of thrombocytes in 3 and GPT in 2. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No changes in PIVKA II, HPT or APTT were observed during the treatment. Based on the above results, it has been concluded that CZOP is a safe and effective drug to use in the treatment of pediatric infections. The normal recommended dosage and administration should be 20 to 50 mg/kg of CZOP at a time, using intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion 3 to 4 times a day.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefozopran in pediatrics]. 785 79


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