Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacteriological and clinical studies have been performed on meropenem (MEPM, SM-7338), a newly developed carbapenem antibiotic, in the pediatric field. 1. Antibacterial activities of MEPM against 24 clinical isolates were determined. MEPM showed excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Branhamella catarrhalis. Against Haemophilus influenzae, MEPM had a higher activity than imipenem and flomoxef, but had a lower activity than piperacillin and cefoperazone. 2. Clinical efficacies of MEPM were evaluated in 32 cases with bacterial infections. A poor efficacy was observed in 1 patient with phlegmon but excellent or good efficacies were obtained in other 31 patients with tonsillitis (1), pneumonia (17), UTI (12), or SSSS (1). The overall efficacy rate was 96.9%. All strains except 1 of S. aureus were eradicated by the administration of MEPM, and a high eradication rate of 95.8% (23 out of 24 strains) was obtained. 3. No side effects were observed in 35 evaluated cases. As abnormal laboratory test results, elevated GOT, elevated GPT, eosinophilia and neutropenia were noted in 4, 4, 4 and 2 patients, respectively. 4. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. PIVKA II was elevated upon administration of MEPM in some cases, but no changes in ATT, TT, HPT or Fbg were observed during the treatment. Based on the above results, it has been concluded that MEPM is a safe and effective drug to use in the treatment of pediatric infections. The usual recommended dosage and administration should be 10 to 20 mg/kg of MEPM at a time, using intravenous drip infusion, 3 times a day.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in the pediatric field]. 150 6

Panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) was given by 30 minutes drip infusion to 15 children with acute bacterial infections including 11 with acute pneumonia, 2 each with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and urinary tract infections. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 15 patients and bacterial eradications were obtained for all 12 strains identified in these cases. Urticaria considered to be drug related was observed in 1 patient. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. From the above clinical results, it appears that PAPM/BP is a useful antibiotic for treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 26

We conducted clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 13 children with infections, including 6 with acute bronchopneumonia, 1 each with acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, urinary tract infection, subcutaneous abscess and furuncle. PAPM/BP was administered by intravenous drip infusion. Doses varied from 12 to 27 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 25 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 and good in 9 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92%. 2. No adverse reactions were observed. In laboratory tests, elevations of GOT, GPT and urobilinogen were observed in 3 cases. It was concluded that PAPM/BP was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 27

Laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in children have been carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial effect MICs of SBT/ABPC were only one-tube less than or similar to those of ABPC against susceptible organisms. Against ABPC-resistant organisms at the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml however, SBT/ABPC was superior to ABPC when evaluated in terms of their MIC values. When MICs of SBT/ABPC were compared to those of ABPC against organisms with high beta-lactamase producing activities, it was found that many of ABPC-resistant organisms were much susceptible to SBT/ABPC. 2. Absorption and urinary excretion In 2 cases to which 50 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg SBT/ABPC were respectively given over 30 minutes by drip infusion, peak serum levels were obtained at the end of the drip infusion with peak levels of SBT of 45.5 micrograms/ml, 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively and those of ABPC of 83.0 micrograms/ml, 22.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 0.94 hour and 0.98 hour, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rates in the first 6 hours after the end of administration were 84.4% for SBT and 63.1% for ABPC. 3. Clinical results Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 24 cases including 9 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of upper respiratory infection, 7 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of bronchopneumonia, pyothorax, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, ++ phlegmon and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Clinical efficacies were excellent or good in 19 cases with an overall efficacy rate of 86.4%. Adverse effect was found in 1 case with nausea and vomiting, and abnormal laboratory test values observed were 2 cases each of eosinophilia, slight elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of LDH, but they were not serious.
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in children]. 274 50

Twenty nine children were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 10 years. Dose levels of CPDX-PR ranged from 7.5 to 12.0 mg/kg/day for 5 to 12.7 days. The 29 patients included 9 tonsillitis, 2 otitis media, 5 scarlet fever, 3 bronchopneumonia, 1 lymphadenitis, 8 urinary tract infections and 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and they were evaluated for the clinical efficacy of CPDX-PR. Results were excellent in 21 and good in 8 patients. Out of the 29 patients, 3 cases showed diarrhea and 2 cases showed elevated GOT and GPT. The pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR was studied in 9 patients whose ages ranged from 1 to 9 years. The serum peak concentrations of CPDX in 5 patients were between 1.37 and 4.10 micrograms/ml (mean: 2.53 micrograms/ml) at 1 to 6 hours after dosing 3 mg/kg before meals. Those of 4 patients ranged 3.29 to 4.88 micrograms/ml (mean: 4.36 micrograms/ml) at 2 hours after administering 6 mg/kg before meals. Portions of CPDX excreted into urine within 6 hours ranged from 20.3 to 34.3% (mean 27.1%) in 5 patients who were given 3 mg/kg, and ranged from 24.1 to 65.7% (mean 41.1%) in 4 patients given 6 mg/kg.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in children]. 281 Jul 21

Children with acute infections were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephalosporin. 1. A girl of 4 years old, weighing 17 kg, and another girl of 12 years old, weighing 33 kg, were administered orally each 3 mg/kg of CPDX-PR. Blood levels of CPDX reached peaks of 1.39 and 2.26 micrograms/ml at 4 hours-post-dose, and T1/2's were 2.09 and 2.63 hours, respectively. Cumulative urinary recovery rates for 8 hours were 57.3 and 80.9%, respectively. 2. A total of 30 patients was treated with CPDX-PR. These patients included 10 with acute tonsillitis, 6 with acute bronchitis, 5 with bronchopneumonia, 2 with scarlet fever and 2 with urinary tract infections, and one each with acute pneumonia, acute otitis media, acute otitis media plus sweat gland abscess, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and acute lymphadenitis. The treatment was effective in 27 cases out of 29 (except one with an unknown response) with a clinical efficacy rate of 93.1%. 3. Bacteriological responses to CPDX-PR were as follows; eradication of pathogen in 7, and unknown in 2 out of 9 cases from whom pathogens had been isolated prior to the treatment. 4. As a side effect, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient, but it was possible to continue the treatment. With regard to laboratory tests, a slight elevation of GOT and slight elevations of GOT and GPT were found in 1 case each.
 ...
PMID:[A clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 25

Twenty-six children were treated with cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 8 months to 9 years. Doses of CFTM-PI ranged 7.5-20.1 mg/kg/day for 4 to 19 days. The twenty-six patients including 10 patients with tonsillitis, 1 pharyngitis, 3 otitis media, 2 scarlet fever, 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 lymphadenitis, 6 urinary tract infections, 1 vaginitis and 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome were evaluated for clinical efficacy. Results were excellent in 11, good in 13, and fair in 2 patients. Out of the 26 patients, one case showed elevated GOT and GPT, and another case showed elevated GOT. The pharmacokinetic study of CFTM-PI was performed in 9 fasting patients whose ages ranged from 2 to 11 years. Serum peak concentrations of CFTM were 0.92 to 1.05 micrograms/ml (mean 0.99 microgram/ml) at 1 to 2 hours after a dose of 1.5 mg/kg each to 3 patients, 1.12 to 1.38 micrograms/ml (mean 1.25 micrograms/ml) after a dose of 3 mg/kg each to 3 patients and 0.66 to 2.1 micrograms/ml (mean 1.17 micrograms/ml) after a dose of 6 mg/kg each to 3 patients. The portions of the drug excreted into urine within 8 hours were 8.9% and 14.7% in 2 patients, each given a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, from 13.0 to 23.1% (mean 18.4%) in 3 patients, each given a dose of 3 mg/kg, and 6.3% and 8.7% in 2 patients, each given a dose of 6 mg/kg.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefteram pivoxil in children]. 281 Jul 36

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic, was studied bacteriologically and clinically. 1. The MIC and MBC values of FMOX and cefuzonam (CZON) were determined against strains of Staphylococcus aureus recently isolated from clinical materials. In MICs against methicillin- and cefazolin (CEZ)-sensitive strains, FMOX and CZON were almost equivalent. In MBC, FMOX showed lower values than CZON. Against resistant strains, both MIC and MBC values indicated that FMOX was superior to CZON, and particularly, values showed large differences in MBC. 2. FMOX was administered intravenously at doses of 20.0-35.1 mg/kg 3 or 4 times daily to 17 children aged 2 months to 8 years. The therapeutic effect was determined in 16 cases (pneumonia 9 cases, pyothorax 1, urinary tract infection 2, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 1, cellulitis 2 and arthritis 1). One remaining case was unevaluable and later found to be mycoplasmal pneumonia. The effect was determined as excellent in 10 cases and good in 6 cases. All the causative organisms detected in these evaluable cases were eliminated. 3. There were no symptoms or findings that suggested the occurrence of side effects of the drug in any of the 17 cases. With regard to laboratory values, a slight elevation of GPT was found in 1 case only. 4. In a case with pyothorax, the concentration of the drug in the pleural fluid determined on the day following the initiation of treatment was 18.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after intravenous injection of the drug at 33 mg/kg. The concentration was 46.7 times as high as the MIC (0.39 micrograms/ml) against the causative organism S. aureus. 5. Two doses of FMOX were intravenously administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg to a female infant ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection which had been treated with other drugs. In this case showing relatively low cell counts of 171-240/mm3 in the ventricular fluid, concentrations of the drug measured by HPLC were as low as 0.53 and 0.98 micrograms/ml 1 hour after intravenous injection of the drug. 6. The above results suggested that FMOX is a new antibiotic drug easy to use and effective for the treatment of general infections in children.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. 343 Jul 20

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was given intravenously to 20 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 10 cases of bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, each 1 case of acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent cervical lymphadenitis and acute tonsillitis, and pleuritis. Good clinical responses were obtained in 18 patients out of 20 patients and bacteriological effectiveness in 13 strains out of 14 strains. No side effect was observed except for 1 case with diarrhea and 1 case with slight elevation of GOT and GPT. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that CMNX is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical experience with cefminox in the pediatric field]. 387 40

Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results were as follows: Antibacterial activities of CAZ against clinically isolated strains of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were compared with those of cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), latamoxef ( LMOX ), cefoperazone (CPZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ), and also with cefsulodin (CFS) and gentamicin (GM) against P. aeruginosa. Against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, CAZ was almost as active as CTX, CZX and CPZ. Against E. coli, it was almost as active as CTX, CZX and LMOX . Against P. aeruginosa, it was almost as active as CFS and GM. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 5 minutes in each 2 cases (4 cases in total) were determined. The mean serum concentrations of CAZ were 78.9 and 52.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 38.5 and 27.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, and 6.5 and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives (T 1/2) of 1.39 and 1.80 hours respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rate within 6 hours after administration was 84.6%. In a patient with chronic renal failure, serum half-life was 3.22 hours and urinary excretion rate within 6 hours was 22.8% (after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at a dose of 10 mg/kg). CAZ was administered at a dose of 55.5 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection to a child with purulent meningitis. The levels of CAZ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 hour after administration were 2.7-38.9 micrograms/ml with CSF/Serum ratios of 3.2-28.8%. Forty-two pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 14, tonsillitis 1, bronchopneumonia 3, pneumonia 17, purulent meningitis 1, bacteremia 2, SSSS 1, enterocolitis 3) were treated with CAZ at a daily dose of 49-222 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. (as a rule 60 mg/kg t.i.d.). The efficacy rate was 97.6% clinically and 97.8% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed except 1 case with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also only mild; eosinophilia in 1, slight elevation of GOT in 5 and that of GOT & GPT in 3 cases. These results indicate the usefulness of CAZ in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics]. 637 56


1 2 Next >>