Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic hepatitis C is a common cause of viral liver disease in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. To assess the efficacy and safety of therapy with interferon alpha we conducted a prospective study where 14 cadaveric KT recipients with chronic hepatitis C received recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFNa) 3 million units three times weekly (scheduled) for 6 months (group A). 14 KT recipients with chronic hepatitis C were not treated and served as controls for the study period (group B). All the patients in both groups had had stable renal function for at least one year. All patients in both groups had a positive HCV viremia at the beginning of the study. Patients of group A were treated for 142 +/- 34.8 days (range 65-168); elevated serum aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased rapidly and significantly from 100.3 +/- 48.9 to 37.7 +/- 13.9 IU/L (P = 0.001); 10 patients (77%) were "responders," whereas the others experienced a decrease in ALT values but without reaching the normal ranges. With a mean follow-up of twelve months after discontinuation of IFNa therapy, 8 responders--i.e., 80%--relapsed within 1-20 weeks. Only 4 patients had no detectable HCV viremia at the end of the IFNa; two of them already have abnormal values of ALT. Moreover HCV viremia was present in all patients one month after the cessation of IFNa treatment. Side effects of IFNa (fatigue, anorexia, weight loss) were frequent, and 3 patients decided to drop out of the treatment. The hematological tolerance was good although there was a significant decrease in hemoglobin (11.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 13.4 +/- 1.7 g/dl; P = 0.0044). In group B, serum ALT levels did not significantly decrease (84.2 +/- 47.6 vs. 105.2 +/- 68.8 IU/L). At the end of the study period serum ALT levels were significantly lower in group A than in group B (37.7 +/- 13.9 vs. 84.2 +/- 47.6 IU/L, P = 0.013). The major concern in group A was the occurrence of 5 renal failures. Kidney transplant biopsies showed edema, no significant tubulitis, scarcely scattered interstitial inflammatory cellular infiltration, and mesangial thickening. Four patients received methylprednisolone pulses but renal function improved in only two cases. We were not able to discover predictive factors of renal failure. We conclude that IFNa therapy is effective in controlling disease activity--i.e., reducing amino-transferase levels in KT patients with chronic hepatitis C, although relapse and detection of HCV RNA after the cessation of treatment were observed, respectively, in 80% and 100% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alpha in kidney transplant recipients. 777 Sep 30

The kidney is probably the major site of production of the plasma enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx-P). For this study, GSHPx-P activity was determined in 40 healthy people, in 34 patients with differing degrees of renal impairment, and in hemodialysis patients from whom blood samples were withdrawn either before or after each session (18 patients) or throughout the dialysis session (27 patients). Hemodialysis patients were treated by means of different techniques (bicarbonate hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and acetate free biofiltration), and different membranes (cuprophane, polyacrylonitrite, and polymethylmethacrylate). The following results were obtained: 1) GSHPx-P activity was significantly decreased in renal impairment patients; 2) GSHPx-P activity negatively correlated with serum creatinine values in renal impairment patients (r = -0.55; p < 0.001); and 3) the enzyme activity slightly increased after the session in hemodialysis patients. The following conclusions can be drawn: GSHPx-P activity could be new index of renal function, because it was decreased in patients with renal failure; the decrease in GSHPx-P activity paralleled the severity of renal impairment, and was maximal in hemodialysis patients; GSHPx-P activity was slightly raised at the end of the hemodialysis session, concomitant with other enzyme activities (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and total protein concentration. This seems to be attributable to the process of water loss rather than other hypothetical mechanisms, such as A) enzyme activation by either peroxide generation during blood-membrane contact, or by the removal of a hypothetical inhibitor; and B) de novo synthesis in the residual renal mass or in other sites of production.
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PMID:The plasma glutathione peroxidase enzyme in hemodialyzed subjects. 785 33

HBsAg-positive patients with end-stage renal failure have a high prevalence of asymptomatic chronic hepatitis. In order to determine the usefulness of hepatic cytology in the diagnosis of liver disease, the findings of hepatic needle core biopsy (NCB) and fine needle aspirative biopsy (FNAB) were compared in 15 HBsAg-positive uremic patients. The patients, aged 42 +/- 12 years, 14 males, were on hemodialysis for periods ranging from 13 to 105 months. The NCB was processed by standard histologic and immunohistochemical techniques and FNAB by the conventional technique, using the total corrected increment score (TCI). Plasma samples were collected for evaluation of hepatic function and for viral serologic tests. In 15 patients a diagnosis was made by NCB: normal, 7 cases; chronic persistent hepatitis, 4 cases; and chronic active hepatitis, 4 cases. When the patients were allocated into two groups according to the severity of the liver histologic findings [group I--minor changes (normal+chronic persistent hepatitis), 11 patients; group II--major changes (chronic active hepatitis), 4 patients], statistically higher values were found in the major changes group for alanine aminotransferase (49 +/- 33 vs. 24 +/- 11, p = 0.04), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [148 +/- 53 vs. 38 +/- 28, p < (minor) 0.02] and TCI (3.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.8, p = 0.04). In conclusion, liver FNAB can be useful as a screening procedure for the identification of liver histologic changes (minor or major) in uremic HBsAG-positive patients.
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PMID:Fine needle aspirative biopsy of the liver in HBsAG-positive patients with end-stage renal failure. 793 57

The risk for developing acute liver failure after halothane exposition was calculated between 1:8,000 and 1:36,000. The case report given on a 22 year old man with halothane-induced hepatic failure is unusual, because the typical risk factors as age over 40, female sex, obesity, and previous exposure to halothane were not present. Two days after exposure to halothane the patient suffered acute liver failure with severe coagulopathy (factor V = 5% activity), and encephalopathy grade IV complicated by renal failure and respiratory insufficiency. Maximal increases of enzymes in blood were AST 3900 U/L, ALT 2570 U/L, LDH 10600 U/L. After six days the patient underwent liver transplantation with complete anuria and instable circulation. Explanted liver showed massive necrosis (70% of parenchyma) and fatty changes. The liver transplant had immediately a good function and renal failure resolved within three days. In the follow-up of 3 1/2 years the patient suffered no further complications. Culturing the patient's lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test a strong reaction could be detected with a stimulatory index of 20. Maximal proliferation was observed when lymphocytes were incubated with plasma metabolites of a volunteer drawn 120 minutes after anesthesia with halothane was started.
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PMID:[Liver transplantation in halothane-induced liver necrosis]. 802 96

Surgical treatment has been employed in 52 patients (pts) with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DS-TAA). Based on the adjuncts during aneurysmal repair, the series is divided into 2 groups; simple aortic cross-clamping was utilized to manage the lesion in group SC (n = 42), while left heart bypass using a centrifugal pump was employed during the period of aortic occlusion in LHB group (n = 10). Of these 52 pts, 4 died in hospital (group SC:2, group LHB:2). The most common complication was the respiratory failure following the renal failure. No paraplegia occurred in both groups. Biochemistric measurements of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine (CRN) and amylase (AMY) showed no difference between group SC and group LHB. In pts of SC group with normal renal function, post-operative maximum (post Max) CRN during the first month had a logarithmic correlation with total aortic cross-clamp time (TAXT). The post Max CRN of LHB group with normal renal function remained less than 3.0 mg/dl even in the case with TAXT over 60 minutes. There is also a linear correlation of post Max AMY in pts of SC group. Late survival at 4 years, including hospital death, were 83% in SC group and 63% in LHB group. We conclude that DS-TAA cases with TAXT of less than 30 min with good distal organ function can be managed with simple aortic cross-clamping; otherwise usage of LHB was recommended to support distal circulation.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with simple aortic cross-clamping versus left heart bypass using centrifugal pump]. 803 74

We studied the pharmacokinetics of a new cephem antibiotic, S-1108, in patients with impaired kidney functions. Serum and urinary levels of S-1006 were determined after oral administration of S-1108 at 150 mg to 9 patients with renal dysfunction. In patients with severe renal impairment, high serum levels were maintained over long periods of time. Urinary excretion rates of S-1006 were lower as degrees of kidney failure were severer. S-1108 was administered to treat 27 patients with respiratory tract infections, and its clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. The clinical efficacies were good in 26 patients, but poor in 1, yielding an efficacy rate of 96.3%. As to adverse reactions; diarrhea was observed in one case. Laboratory tests revealed elevated GOT and GPT in 1, and elevated gamma-GTP in another. These abnormalities, however, were slight and no severe side effects were caused by the drug.
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PMID:[Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of S-1108]. 810 69

A 42-year-old female was admitted to a hospital, because of acute hepatitis A. Laboratory data were GOT 8210mU/ml. GPT 4650mU/ml, LDH 11860mU/ml, total bilirubin 4.7mg/dl, BUN 19.5mg/dl and creatinine 1.9mg/dl. Urinalysis showed proteinuria 3+ and occult blood 1+. Soon after admission, she suffered from anuric acute renal failure and was transferred to our hospital for hemodialysis. Her urine-volume was under 20 ml per day. Urinalysis showed proteinuria 4+, occult blood 1+ and casts. Laboratory data showed BUN 58.2mg/dl and creatinine 8.5mg/dl. She was treated by hemodialysis for 35 days, before recovering from renal failure. However, her renal function did not recover perfectly and her 24-hour creatinine clearance remained at 50ml/min after 6 months. Renal biopsy was performed on the 17th day after admission. Examination by light microscopy revealed the findings of acute tubular necrosis and examination by immunofluorescence antibody method was negative. Urinalysis of 8 patients with acute hepatitis A showed that all patients had proteinuria at the onset. Patients with acute hepatitis A have symptoms of appetite-loss, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea. These symptoms cause hypovolemia, and hepatic dysfunction causes discontrol of vasoactive hormones, which gives rise to disturbance of renal circulation. Subsequently, acute tubular necrosis and acute renal failure occur.
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PMID:[A case of acute hepatitis A associated with acute renal failure from the onset]. 823 Aug 22

After undergoing withdrawal treatment for alcoholism as an in-patient for one year a 49-year-old woman was started on disulfiram, 250 mg daily, her liver function tests being normal. Except for vitamin B1 she received no further medication. Jaundice developed 13 days after onset of treatment and acute liver failure was diagnosed on the 18th day after a total disulfiram dose of 4.5 g (Quick value < 10%; bilirubin 460 mumol/l; GPT 5099 U/l; GOT 4142 U/l), as well as early renal failure (creatinine 300 mumol/l). An acute viral infection, autoimmune hepatitis and a metabolic liver disease were excluded by biochemical, serological and molecular biology tests. All toxicological tests were negative. The patient died 25 days after the onset of disulfiram treatment in hepatic coma due to a fulminant hepatitis with hepatorenal syndrome. Both a liver biopsy and the autopsy showed the signs of an acute hepatic dystrophy without cirrhosis. The temporal relationship between the disulfiram intake and onset of the illness, the exclusion of other causes of the fulminant hepatitis and the liver histology, which was compatible with a chemical-toxic hepatitis, indicate that this was a case of disulfiram-induced hepatitis. The hepatotoxicity of disulfiram is a very rare idiosyncratic reaction which is often fatal. Disulfiram administration must be discontinued at once if there is a rise in liver enzyme activity or jaundice occurs.
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PMID:[Fulminant hepatitis caused by disulfiram]. 840 76

Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis occurs in 50% of Saudi patients with end-stage renal failure and requires long-term hemodialysis since it is a contraindication to renal transplantation. Thirteen patients with biochemical and histological documented chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (11 with HCV antibodies) entered a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study, in which Roferon A 3 MU or placebo were administered subcutaneously 3 times weekly after hemodialysis for 6 months. The mean ALT fell significantly from pretreatment levels of 74.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 54.7, 92.5) (13 patients in the 6-month run-in period) and 66.8 (CI 47.7, 85.8) (7 patients in the run-in period + 6 patients in the placebo period) (difference NS) to 37.6 (CI 21.0, 54.2) during interferon treatment (P < 0.005). In 10/13 patients (77%) ALT levels became normal. In the 6-month follow-up period immediately after therapy, the mean ALT was 45.2 (CI 28.0, 62.0). Although this change was not significant (P = 0.49), only 7 of these 10 patients sustained biochemical remission in the 6-month follow-up period. The corresponding total Histological Activity Index improved from 8.9 (CI 7.5, 10.3), 8.9 (CI 7.2, 10.7) (difference NS) to 6.2 (CI 3.9, 8.5) (P < 0.05; P = 0.052, respectively). Intralobular inflammation and periportal inflammation showed the most significant changes. Five of 13 (39%) and 2/13 patients (15%) had complete resolution of piecemeal necrosis and intralobular inflammation, respectively. Toxic effects of interferon were mild, early and self-limiting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis complicated by end-stage renal failure treated with recombinant interferon alpha. 840 37

Medical records and histologic sections of 40 cats with acute pancreatitis were reviewed. Two distinct groups of cats with pancreatitis were established by histologic analysis of tissue. Group 1 (32 cats) had acute pancreatic necrosis (APN). Group 2 (8 cats) had suppurative pancreatitis. Ages of affected cats ranged from 3 weeks to 16 years. The majority consisted of indoor cats of the Domestic Short-Haired breed but Siamese cats were over-represented relative to the general population (P < 0.05). Twenty-two percent of cats were obese and 57% were underweight. Thirty-eight percent of cats had acute disease. In the other cats, two stages in the progression of the disease were evident: (1) anorexia, weight loss, and lethargy, followed by (2) acute deterioration, development of shock, and a moribund state, despite fluid therapy. The most common clinical signs were severe lethargy (100%), reduced appetite (97%), dehydration (92%), and hypothermia (68%). The initial hemogram occasionally showed a neutrophilia (30%) and anemia (26%) but packed cell volume (PCV) decreased markedly to the extent that 55% of cats were anemic terminally. Serum biochemical abnormalities included increased activities of ALT (68%) and ALP (50%), and increased concentrations of bilirubin (64%) and cholesterol (64%). Cats with APN were hyperglycemic (64%), glycosuric (60%) and ketonuric (20%), whereas cats with suppurative pancreatitis tended to be hypoglycemic (75%). Renal failure and electrolyte abnormalities were mild or infrequent except for hypokalemia (56%). This study characterizes a severe necrotizing pancreatitis in the cat similar to that reported in other species, and a histologically distinct suppurative pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute necrotizing pancreatitis and acute suppurative pancreatitis in the cat. A retrospective study of 40 cases (1976-1989). 1146 88


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