Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An intravenous preparation of doxycycline (DOTC, Vibramycin 'Pfizer'), a long-lasting tetracycline, was administered mainly by drip infusion for a series of study in the pediatrics field, and the results were as follows: 1) DOTC (100 mg) was dissolved in a 100 ml of glucose solution and 2--3 mg/kg was administered intravenously. When the total infusion time was adjusted between one to two hours, the peak serum level of DOTC was seen at the end of infusion in each case. The serum level in a two-hour infusion time, however, the serum level was delectable for a long period of time: the serum level after 10 hours was 0.82--1.23 micrograms/ml. Above results suggest that DOTC intravenous should be given in a two-hour infusion twice a day for applicable infections in the pediatrics field. 2) Urine excretion of DOTC was about a half (50%) of the administered dosage. 3) DOTC was given mostly at about 3--5 mg/kg per day (twice a day) infusion to 25 children with five infections, viz. acute angina lacunaris, acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia and acute urinary tract infections. A clinical improvement seemed attributable to DOTC was clearly observed in 23 out of 25 patients (92%). 4). DOTC infusion was also effective for Mycoplasma meningoencephalitis, severe Mycoplasma pneumonia associated with pleuritis, bronchitis and bronchopneumonia with a lot of Staphylococcus aureus identified in the sputum medium, acute urinary tract infections caused by E. coli. 5) Before and ten days after DOTC infusion, laboratory tests for liver and renal functions and blood were performed. No noticeable abnormalities were found except one case with transient GOT and GPT elevations. Above summary was presented at the 26th annual meeting of Japan Society of Chemotherapy in June 1978.
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PMID:[A clinical study of intravenous doxycycline in the pediatrics field (author's transl)]. 51 84

A new oral macrolide, clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 33 children. TE-031 was effective in all cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, pertussis and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. The pharmacokinetic availability of TE-031 granule and tablets was much better than the older macrolides; serum half-lives of TE-031 averaged 3.2 +/- 0.25 hours (for the granule preparation). No clinical adverse reaction was encountered, but cases of transient mild elevation of the serum GPT (2 cases) and eosinophilia (2 cases) were encountered. From these preliminary data, TE-031 seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic in children]. 252 41

The usefulness of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in the treatment of pediatric infections was evaluated. 1. Twenty pediatric patients with infection were treated with SBT/ABPC and an intravenous dosage of 27.8-47.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Clinical efficacies in 18 patients excluding 2 patients of Mycoplasma pneumonia (9 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract infection, 1 tonsillitis, 1 maxillary sinusitis and 1 osteomyelitis) were judged to be excellent in 13 patients and good in 5. There was no case of failure. 2. Bacteriological efficacies against 16 strains (1 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Enterococcus faecalis, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 Escherichia coli and 1 Serratia sp.) isolated from 13 of the 18 patients were rated as "eradicated" for 13 strains, "decreased" for 1 and "unchanged" for 2 with an eradication rate of 81.3%. Of 13 strains eradicated, 3 were those with high beta-lactamase productivity. 3. Rash as a side effect developed in 1 patient and eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 7 patients but none of them were serious. 4. Blood levels of the drug following an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg were determined in 2 pediatric patients. Blood levels of SBT and ABPC at 30 minutes after intravenous administration were 19.0 and 29.2 micrograms/ml in one patient and 21.0 and 31.6 micrograms/ml in another, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 0.48 and 0.62 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.59 and 0.89 microgram/ml in another, respectively. The half-lives of SBT were 0.67 and 0.70 hour and those of ABPC were 0.64 and 0.69 hour in the 2 patients, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 51

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a newly developed injectable cephem antibiotic, was injected intravenously to 13 cases of pediatric infections. Patients received the drug at a dose level of approximately 20 mg/kg x 3 times daily. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 4 patients, good in 6 and poor in 0 for 10 cases (2 phlegmon, 1 periproctal abscess, 5 pneumonia and 2 bronchitis) except 3 Mycoplasma pneumonia. 2. Three strains of pathogens were followed for their changes (Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 phlegmon, Klebsiella pneumoniae in periproctal abscess and Haemophilus influenzae in 1 bronchitis) and they were found to have been eliminated. 3. No adverse reactions occurred. Abnormal changes in laboratory test data found were 2 cases of eosinophilia, 1 cash each of increased GOT and GPT, and thrombocytosis, but none of them was severe.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefodizime on pediatric infections]. 279 61

We studied the absorption and excretion as well as the clinical effect of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) dry syrup. The results we found are summarized as follows: 1. When 3 pediatric patients were medicated orally with a single dose of 10 mg/kg of the drug, its peak concentrations of 0.75 and 0.51 microgram/ml appeared in the blood in 30 minutes after administration in 2 patients, and of 0.21 microgram/ml in 1 hour in the other patient. At 4 hours after administration, its concentration in the blood was 0.07-0.08 microgram/ml in all of the patient, and at 6 hours, it was undetectable. T1/2 values were 1.05-2.08 hours. First 6-hour urinary recovery rates of the drug in the first 2 patients were 1.52 and 1.11%, respectively. 2. Twenty-four patients with 25 diseases were medicated with 7.14-12.5 mg/kg of the drug 3-4 times daily for 4-10 days. The patients consisted of 12 with tonsillitis, 7 with bronchitis, 3 with colitis, one each with Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia, and pertussis. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 7, good in 13, and poor in 5, with an efficacy rate of 80.0%. Bacteriologically, of 17 isolates whose changes were followed, 8 were eradicated, 1 decreased, and 8 remained unchanged, with an eradication rate of 47.1%. 3. No adverse reactions to the drug were observed in any of these patients, while abnormal laboratory test values observed were slight eosinophilia and also slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT in one of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 317 63

Twenty five children were treated with rokitamycin (RKM) and its clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 13 days to 10 years. Doses of RKM ranged 17.1-39.3 mg/kg/day for 2.3 to 17.7 days. Twenty four patients including 8 Mycoplasma pneumonia, 5 bronchopneumonia, 6 bronchitis, 2 streptococcosis, 1 otitis media, 1 tonsillitis and 1 Chlamydia conjunctivitis were evaluated for clinical efficacy. Results were excellent in 7, good in 12, fair in 4, and poor in 1 patient. One patient was excluded from the evaluation, because the patient was treated with erythromycin before entering this study. Out of the 25 patients, 3 cases showed eosinophilia, 2 cases showed elevated GOT and GPT but no adverse clinical signs due to RKM were observed. The pharmacokinetics of RKM was studied in 5 patients whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 years. Plasma peak concentrations of RKM in 2 patients were 0.14 and 0.16 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after doses of 5 mg/kg. Peak concentrations in 3 patients ranged from 0.32 to 1.02 micrograms/ml after doses of 10 mg/kg. Portions of the drug excreted into urine within 6 hours were 0.49 and 1.03% in 2 patients each of whom was given doses of 5 mg/kg, and ranged from 1.16 to 1.30% in 3 patients, each given 10 mg/kg. Metabolic products in urine within 4 hours after doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg were studied in 4 patients. Leucomycin A7 and leucomycin V accounted for almost 90% of all the related compounds excreted.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a +rokitamycin dry syrup in children]. 322 31

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic, was studied bacteriologically and clinically. 1. The MIC and MBC values of FMOX and cefuzonam (CZON) were determined against strains of Staphylococcus aureus recently isolated from clinical materials. In MICs against methicillin- and cefazolin (CEZ)-sensitive strains, FMOX and CZON were almost equivalent. In MBC, FMOX showed lower values than CZON. Against resistant strains, both MIC and MBC values indicated that FMOX was superior to CZON, and particularly, values showed large differences in MBC. 2. FMOX was administered intravenously at doses of 20.0-35.1 mg/kg 3 or 4 times daily to 17 children aged 2 months to 8 years. The therapeutic effect was determined in 16 cases (pneumonia 9 cases, pyothorax 1, urinary tract infection 2, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 1, cellulitis 2 and arthritis 1). One remaining case was unevaluable and later found to be mycoplasmal pneumonia. The effect was determined as excellent in 10 cases and good in 6 cases. All the causative organisms detected in these evaluable cases were eliminated. 3. There were no symptoms or findings that suggested the occurrence of side effects of the drug in any of the 17 cases. With regard to laboratory values, a slight elevation of GPT was found in 1 case only. 4. In a case with pyothorax, the concentration of the drug in the pleural fluid determined on the day following the initiation of treatment was 18.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after intravenous injection of the drug at 33 mg/kg. The concentration was 46.7 times as high as the MIC (0.39 micrograms/ml) against the causative organism S. aureus. 5. Two doses of FMOX were intravenously administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg to a female infant ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection which had been treated with other drugs. In this case showing relatively low cell counts of 171-240/mm3 in the ventricular fluid, concentrations of the drug measured by HPLC were as low as 0.53 and 0.98 micrograms/ml 1 hour after intravenous injection of the drug. 6. The above results suggested that FMOX is a new antibiotic drug easy to use and effective for the treatment of general infections in children.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. 343 Jul 20

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of carumonam (CRMN, AMA-1080), the drug was used in the treatment of 10 patients including 4 with pneumonia and each with acute tonsillitis, chronic bronchitis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia (PAP), chronic pyelitis, and acute cystitis. Since beta-lactam antibiotics were not active against Mycoplasma pneumonia and PAP, these diseases were excluded from the clinical efficacy evaluation of CRMN. Responses were excellent in 1 patient and good in 7. Side effects were not observed. The laboratory test recognized slight elevations of GOT, GPT and eosinophilia in 1 patient and a slight leucopenia in another upon the administration of CRMN.
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PMID:[Clinical study of carumonam]. 344 30

A newly developed cephalosporin, cefixime (CFIX), was evaluated clinically in 35 pediatric patients. A pharmacokinetic study was also performed with 11 patients. CFIX was administered as granules. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 11 patients, each of 6 patients was given CFIX at a dose of 3 mg/kg and each of the remaining patients was given CFIX at 6 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of CFIX were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations of CFIX were measured for periods of 0-6 and 6-12 hours after dosing. CFIX was assayed by the disk method using E. coli ATCC 39188 as the test organism. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 35 children including 5 patients of acute tonsillitis, 10 of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 1 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of scarlet fever, 8 of acute bronchitis, 5 of pneumonia, 3 of urinary tract infections and 1 of paratyphoid B. One additional patient was included only in the evaluation of safety since he was suffering from Mycoplasma pneumonia. the patients were from 4 months to 8 years 2 months old and 11 of them were inpatients. Daily doses were from 6.0 to 13.5 mg/kg. After CFIX administration in doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations were 1.75 and 3.36 micrograms/ml, half-lives were 2.65 and 2.86 hours and urinary excretions rates up to 12 hours after dosing were 16.1 and 12.4%, respectively. Serum concentrations were dose dependent and the half-life was fairly long compared with other known oral cephalosporins. Clinical efficacies of CFIX in 34 patients were "excellent" in 25 children, "good" in 8 and "poor" in 1 with effectiveness rate of 97.1%. Twenty-two strains of causative organisms, including 6 strains of S. aureus, 3 of S. pyogenes, 2 of S. pneumoniae, 3 of E. coli, 5 of H. influenzae, 2 of H. parainfluenzae and 1 of S. paratyphi B, were isolated. After treatment all strains except 2 strains of S. aureus (one was unknown and the other was decreased), 1 strain of S. pneumoniae (unknown) and 1 strain of H. influenzae (unknown) were successfully eradicated but S. paratyphi B was proved again in feces 9 days after treatment. No adverse reaction was observed. Among 18 children who went through laboratory test, however, an elevation of eosinophile and elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 2 children and 1 child, respectively.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefixime granules in pediatrics]. 376 35

A clinical and laboratory evaluation and a blood level studied on aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new injectable penicillin derivative; the following results were obtained. ASPC was intravenously administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 83.3 to 111.9 mg/kg to 5 patients (1 case of lacunar tonsillitis caused by H. influenzae, 3 cases of pneumonia caused by H. influenzae, 1 case of pneumonia caused by E. coli). As the results, a global effect were excellent in 3 cases and good in 2 cases. The overall efficacy ratio was 100%. All isolated organisms were eradicated, excluding the only case of pneumonia due to H. influenzae infection. No side effects were found in any of the 7 patients including 2 patients who were dropped out the efficacy evaluation because of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Laboratory findings showed a slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2 cases and temporary eosinophilia in 1 case. Blood level of ASPC in 2 cases after 10 mg/kg administration by intravenous injection was 28.5 or 35.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 14.3 or 20.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 6.1 or 8.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.3 or 3.02 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. The half-life was 0.81 or 1.01 hours, respectively. Judging from the results of this blood level and the MIC of ASPC against clinically isolated organisms, good efficacy will be obtained to pediatric infections by the sensitive strains, if it is given 10 mg/kg to mild patients or 20 mg/kg to moderate or severe patients in 3 or 4 divided dose at a daily dosage.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of aspoxicillin in pediatrics]. 406 24


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