Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CFPZ were determined upon oral administration of CFPZ after meal at doses of 4 mg/kg granules in a case, 7.5 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 15 mg/kg granules in one. Peak serum levels of CFPZ were obtained at an hour in 3 cases and at 2 hours in 1 case after administration of the drug with a range of 2.7-8.6 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.69-0.95 hours. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after administration ranged from 59.4-71.3%. 2. MICs of CFPZ against 36 clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 5, Streptococcus pyogenes 5, Escherichia coli 5, Haemophilus influenzae 12, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 4, and Branhamella catarrhalis 1) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL) and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFPZ was superior to those of CCL against Gram-positive cocci, and to those of ABPC against E. coli, and was equal to those of CCL and inferior to those of ABPC against H. influenzae. 3. Thirty-seven pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (pharyngitis/tonsillitis 17, bronchitis 7, pneumonia 3, skin and soft tissue infection 2, and urinary tract infection 8) were treated with CFPZ at daily doses of 10-47 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 56% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case and elevated GOT, GPT values in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil in the field of pediatrics]. 149 37

Bacteriological and clinical studies have been performed on meropenem (MEPM, SM-7338), a newly developed carbapenem antibiotic, in the pediatric field. 1. Antibacterial activities of MEPM against 24 clinical isolates were determined. MEPM showed excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Branhamella catarrhalis. Against Haemophilus influenzae, MEPM had a higher activity than imipenem and flomoxef, but had a lower activity than piperacillin and cefoperazone. 2. Clinical efficacies of MEPM were evaluated in 32 cases with bacterial infections. A poor efficacy was observed in 1 patient with phlegmon but excellent or good efficacies were obtained in other 31 patients with tonsillitis (1), pneumonia (17), UTI (12), or SSSS (1). The overall efficacy rate was 96.9%. All strains except 1 of S. aureus were eradicated by the administration of MEPM, and a high eradication rate of 95.8% (23 out of 24 strains) was obtained. 3. No side effects were observed in 35 evaluated cases. As abnormal laboratory test results, elevated GOT, elevated GPT, eosinophilia and neutropenia were noted in 4, 4, 4 and 2 patients, respectively. 4. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. PIVKA II was elevated upon administration of MEPM in some cases, but no changes in ATT, TT, HPT or Fbg were observed during the treatment. Based on the above results, it has been concluded that MEPM is a safe and effective drug to use in the treatment of pediatric infections. The usual recommended dosage and administration should be 10 to 20 mg/kg of MEPM at a time, using intravenous drip infusion, 3 times a day.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in the pediatric field]. 150 6

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) were carried out in pediatric patients. The following results were obtained: 1. Upon 30-minute intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 20 mg/kg, plasma concentrations of PAPM/BP reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion with average values of 62.94/47.32 micrograms/ml, and their plasma half-lives were 1.00/0.51 hour in the beta-phase. Upon 30-minute intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 10 mg/kg, peak plasma concentrations were 32.10/23.76 micrograms/ml and plasma half-lives were 0.93/0.59 hour. 2. The urinary excretion rates of PAPM/BP after 30-minute intravenous infusion at doses of 20 and 10 mg/kg were 25.09/81.04% and 32.14/84.66%, respectively. 3. PAPM/BP was administered to 18 cases (upper and lower respiratory tract infections, pneumonia and urinary tract infections) at daily doses of 30-88.9 mg/kg/day divided into 3 dosages using 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. Clinical responses were "excellent" in 12 patients, "good" in 5, and "poor" in 1, hence an efficacy rate of 94.4% was obtained. 4. Bacteria identified from various diseases involved 11 strains of 6 species, and the eradication rate was 90.9%. 5. No side effect was recognized in any patient. Laboratory test results showed abnormalities in including 1 case with leukopenia, and in 2 cases with elevation of GOT and GPT.
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PMID:[Studies on panipenem/betamipron in the pediatric field]. 151 28

The efficacy and the safety of panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a new carbapenem antibiotic against infections in pediatrics were studied. The obtain results are summarized as follows. 1. The transfer of PAPM/BP to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in 2 cases of purulent meningitis. The PAPM/BP levels in CSF in a dose 26.1 mg/kg peaked at 3.21 micrograms/ml on sampling 30 minutes after administration, followed by decreasing gradually with the improvement in clinical symptoms and came to 0.86 micrograms/ml on the 12th day (30 minutes after administration). 2. PAPM/BP at dose levels of 50 mg/kg to 69 mg/kg a day (daily doses of 104 mg/kg, 175 mg/kg 4 times a day for 2 cases of purulent meningitis) was administered by intravenous drip infusion 3 times daily for 4 to 15 days to 2 cases of purulent meningitis (including 1 case of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus penumoniae meningitis), 3 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of phlegmon, 2 cases of periproctal abscess and 2 cases of urinary tract infections for a total of 11 cases. As results, all the cases showed good responses including 5 excellent and 6 good responses. Bacteriological efficacies in all of the 9 eligible cases were assessed as "eradicated". 3. As for the safety, an increase in the platelet count and slight evaluation of GOT and GPT were seen in 1 case as abnormal changes in the laboratory findings, although no side-effect was observed. 4. The results above show that PAPM/BP is useful for the treatment of general infections in pediatrics and that a daily dose of about 60 mg/kg given in 3 divided doses in effective enough.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on efficacy and safety of panipenem/betamipron against infections in pediatrics and on its movement to cerebrospinal fluid including cases of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis]. 151 24

Panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) was given by 30 minutes drip infusion to 15 children with acute bacterial infections including 11 with acute pneumonia, 2 each with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and urinary tract infections. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 15 patients and bacterial eradications were obtained for all 12 strains identified in these cases. Urticaria considered to be drug related was observed in 1 patient. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. From the above clinical results, it appears that PAPM/BP is a useful antibiotic for treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 26

A clinical study on a new carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem (MEPM), was carried out in acute pediatric infections. MEPM was administered to 8 patients including 3 patients with acute pneumonia, 2 with cervical lymphadenitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis, and 1 with cellulitis and 1 with sepsis. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. As an adverse reaction, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient. In clinical laboratory tests 1 patient was found to have S-GPT elevation which normalized after discontinuation of MEPM. MEPM appears to be effective and safe drug for pediatric acute infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of meropenem in the pediatric field]. 152 73

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of meropenem (SM-7338, MEPM) were carried out in pediatric patients. The following results were obtained. 1. After 30-minute intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 20 mg/kg, plasma concentrations of MEPM reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion with an average value of 48.8 +/- 3.64 micrograms/ml, and the average plasma half-life was 0.93 +/- 0.21 hour in the beta-phase. After 30-minute intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 10 mg/kg, the average peak plasma concentration was 27.7 +/- 4.33 micrograms/ml and the average plasma half-life was 0.78 +/- 0.20 hour. 2. Urinary excretion rates of MEPM after 30-minute intravenous drip infusion at doses of 20 and 10 mg/kg were 44.8 +/- 4.54% and 40.9 +/- 1.78%, respectively. 3. MEPM was administered to 13 cases (upper and lower respiratory infections, pneumonia and lymphadenitis) at daily doses between 60-90 mg/kg/day divided into 3 dosages using 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. Clinical responses were "excellent" in 12 patients, "good" in 1, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. Bacteria identified in various disease cases included 12 strains of 5 species, and the eradication rate was 100%. 5. No side effects were observed in any children. Laboratory test results showed abnormalities in 2 cases with elevations of GOT and GPT. These results suggest that MEPM may be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Studies of meropenem in pediatric infections]. 152 75

We studied clinical effects of meropenem (MEPM, SM-7338), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem beta-lactam drug, and following results were obtained. The patients were administered with 16-20 mg/kg of MEPM every 8 hours using 1 hour drip infusion. 1. Clinical effects of MEPM were studied in 10 children with various infectious diseases: 1 with acute bronchitis, and 2 each with acute tonsillitis, acute bronchopneumonia, acute pneumonia, acute urinary infection, and 1 with pertussis pneumonia. The case of pertussis pneumonia later developed bronchiolitis obliterans, hence a steroid and gamma-globulin were used. This case was excluded from the clinical evaluation. The efficacy rate was 100% (9/9), and the bacteriological eradication rate was 100% (6/6). 2. No side effects were noted. Clinical laboratory test values were investigated in 10 patients. There was a case of abnormal laboratory test findings with mild elevations of liver functions such as GOT, GPT, and gamma-GTP. These abnormalities disappeared in 1 week after the end of therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical study on meropenem in pediatric field]. 152 76

We have carried out clinical studies on meropenem (MEPM, SM-7338), the results are summarized as follows. Treatment with MEPM was made in 13 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 9 cases of pneumonia and 2 cases of colitis and 1 case each of purulent tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. Results obtained were excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed in any cases, except in 1 case each of eosinophilia, elevated gamma-GTP, elevated total bilirubin and elevated GPT.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of meropenem in pediatric field]. 152 80

We retrospectively reviewed 159 episodes of bacteraemic pneumococcal infection in 157 adult patients at the Helsinki University Central Hospital during two periods between 1976 and 1979 and 1986 and 1989. We looked especially at changes in underlying diseases and prognostic factors. The overall case fatality rate was 21% and there was a small diminishing trend in that rate from 28% (16/58) in the late 1970s to 17% (17/101) in the late 1980s. The patients who died in the late 1980s were younger than those who died in the earlier period. The most common underlying factors were alcohol abuse, cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Old age was neither a predisposing factor nor did it predict the outcome. No significant changes in underlying diseases or prognostic factors were noted during the two periods studied except a small decrease in connective tissue diseases as underlying conditions. The factors related to increased fatality included hepatic cirrhosis, a combination of pneumonia and meningitis, complications such as shock, respiratory insufficiency, central nervous system disorders and circulatory acidosis, and laboratory findings such as thrombocytopenia, absence of leucocytosis and increased amounts of serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase on admission to the hospital. Previous splenectomy and malignant diseases were not associated with higher mortality. The thrombocytopenia at the time of positive blood culture and the circulatory acidosis as a complication seemed to be independently the most useful predictive factors for a fatal outcome using multivariate logistical regression analysis after adjustment to classic risk factors.
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PMID:Pneumococcal bacteraemia during a recent decade. 156 6


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