Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A newly recognized disease in dogs, ulcerative dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus (diabetic dermatopathy), was diagnosed in 2 dogs with pancreatic endocrine tumors that had immunohistologic evidence of glucagon production. Dogs developed diabetes mellitus in the later stages of the illness, months after the skin disease was first observed. Liver disease was identified and characterized by high serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities. Clinically, erythema and crusting involved the footpads, the face, perioral and genital skin, and ventrum. Histologically, skin lesions were intercellular and intracellular edema and necrosis of the upper half of the epidermis and diffuse parakeratosis. Clinically and histologically, skin lesions closely resembled necrolytic migratory erythema of people, a skin disease that usually is associated with a glucagon-secreting pancreatic endocrine tumor and diabetes mellitus (glucagonoma syndrome): The morphologically descriptive term, superficial necrolytic dermatitis, was preferred over the previously proposed names hepatocutaneous syndrome and diabetic dermatopathy, which each connote only a single feature of the disease.
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PMID:Glucagon-producing pancreatic endocrine tumors in two dogs with superficial necrolytic dermatitis. 227 59

The effect of the administration of an extract of garlic (Allium sativum) was studied in mice that were treated with a chronic lethal dose of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg body wt, 14 days). The intraperitoneal administration of garlic (50 mg/animal, 14 days) along with cyclophosphamide reduced the toxicity of the latter considerably with an increase in life span of more than 70%. The administration of garlic extract did not improve the lymphopenia produced by cyclophosphamide or liver alkaline phosphatase, but there was a significant reduction in liver glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. Moreover, garlic extract reduced the level of lipid peroxidation induced in the liver by cyclophosphamide administration. Administration of garlic extract did not interfere with the tumor-reducing activity of cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:Chemoprotection of garlic extract toward cyclophosphamide toxicity in mice. 230 75

During induction chemotherapy, we experienced the false elevation of the tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in some disseminated testicular cancer patients. We discussed the possibility of the false elevation of the tumor marker AFP and evaluated the relationship between AFP and the markers of liver damage (GOT, GPT, LDH, etc.), the elevation of which were caused by induction chemotherapy of the VAB-6 regimen. We evaluated each variable of the eleven patients with disseminated testicular cancer who had been treated in our hospital between 1979 and 1984. The elevation of each marker of liver damage was induced by the VAB-6 regimen, immediately after the end of each induction chemotherapy but not by other induction chemotherapy regimens. A statistical study confirmed that there was a close correlation between the elevation of AFP and of the markers of liver damage, that is induced frequently by the induction chemotherapy of VAB-6 regimen.
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PMID:[False-positive elevation of alpha-fetoprotein during induction chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer]. 243 35

Ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, three of whom had pulmonary metastasis, were treated with adoptive immunotherapy using autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells plus recombinant interleukin 2. Patients received 15 micrograms per day of recombinant interleukin 2 consecutively (for 14 to 64 days), from Day 7 prior to the first leukapheresis, and received 10(9) to 10(10) lymphokine-activated killer cells once or twice per week intravenously; the lymphokine-activated killer cells had been generated from mononuclear cells obtained through leukapheresis. Preadministration of recombinant interleukin 2 prior to the first leukapheresis resulted in a remarkable increase of lymphokine-activated killer activity in seven of nine cases in whom lymphokine-activated killer activity had been poorly inducible even at high concentrations of recombinant interleukin 2. At the end of the treatment, liver tumor regression (34 and 63%, respectively, of two-dimensional size) was observed in two of two patients with a solitary tumor; no increase of liver tumor size was observed in seven patients with massive or multiple tumors, and no changes in the size or number of pulmonary metastatic tumors in any patients were observed. More than a 35% decrease in serum alpha-fetoprotein level was noted in four of nine alpha-fetoprotein-positive patients. However, Child's grades, performance status and lymphokine-activated killer activity on entry into the study could not be used as parameters to predict therapy responsiveness. Neither serious side effects nor significant changes of serum bilirubin, ALT and creatinine were noted. Thus, this treatment seems to be well tolerated even in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with poor liver function reserve, and tumor regression could be expected in small-burden hepatocellular carcinoma. The assessment of the therapeutic effects and application in hepatocellular carcinoma awaits the development of this trial.
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PMID:Adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells plus recombinant interleukin 2 in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. 247 81

Creation of an amino acid imbalance, particularly curtailment of L-methionine, at the tumor cell level is thought to have a favorable effect on the inhibition of tumor growth. In the present study, we examined the influence of a specially-formulated amino acid mixture, avoid of sulfur-containing amino acids (L-methionine and L-cysteine), on the growth and amino acid fraction of Sato lung carcinoma (SLC) and the host metabolism in SLC-bearing rats. The rats were treated by total parenteral nutrition containing the above amino acid mixture, plus other nutrients (methionine-deprived TPN) for 10 days. Tumor growth began to decrease 4 days after the start of this treatment and the size was significantly less at the end of the treatment than in rats receiving conventional TPN with general purpose Vuj-N type amino acid solution as a protein source. The tumor-to-carcass weight ratio also showed a similar trend. In biochemistry, the albumin level and albumin-to-globulin ratio were significantly lower than in the rats receiving conventional TPN but other parameters such as total protein, glucose, GOT and GPT were not affected by the treatment. In the amino acid fraction of the tumor tissue extraction, both L-methionine and L-tyrosine were decreased and L-serine was increased significantly compared with the control group.
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PMID:Influence of L-methionine-deprived total parenteral nutrition on the tumor tissue and plasma amino acids fraction and the host metabolism: experimental study with Sato lung carcinoma-bearing rats. 249 79

We carried out a study of the clinical courses of 70 untreated patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in order to evaluate their survival period and the prognostic factors. The median survival was two months. We evaluated ten variables of biochemical parameters and findings of hepatic scintigraphy. Among them, six variables were chosen by univariate analysis. They were serum bilirubin (cut-off value 3.0 mg/dl), alkaline phosphatase (150 IU/ml), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (200 IU/ml), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (50 IU/ml), reticuloendothelial (RES) dysfunction (grade 1) and multiplicity of space occupying lesions (SOL). Multivariate analysis identified three variables. The RES dysfunction and multiplicity of SOL by hepatic scintigraphy and bilirubin were considered as important prognostic factors. We found that the functional reservoir of the underlying liver and multiplicity of the origin of the tumor were the most important prognostic factors.
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PMID:Natural history and prognostic factors of primary hepatocellular carcinoma: study of 70 untreated patients. 256 1

Adult female rats were orally dosed with 1/5 to 3/5 the published LD50 of either promoters or putative promoters of carcinogenesis [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), kepone and toxaphene] or noncarcinogens [coumaphos, EDTA, caprolactam, 8-hydroxyquinoline, titanium (IV) oxide, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), and sucrose] at 21 and 4 h before sacrifice. The promoters selected in this study were all of the halogenated hydrocarbon class. At doses of 1/5 to 3/5 the LD50, all four promoters or putative promoters induced rat hepatic ODC activity. The seven noncarcinogens produced several biochemical effects at doses of 1/5 the LD50: increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity (SGPT) (caprolactam and DEDTC), decreased hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (DEDTC), and increased hepatic ODC activity (8-hydroxyquinoline and DEDTC). None of the seven noncarcinogens caused hepatic DNA damage or coordinate induction of hepatic ODC and cytochrome P-450. The results support the interpretation that several of these biochemical parameters are useful in distinguishing potential tumor promoters and noncarcinogens.
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PMID:Biochemical studies of promoters of carcinogenesis in rat liver. 257 89

Eight permanent human hepatocellular carcinoma (HHC) cell lines were established from 8 individual patients by the use of aspirated needle biopsy specimens (smaller than 0.1 ml in size). The cells grew in clustered form and retained intercellular junctions and canaliculi resembling bile canaliculi. The presence of secreted human alpha-fetoprotein and human albumin was detected in the cultured medium. Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen was not found on these cells. Implantation of the cells into athymic mice was followed by the growth of hepatocellular carcinomas and the appearance of human alpha-fetoprotein in the mouse serum. Chromosome analysis of three of the cell lines showed hyperdiploidy in two of them and hypotetraploidy in the other. Enzyme analyses of culture medium and cell homogenates have detected some enzymes characteristic of liver tissue such as gamma-glutamyl transferase, sorbital dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as aspartate and alanine transaminase. These tumor cells have been continuously maintained in culture for over 6 years with no significant changes observed.
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PMID:Culturing of human hepatocellular carcinoma. A simple and reproducible method. 257 38

All cases of liver tumor referred to the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia during 2.5 years were reviewed. Hepatocellular carcinoma, 104 cases, was considerably more common than metastatic carcinoma with unknown primary, 15 cases. Lymphoma presenting as liver tumor occurred in three cases and there were no cases of cholangiocarcinoma. There were only two cases of benign tumor, both hemangioma. Hepatocellular carcinoma was characterized by a male predominance of 6:1, positive hepatitis B surface antigen in 60%, presentation with an enlarged, hard liver in over 90%, a systolic-diastolic bruit over the mass in 45%, a single highly echogenic lesion in the right lobe on ultrasound in 80%, and rapid progression. The serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase, serumglutamic oxalacetic transaminase [SGOT]) was abnormal in 97% and was higher than the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 93% of cases compared with 17% in 100 consecutive cases of chronic active hepatitis. Sixty-six percent of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had serum AFP greater than 200 ng/ml. Excluding five cases of germ cell tumor (none involving the liver), and pregnant patients, serum AFP was less than 200 ng/ml in all other patients in whom it was measured between 1979 and 1981. A practical approach to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is outlined. Biopsy does not appear to be indicated in many cases of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatic tumors in Saudi Arabia. A practical approach to diagnosis. 257 17

Using patients with carcinomatous peritonitis caused by gastric cancer, we conducted a Phase II clinical study of LC 9018 by administering the agent alone or in combination with mitomycin C (MMC). Out of 29 patients enrolled, 12 were treated with LC 9018 alone and 17 others with LC 9018 + MMC. Of these, 15 cases were found completely evaluable. The response rate for 15 complete cases against carcinomatous peritonitis was 60.0% (3/5) for the group treated with LC9018 alone and 70.0% (7/10) with LC9018 + MMC. Of the 27 eligible patients, the ascites could be controlled in 58.3% (7/12) for those treated with LC9018 alone and 60.0% (9/15) for those with LC9018 + MMC, with tumor cells being eliminated in 50.0% (6/12) and 60.0% (9/15), respectively. Major adverse reactions included fever, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain and increases in GOT and GPT. These findings suggest that LC9018 might be a useful therapeutic agent against carcinomatous peritonitis of gastric cancer whether used alone or in combination with MMC.
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PMID:[Phase II clinical study of LC9018 on carcinomatous peritonitis of gastric cancer. Subgroup for Carcinomatous Peritonitis, Cooperative, Study Group of LC9018]. 266 Jul 50


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