Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study of the clinical findings and natural history of 140 patients with disseminated malignant melanoma treated at Wayne State University over a ten year period was done. Multiple organ metastases were diagnosed clinically in 78 per cent of all patients and seen at all autopsies. Routine roentgenograms of the chest did not diagnose metastases to the lung in 27 per cent of the patients. The concimitant elevation of alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase enzymes is suggestive of underlying metastases to the liver even with a negative liver scan or normal liver size. Electroencephalography was found to be sensitive in predicting and confirming metastases to the central nervous system prior to clinical manifestation with a 97 per cent accuracy rate in clinically confirmed instances as compared with a 60 per cent accuracy rate with brain scan. Age, sex and primary site of melanoma did not influence the survival once the disease became disseminated. Patients with a disease-free interval of more than six months statistically have a better chance of survival from the onset of systemic metastases, p = 0.001. Patients with a poor performance status of less than or equal to 40 per cent had a median survival period of one month as compared with six months with 90 per cent performance, p = 0.001. Patients who initially presented with metastases to the skin or lymph nodes without other visceral involvement had a 14 month median survival rate as compared with eight months in patients with metastases to the central nervous system only, four months with metastases to the liver and only one month in patients with multiple organ involvement, p = 0.0001.
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PMID:Clinical presentation, natural history and prognostic factors in advanced malignant melanoma. 50 43

Six female beagle dogs were given a daily dose of 100 mg MOCA, by capsule, 3 days per week for the first 6 weeks and then 5 days per week continuously for periods up to 9.0 years. The dose varied from 8 to 15 mg/kg body weight/day among the dogs. Six female beagle dogs were kept as untreated controls. The test was terminated after 9.0 years of treatment. The average plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity of the dogs fed MOCA was higher than that of the controls during the first and last two years on test. During the eighth and ninth years the urine sediment from MOCA dogs contained excessive numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and epithelial cells. Some epithelial cells contained abnormalities that suggested neoplasia in the genitourinary tract. One MOCA dog, sacrificed after 8.3 years on test was found to have a papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Of four MOCA dogs sacrificed after 9.0 years on test, three were found to have papillary transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder and one had a combined transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the urethra. The urethral tumor had metastasized to the liver, but the papillary transitional cell carcinomas found in the other four dogs did not invade the muscle layers of the bladder wall and did not metastasize. Since no urinary bladder tumors were found in the six control dogs, MOCA was considered to be carcinogenic for the urinary bladder of dogs under the conditions employed (p less than 0.025, Fisher's Exact Test, one tail). Three of five MOCA dogs contained hyperplastic nodules in the liver with no such nodules in six control dogs (p greater than 0.05, Fisher's Exact Test, one tail). This was considered to be suggestive of an effect of MOCA treatment.
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PMID:Urinary bladder tumors in dogs from 4,4'-methylene-bis (2-chloroaniline) (MOCA). 72 85

Six female beagle dogs were given, by capsule, a daily oral dose of 100 mg of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB), 3 times per week for 6 weeks, then 5 times per week continuously for periods up to 7.1 years. The DCB test was terminated after 7.1 years. Six untreated female beagle dogs served as controls for several tests and were sacrificed after 8.3 to 9.0 years on test. All 6 DCB dogs had an elevated plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity during the first 3 years on test; two dogs showed persistent elevation throughout the test. One DCB dog, sacrificed in extremis after 3.5 years on test, had no tumors. Another DCB dog, sacrificed in extremis after 6.6 years on test, developed an undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver with metastases to many organs; this dog also had a papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Of the 4 remaining DCB dogs sacrificed after 7.1 years on test, 3 developed hepatocellular carcinomas and all 4 had papillary transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. No liver or urinary bladder tumors were found in the 6 control dogs. DCB was found to be carcinogenic for the liver and urinary bladder in dogs under the conditions employed (p less than .025, Fisher's Exact Test, one tail).
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PMID:Liver and urinary bladder tumors in dogs from 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine. 72 99

Factors influencing spontaneous survival in 49 patients with liver metastases after cancer in colon/rectum were evaluated. In addition the same evaluation was performed in 12 patients treated with 5-Fluoro-uracil systemically of intraarterially in the hepatic artery. Alkaline phosphatases, elevated more than 4 times normal values, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, or jaundice are all unfavorable prognostic signs in the spontaneous group. In the 5-Fluoro-uracil treated group only elevated serum dilirubin had the same unfavorable prognostic sign. Even though it seems to be an increased survival time in the 5-Fluoro-uracil treated group it is concluded that metastases to the liver from cancer in colon/rectum assume to be more or less resistent to 5-Fluoro-uracil.
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PMID:Survival among patients with liver metastases from cancer of the colon and rectum. 106 29

During examination before surgical correction of pes valgus a 20-year-old man reported having 3-5 pasty, foul smelling diarrhoeic motions per day for the past 3 years. He was noted to have rather thick lips and Marfan-like body build. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 18/34 mm, serum activity of GOT 22.5 U/l, GPT 35.7 U/l. Faecal weight was increased to 640 g/d, fat content to 12 g/d. Serum levels of the carcinoembryonic antigen (2494 ng/ml; normal: < 2.5) and of calcitonin (1,619,760 pg/ml; normal < 100) were elevated. Gastroscopy, partial coloscopy, colon-contrast imaging, ultrasonography and computed tomography of the neck and abdomen, as well as magnetic nuclear imaging of the neck were all normal. But laparoscopy revealed the liver to be infiltrated by small whitish nodules which immunohistologically proved to be metastases of a C-cell carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was performed and the diagnosis of a C-cell carcinoma of the thyroid confirmed intra-operatively. After the operation the diarrhoea was stopped with codeine (9 mg/d). In case of tumour progression, therapy with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, will be carried out. The concomitant occurrence of C-cell carcinoma, Marfan-like body build, thick lips and skeletal changes is typical of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, which is caused by a chromosomal defect.
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PMID:[Type-2B multiple endocrine neoplasms with diffuse liver metastases as the cause of chronic diarrhea]. 135 89

Seventy-seven patients with advanced urothelial cancer were treated with methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (M-VAC). Of these 77 patients, 65 could be evaluated for response and 74 for toxicity. Response rates were 65% in the primary organs (62% in the renal pelvis and ureter, 67% in the bladder), 68% in the lymph nodes, 60% in the lung, 25% in the bone and 14% in the liver. Complete responses were noted in 11 patients (17%) and partial responses in 26 patients for an overall response rate of 57% (95% confidence limits 45 to 69%). The median durations of response were 11 months for complete response patients and 7 months for partial response patients. Of the 65 patients 20 (31%) are alive, and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 65%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. While survival rates of responders were higher than those of nonresponders with a statistical significance until 15 months, no significant differences were observed in survival rates between these two groups in the subsequent period. The M-VAC regimen was used for 15 patients as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of the 15 patients, 8 responded and primary organs were preserved in 6 of the 8 responders. Histological effects classified according to Oboshi-Shimosato's criteria were G.I in 9, G.IIA in 3, G.IIB in 1, and G.IVC in 2. There were no significant differences in survival rates according to responses and histological effects. Factors related to response were analyzed with a multiple logistic regression model on 54 patients treated with intravenous administration of drugs and whose histological type was transitional cell carcinoma. The analysis results indicate that the presence of distant metastases is an important factor in predicting poor efficacy. Sixteen of 74 patients (22%) had white blood cell count of less than 1,000 cells per mm3 in the first cycle, while the decrease of platelet count was mild in degree compared with that of the white blood cell count. Patients with elevations of serum creatinine, GOT, and GPT were low in frequency, and toxic symptoms were controllable. Factors significantly related to the occurrence of side effects were sex, performance status, prior radiotherapy, prior chemotherapy, and the method of drug administration. Among these factors, prior radiotherapy was related to severe decrease of white blood cell count. While an excellent overall response rate was provided with the M-VAC regimen, disadvantages of the present regimen were low effectiveness in the bone and liver, and short duration of response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin (M-VAC) in advanced urothelial cancer--analysis of efficacy and toxicity]. 177 Jul 1

Serum CA 19-9 was determined in 83 control subjects, 99 patients with pancreatic cancer, 104 with chronic pancreatitis and 137 with extra-pancreatic diseases mainly of gastrointestinal origin in order to evaluate whether hepatic factors can influence circulating CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this test in determining pancreatic malignancy were: 74%, 83% and 57%. We divided patients into two groups: group A (159 cases) and group B (181 cases) with and without anatomical liver damage (presence of primary or metastatic cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis, steatofibrosis, cholangitis). Group A presented higher CA 19-9 values as compared to group B. Significant correlations were found in group B but not in group A between CA 19-9 and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin. Multiple regression analysis (CA 19-9 dependent and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin predictor variables) was significant only in group B. The standardized partial regression coefficients found to be significant were those of ALP and total bilirubin. We can conclude that CA 19-9 is an index of pancreatic cancer with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. The presence of anatomical liver damage seems to increase the value of this index, probably releasing CA 19-9 into the bloodstream. Extra-hepatic cholestasis may also be an important factor in elevating CA 19-9 probably by reducing the hepatic catabolism of this glycoprotein.
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PMID:How does liver dysfunction influence serum CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer? 213 20

The systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can lead to significant antitumor responses in some patients with metastatic cancer in whom standard therapy has failed. A limitation of this immunotherapy is the toxicity associated with IL-2 infusion. To assess toxicity, we determined aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1), creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), total bilirubin (TBI), direct bilirubin (DBI), creatinine, urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein in serum from 21 patients before and during five consecutive days of IL-2 treatment. Ten patients were followed for an additional five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. The IL-2 infusion caused liver toxicity and prerenal azotemia, as evidenced by significant increases (P less than 0.05) of all analytes except CK by day 1. There was a progressive increase in the results (except CK) for these tests until IL-2 treatment was stopped. Seven tests related to liver function (AST, ALT, GGT, LD, ALP, DBI, and TBI) showed increases, but the test results indicated significant improvement and moved toward the baseline value five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. Concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum were normal three days after the cessation of IL-2 therapy.
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PMID:Changes in laboratory results for cancer patients treated with interleukin-2. 231 Dec 9

A retrospective analysis was made of 78 patients presenting breast neoplasm with hepatic metastases confirmed by ultrasound. Clinical hepatomegaly was present in 61%. The serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) was elevated in 72%, the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in 56%, the serum alkaline phosphatase (Aph) in 86%, and the gamma-glutamil transpeptidase (GGT) in 76%. A hypoechogenic multiple nodular pattern (HMN) was observed in 69%, a diffuse hypoechogenic pattern (DH) in 15%, and a mixed multiple nodular pattern (MMN) in 11%. No single nodular pattern was presented in any patient. The univariate analysis showed a better survival rate in patients with a mixed pattern (mean 11 months, range 1-29 months) (p = 0.027). No significant differences were observed regarding the remaining patterns, age, presence or not of hepatomegaly, or altered enzymatic values.
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PMID:Ultrasonic patterns observed in hepatic metastases from breast carcinoma: diagnosis and evolution. 256 48

We assayed serum levels of certain enzymes and tumor markers in patients after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment. Twenty patients had hepatocellular carcinoma and two patients had metastases to the liver from colon cancer. Assays were first done immediately after TAE and were continued for the next 12 days. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT; EC 2.6.1.1, L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6.1.2, L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) peaked 24 to 48 h after TAE and returned to the base lines in 7 to 10 days. Mitochondrial GOT (mGOT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; EC 1.4.1.2, L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) also peaked at the same time after TAE. alpha-Fetoprotein peaked 2 h after TAE and decreased to half of the baseline on day 7. Carcinoembryonic antigen peaked at 24 h and fell at 48 h only in the patients with colon cancer. The total amount of cytosolic GOT, GPT, mGOT, and GLDH released was correlated to the volume of the necrotic mass estimated by computed tomography scans. The correlation coefficients for mGOT and GLDH were r = 0.919 and r = 0.939 (both p less than 0.001), respectively. Assays of mGOT and GLDH may be useful to estimate the volume of the necrotic mass of a hepatoma or metastatic carcinoma in the liver.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activity after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatic neoplasm. 283 50


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