Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten children, three girls and seven boys, aged 4-10 years, were admitted with benign acute childhood myositis during spring and winter months (March 1988 to March 1990). They presented with an acute onset of symmetrical calf muscle pain and tenderness, weakness and inability to walk a few days after a flu-like illness. All had raised serum creatine kinase and a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the majority had low peripheral white blood cell counts with relative lymphocytosis. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were found to be raised in four patients. Virological studies performed in six children gave negative results. Full clinical recovery was achieved within 1-7 days. One child developed a second episode. These ten cases of benign acute childhood myositis are the first to be reported from this region.
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PMID:Benign acute childhood myositis in Kuwait. 128 48

A 55-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, nonproductive cough and dyspnea. Initially she had been treated with cephem antibiotics by a local doctor. However, acute respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia developed. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood was 55.5 Torr. Her chest X-ray revealed wide-spread infiltrates with air bronchograms throughout the entire left lung, and pleural effusions were also present in the chest CT scan. Because the patient had a history of the contact with birds, we suspected psittacosis and administered Minocycline immediately. As a result, her clinical condition improved and the abnormal shadow on the chest X-ray film improved markedly in three days. Because the serum titer of a complement fixation test against Chlamydia rose to 1:512, we made the diagnosis of psittacosis. In addition, femoral muscle pain, and a high level of serum GOT, GPT, CK, Aldolase and Myoglobin indicated hepatitis and myositis. In the lung tissue specimens obtained by TBLB performed on the 10th hospital day, slight interstitial pneumonia and intracellular inclusion bodies were found by light microscopy and Chlamydial agents were found electron microscopically.
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PMID:[A case of fulminant psittacosis showing Chlamydia in TBLB specimens]. 204 Dec 51

The patient is 48 year-old female who has been followed as MCTD with nonsteroidal therapies for 18 years. Sometimes she has been attached by focal severe muscle pain. One year ago, she had general myalgia associated with high fever and arthralgia. The results of the examination, aldolase, GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, CRP and leucocyte were increased. Muscle biopsy showed noncaseating epithelioid granuloma being in contact with enlarged injected vessels. Out of tough with granuloma, a few fibre necroses, fibrosis of muscle, and degeneration of collagen fiber were recognized. After treatment of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, her every complain was removed. Her muscle looks normal herself. MCTD has myopathy caused by inflammatory infiltrates and fibre necroses. But granulomatous myositis is very rare. It is difficult to differentiate our case from sarcoidosis, especially acute isolated muscle sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[A case of mixed connective tissue disease associated with uncommon acute myopathy caused by isolated muscle epithelioid granuloma]. 221 39

In 1985 and 1986, large-scale natural die-offs of sandhill cranes in Texas were attributed to fusariomycotoxicosis. These birds demonstrated a progressive loss of motor control to the neck, wings, and legs. Based on necropsy and/or histopathology of 31 cranes, the most common lesions involved skeletal muscle and included hemorrhages, granulomatous myositis, thrombosis, and vascular degeneration. Serum chemistry results revealed that levels of creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were above published normals. However, only alanine aminotransferase was higher in clinically affected cranes than in normal cranes collected from the same area.
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PMID:Suspected fusariomycotoxicosis in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis): clinical and pathological findings. 277 94

Among 2175 patients seen over the last three years in a non-specialized department of internal medicine with no intensive care unit, 100 had supranormal serum lactic dehydrogenase activities. These patients' case-reports have been analyzed. Nearly half the patients (47/100) had a malignant disease (cancer or hemopathy). Among the remaining patients, 19 had a hepatic disorder (alcohol hepatitis in 10, viral hepatitis in 8, and isoniazide hepatitis in 1), 7 had a heart disease (heart failure with hepatomegaly in 5, myocardial infarction in 2), and 27 had various other conditions (including hemolysis in 6 and polymyositis en 3). The value of serum LDH assay is obvious in situations other than acute conditions such as myocardial infarction of pulmonary embolism; these are better known and have not been studied here as their prevalence was low among the patients enlisted in our study. In comparison to other enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), transaminases (GOT, GPT) that were also routinely assayed in our patients, abnormal serum LDH activities are much less common and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum LDH activity indicates a serious condition, often with a fatal outcome. The "various other conditions" group includes patients with hemolysis, hepatitis and myositis; the other patients in this group either had severe infectious diseases or died suddenly in the first few days of their hospitalization before diagnosis had been established. Each etiologic group has been analyzed to asses the characteristics of patients with increased LDH activity according to each etiology. Analysis of coincident abnormalities of the other enzymes listed above shows marked differences between etiologic groups; diagnostic accuracy can thus be enhanced in certain conditions. Most patients with malignancies had poorly differentiated tumors, with metastases: 28 had an epithelial tumor, with hepatic and/or bone metastases in 23 cases, 5 had cancer of the liver, 10 had a malignant hemopathy (2 lymphomas, 5 myeloproliferative syndromes, 3 acute leukemias), and 4 had a sarcoma. Cancer of the lung is the most common malignancy (10 cases) and may be responsible for increased serum LDH activity even in patients without metastases. Serum LDH assay is of value for monitoring the course in patients with initially increased activities as it falls under effective therapy and rises during exacerbations.
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PMID:[Value and diagnostic significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in internal medicine (author's transl)]. 628 24

We report serum enzyme patterns in three patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis whose cases posed potential problems in distinguishing malignancy, hepatocellular damage, and myocardial infarction from myositis. The alanine aminotransferase showed five- to 16-fold elevations. The creatine kinase MB isoenzyme and a predominance of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 2 and 3 were present in each of the three patients. However, none of the patients showed any evidence of hepatocellular damage, myocardial infarction, or malignancy. We suggest that, although the individual occurrences are indicative of other processes, the concurrence of elevated alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 2 and 3 is consistent with the diagnosis of polymyositis.
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PMID:Serum enzyme alterations in polymyositis. Possible pitfalls in diagnosis. 736 80

To determine the effect of the combination of niacin and gemfibrozil on the lipid profile, a retrospective review was conducted of 161 patients who were prescribed a combination of gemfibrozil and niacin for 6 to 12 months at a community-based lipid clinic. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and weight were measured at entry to the clinic, 2 months after dietary instruction, during single-agent therapy, and during combination therapy. Mean doses of niacin and gemfibrozil were 1,229 mg/day and 1,200 mg/day, respectively. Patient weight decreased significantly after dietary instruction and after institution of combination therapy. There were no significant changes in ALT levels with either single-agent therapy or with combination therapy. The combination of niacin and gemfibrozil produced marked and significant changes in lipid levels: total cholesterol and LDL decreased by 14%, HDL increased by 24%, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL decreased by 30%, and triglycerides decreased by 52%. The combination of niacin and gemfibrozil in the setting of dietary instruction has a marked beneficial effect on serum lipid levels, and was most effective in patients with initial levels of HDL < 40 mg/dL, triglycerides > 250 mg/dL, and LDL > 160 mg/dL. No episodes of ALT elevation or symptomatic myositis were seen.
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PMID:Effect of a combination of gemfibrozil and niacin on lipid levels. 887 72

The effect of an ethanol extract of Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum resin on hematological and pathophysiological parameters of male Wistar rats was examined. The extract was given daily for 2 w at 1000 mg/kg bw per os, 500 mg/kg bw i.m. or 250 mg/kg bw i.p. Depression, huddling together, soft feces, jaundice, ruffled hair, hepatonephropathy, hemorrhagic myositis and patchy peritonitis (at the injection site) and death were accompanied by increases in serum ALP and ALT activities, bilirubin, cholesterol and creatinine concentrations, and decreases in total protein and albumin levels, and macrocytic anemia and leucopenia. When administered at 500 mg extract/kg bw/d per os or 250 mg extract/kg bw/d i.m. for 2 w it was not lethal, and when given daily for 1 w the effect was less marked.
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PMID:Effects on rats of Commiphora myrrha extract given by different routes of administration. 1043 69

Pharmacologic lipid-lowering interventions should be monitored periodically to assess efficacy and safety parameters. Statins are usually well-tolerated drugs and major side effects include increased serum liver and muscle enzymes (AST, ALT, CK). Treatment should be stopped or diminished in case of significant increase of AST or ALT (> 3x ULN), or CK (> 10x ULN). Other lipid lowering agents may also produce hepatotoxicity or myositis, especially in association with statins (fibrates and nicotinic acid) or in presence of metabolic abnormalities (thyroid, liver or renal disorders). Nicotinic acid can also increase glucose and uric acid plasma levels. Laboratory tests might be performed prior to hypolipidemic drug treatment and should be repeated every three months during the first year and then at 6-mo intervals. Shorter intervals should be recommended in individual cases.
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PMID:[Special recommendations for lipid-lowering treatment: efficacy and safety]. 1640 Mar 89

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children. Its outcome depends on the precocity of the diagnosis and of the treatment, but predictive parameters for guiding the correct therapeutic and prognostic approaches to JDM are still lacking. We analysed the one-year-old outcomes of 20 JDM patients treated with methylprednisolone boluses, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide, through a longitudinal retrospective study. The outcome variables included: the Childhood Myositis Assessment Score (CMAS); Manual Muscle Testing (MMT); the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ); the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ: physical score CHQ PhS and psycho-social score CHQ PsS), patient and parent Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), as well as laboratory data: ESR, LDH, CK, and ALT. Within all JDM patient groups, we discovered significant improvement in all disease activity parameters CMAS (p<0.001) and MMT (p<0.001), followed by a significant decrease in CHAQ (p<0.001), as well as parent VAS (p<0.001) and physician VAS (p<0.001). With regard to laboratory parameters, only CK (p=0.001) and LDH (p=0.013) levels were found to be significantly decreased, while there were no significant changes in ESR and ALT. The results of our study support the findings that the aggressive treatment of JDM patients improves their short-term outlook.
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PMID:[Importance of aggressive treatment in juvenile dermatomyositis]. 1653 95


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