Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 16-year-old girl with myocarditis and hepatitis in the course of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was reported. She had fever and coughed for ten days prior to admission. At the time of admission infiltrations of the left lower lung field were revealed on the chest X-ray films. The ESR was elevated and CRP+6. There were no leukocytosis and anemia, but S-GOT, S-GPT and LDH were moderately increased. On the 11th day of admission VPC in bigeminy appeared and the third sound was heard. Subsequently biphastic and inverted T waves in leads V2 and V3 and flattening of T waves in leads II and aVF appeared. At the same time, the cardiac shadow was enlarged. Antibody titer to mycoplasma pneumoniae increased to more than 1:640 two weeks after admission and then it decreased gradually. The cold agglutinin test was 1:64 on the 8th day of the disease and then it became normal. ASO, antibodies to DNA and immunoglobulins were normal; ANA, Coombs test and LE test were negative. The abnormal ECG-findings were normalized three months later.
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PMID:A case of myocarditis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 74 5

Fifteen women with pseudo-LE syndrome were studied. The dissease is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, myalgia, arthralgia, visceral manifestations (pericarditis, myocarditis, pleurisy, pleural effusion and lung involvement). A prominent feature was an abnormal liver function with elevated GOT and GPT levels in serum, and impaired bromsuophalein elimination. The incidence of varicosities and thrombophlebitis was markedly increased. There was a correlation between complement-fixing antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) titres and the degree of activity of the disease. A reverse correlation was observed between antimitochondrial antibody titres and the absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood. In all instances the antimitochondrial antibodies were of polyclonal origin, belonging mainly to immunoglobulin class IgG and, in a few patients, IgM, IgA, or IgD. AMA titres, lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood, sedimentation rate, serum iron level and alpha1- and alpha2-globulins proved to be valuable in following the course of the disease. Other values (C-reactive protein, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, immunoglobulin and beta1c-globulin in serum) were not helpful.
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PMID:[Clinical and serological aspects of the pseudo-LE syndrome (author's transl)]. 112 30

Acute idopathic pericarditis can be accompanied by myocarditis, and in all types of acute pericarditis there are electrocardiographic signs of myocardial lesions. In order to determine the severity of the myocardial disease in acute idiopathic pericarditis, a prospective study has been carried out in a group of 25 patients with this diagnosis. The clinical evaluation included phonomecardiographic measurements of the systolic intervals, Weissler index in 24 cases, and echocardiographic study of the left ventricle in eight cases. Besides that, the serum levels of the myocardial enzymes (GOT, GPT, CPK, and LDH and its isoenzymes) were determined in all cases. The results showed a gallop rhythm in 8 percent of the cases, supraventricular arrhythmias in 4 percent, dysfunction of the left ventricle by systolic intervals and/or echocardiography in 32 percent, and increase of the myocardial enzymes in 24 percent, which represents a global incidence of myocardial disease of 44 percent. However, only three patients presented clinical manifestations of myocardial disease, although the congestive cardiac failure was always secondary to cardiac tamponade and not to myocardial failure. The increase of myocardial enzymes can determine important problems of differential diagnosis with an acute myocardial infarction. The clinical course was favourable in all of the cases, including the ones which showed myocardial disease.
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PMID:[Myocardial disease in acute idiopathic pericarditis (author's transl)]. 736 77

Scrub typhus, a mite-transmitted zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a disease endemic to Taiwan. Serious complications in scrub typhus were more common in the past 4 years than reported previously. Between August 1993 and July 1997, 33 cases of scrub typhus were admitted at Tri-Service General Hospital. Symptoms and signs were: fever (100%), chills (39%), cough (24%), headache (21%), diarrhea (18%), dyspnea (18%), eschar (60%), adenopathy (33%), and rash (21%). Nineteen percent (6/32) had obvious leukopenia (WBC < 4000/ mm3), 34% (11/32) had leukocytosis(WBC > 10,000/mm3) and 44% (14/32) had thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100,000/mm3). Elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were 81% (26/32) and 75% (24/32), respectively. Serious complications included pneumonitis 36% (12/33), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 15% (5/33), acute renal failure 9% (3/33), myocarditis 3% (1/33) and septic shock 3% (1/33). One patient died of ARDS due to delay in diagnosis. Other patients recovered after appropriate antibiotic and intensive supportive treatments. Emerging virulent strains of O. tsutsugamushi in Taiwan might be biologically plausible. Scrub typhus should be considered in a patient with fever, varying degree of respiratory distress, particularly if there is an eschar or a history of environmental exposure in endemic areas. Prompt diagnosis, timely antimicrobial therapy and intensive supportive care are important for ARDS and other life-threatening complications.
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PMID:Serious complications in scrub typhus. 1049 65

1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane (HFC 245fa) is a volatile, low boiling liquid. It was inactive in a reverse mutation (Ames) assay using five strains of Salmonella typhimurium and one strain of Escherichia coli. It was also inactive in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay with exposures of 101,000 ppm. In a chromosome aberration study with human lymphocytes, some activity was seen when cell cultures were exposed to atmospheres of 30% v/v or higher for 24 h without metabolic activation. No activity was seen in assays using less than 30% v/v or exposure times of less than 24 h. No activity was seen in the presence of metabolic activation even with exposures of 70%. It was not toxic by the dermal route. There was no mortality or significant signs of toxicity when rats and mice were given 4- h exposures to levels of 203,000 ppm or 101,000 ppm of HFC 245fa, respectively. In a cardiac sensitization study with dogs involving intravenous administration of epinephrine, the no observed effect level (NOEL) was 34,000 ppm and the threshold for a response was 44,000 ppm. In a rat inhalation, developmental toxicity study, a slight reduction in pup weight was seen at 50,000 ppm, but not at 10,000 ppm. There were no developmental effects at any level. A series of three inhalation toxicity studies were conducted. All involved daily 6-h exposures up to 50,000 ppm. The first study involved 14 consecutive snout-only exposures. There were no treatment-related effects on body weight, survival, or histologic parameters. BUN, GPT, and GOT levels frequently were elevated compared to controls , whereas cholesterol levels tended to be lower. The second study involved 28 consecutive whole-body exposures. Again, there were no treatment related effects on body weight, survival, or histological parameters. Urine volume was increased. Increases were also seen in several red blood cell parameters. These may be related to partial dehydration. Increases were seen in BUN levels and alkaline phosphatase (AP), GPT, GOT and CPK activities, primarily in rats exposed at 10,000 and 50,000 ppm. Urinary fluoride levels were also elevated in an exposure- related pattern. In the third study, whole-body exposures were conducted 5 days per week for 13 weeks. There were no treatment-related effects on survival, clinical observations, body weight gain, or food consumption. Urine volumes were increased, urinary fluoride levels were elevated, and increases were seen in red blood cell counts, and related parameters and increases were seen in AP, GOT, GPT and CPK activities. These effects were seen in the 10,000 and 50,000 ppm exposure level groups. Histopathologic examination did not show any effects on the kidney, liver, or lungs. There was an increased incidence of myocarditis in all animals exposed at 50,000 ppm and the majority exposed at 10,000 ppm. It was described as mild. Based on these findings, 2000 ppm appears to be a no observed adverse effect level.
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PMID:The acute, genetic, developmental, and inhalation toxicology of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC 245fa). 1063 May 82

The course of an experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in coatis (Nasua nasua, carnivora, Procyonidae) was followed for 262 days. Hematological analysis of the infected coatis revealed a marked decline in hemoglobin, packed-cell volume, and total erythrocyte count. An intense anemia followed the first wave of parasitemia and persisted until the end of the experimental period. Biochemical analysis showed increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreased albumin. The main histopathological features consisted of myocarditis with the presence of degenerate cardiac fibers and meningoencephalitis. This study has shown that coatis infected with T. evansi develop a chronic disease.
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PMID:Experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in South American coati (Nasua nasua): hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes. 1183 97

A descriptive observational study was conducted to identify the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and markers for early diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection in adults. We enrolled 404 patients over a period of two years, beginning from 2001, at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Based on serology, 239 patients were grouped as: IgM 43 (18%), IgG and IgM 140 (58%), and IgG 28 (12%). The clinically diagnosed group without serology numbered 165 patients. Most of the parameters between groups showed a similar pattern: mean age of 30 years, mean duration of fever 7 days (range 1-19 days). Mean total white blood cell and platelet counts started to fall from the second day of fever, with the lowest counts on the 5th to 7th days. Packed cell volume (PCV) showed minimum fluctuation. One hundred and sixty (88%) patients showed elevated liver enzymes (ALT and AST), with 122 of them having a two-fold increase. Three patients died, and complications such as myocarditis, large effusions, encephalopathy, acute renal failure, acute liver failure and diarrhea were observed. These results suggest that a combination of clinical picture, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevated liver enzymes could be used as markers for early diagnosis of dengue infection. Furthermore, evidence-based guidelines should be developed for managing dengue infection in adults.
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and early diagnosis of dengue fever in adults: a descriptive study in Sri Lanka. 1612 39

A 59-year-old previously healthy man had flulike symptoms of fever and diarrhea for a week, which worsened despite treatment with antibiotics. After admission, his medical condition rapidly deteriorated with renal failure, heart failure, and a marked increase of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The patient died of a cardiac arrhythmia 3 days after the admission. The autopsy showed diffuse myocarditis with a granulocytic and monocytic infiltrate, necrotizing arteritis of the coronary arteries, and fulminant hepatitis, with microvesicular steatosis and necrosis. Cell-free serum showed high copies of human herpesvirus 6 B variant DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Human herpesvirus 6 B was identified in the heart, liver, lung, and spleen by immunohistochemistry. No parvovirus B19 was evident in the heart by immunohistochemistry. Human herpesvirus 6 is increasingly found in association with myocarditis in immunocompromised patients; however, histopathologic features and the clinical severity of this disease have not yet been clearly defined. Only 4 to 5 cases of human herpesvirus 6 fulminant myocarditis have been reported, all in young children or immunosuppressed patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the English literature of human herpesvirus 6 fulminant myocarditis and hepatitis in an immunocompetent adult with a fatal outcome. In addition, several pathologic features of our case have not been previously reported.
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PMID:Human herpesvirus 6-related fulminant myocarditis and hepatitis in an immunocompetent adult with fatal outcome. 1976 69

A 75-year-old man was given a diagnosis of invasive thymoma (WHO type B3, stage IVa) in 2004. He received 8 cycles of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristin, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin from November 2004 to May 2005, combined thoracic radiotherapy (total dosage 60 Gy) in April 2006, and 2 cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel from July 2008 to August 2008. He was readmitted to our hospital complaining of fever and neck pain in September 2008. Laboratory data on admission revealed elevated serum levels of CRP, GOT, GPT, LDH, CK, and troponin-I with hypo gamma-globulinemia. Although he received immunoglobulin and antibiotic therapy, he suddenly died of cardiac shock on the 9th hospital day. On postmortem examination of the myocardium, the skeletal muscles of the neck and iliopsoas muscle showed inflammatory cell infiltration containing multinucleated giant cells with degeneration and necrosis of the muscle tissues. These findings were consistent with giant cell myocarditis with polymyositis. Autopsy findings suggested that sudden death was caused by giant cell myocarditis, probably associated with invasive thymoma.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of giant cell myocarditis and myositis associated with invasive thymoma]. 2060 87

We report the case of a 58-year-old male presenting with giant cell myocarditis and myositis associated with thymoma following treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The patient was diagnosed as having stage IVa thymoma. Acetylcholine receptor binding antibody titers were positive at 42 nmol/l, although the patient exhibited no symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG). The patient was treated with a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel. However, 18 days following administration of this second cycle of chemotherapy, the patient developed a low-grade fever. Twenty-one days after receiving the second cycle of chemotherapy, the patient was admitted to the Nagoya City University Medical School complaining of general fatigue. Serum levels of creatinine phosphokinase (7,271 U/l), alanine aminotransferase (469 U/l) and aspartate aminotransferase (561 U/l) were elevated. Electromyography revealed no evidence of a neuromuscular junction defect or myopathic process. The patient developed progressive muscle weakness and succumbed to the disease in hospital on day 9. An autopsy revealed thymoma invasion of the left parietal and visceral pleura, pericardium and diaphragm. Numerous skeletal muscle groups and myocardium exhibited diffuse lymphocytic infiltration. Although it has been suggested that myocardial disorders may occur in patients with thymoma and/or MG, the mechanism involved remains unknown. This second report may provide new data regarding giant cell myocarditis and myositis associated with thymoma following treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel.
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PMID:Thymoma associated with fatal myocarditis and polymyositis in a 58-year-old man following treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel: A case report. 2274 Aug 99


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