Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 42-year-old woman was admitted because of cough, sputum, and fever. A chest roentgenogram revealed a nodular density in the left upper lung field with satellite lesions compatible with tuberculoma. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected from sputum. Five weeks after starting the treatment with 0.4 g/day of isoniazid, 0.45 g/day of rifampicin, and 0.75 g/day of streptomycin, she showed itching erythema in the trunk. The white blood cell count was 4,500/mm3 with 14% eosinophils, and serum transaminases were slightly increased (GOT 101 U/L, GPT 74 U/L). Although isoniazid and rifampicin were stopped, the erythema with exfoliation spread to her extremities, suggesting exfoliative dermatitis. The white blood cell count reached 15,990/mm3 with 68% eosinophils (10,810/mm3). Stimulation indices measured with the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) were 109% with rifampicin, 140% with isoniazid, and 275% with streptomycin, suggesting streptomycin-induced allergy. After cessation of streptomycin, the symptoms gradually improved. After the reaction had subsided, the treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol was resumed, but she showed no further adverse reactions. LST seems to be very useful to identify the drug or drugs responsible for the reactions occurred during the treatment by antituberculosis drugs.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with severe skin eruption, prominent eosinophilia, and liver dysfunction induced by streptomycin]. 153 89

Ten bull-calves were infected with 10(8) viable cells of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis per os. During the 400-day period of observation faecal and blood samples were taken from animals at 30-day intervals. Faecal samples were examined microscopically, blood samples by the CFT, AGID and LST tests. Intradermal allergic tests were carried out at PI (post infection) days 92, 217, 336, using mammalian, avian and johnin PPD. In the period of study, these efficiency indices showed fluctuations characteristic of the given tests. In the period between PI day 160 and 400 fifteen biochemical parameters were measured monthly, TRP, ALP, TRIG and CHOL were reduced by day 400, pointing to disorders of digestion and absorption. Increased activities of CK, ALD, LDH, alpha-HBDH and ALT indicated skeletal muscle and/or liver damage in the first place. Serum CK, ALD activities and TRIG and TRP concentrations may serve as useful complementary values to the specific diagnosis of paratuberculosis, particularly in the advanced stage of the disease.
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PMID:Some diagnostic features of the pathogenesis of bovine paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) and serum biochemical changes after oral reinfection. 238 84

Ten male Holstein-Friesian calves naturally infected by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were experimentally re-infected orally at an average of 17 days. Monthly measurements were conduced of the following activities, in the period between post infection days 160 and 400: total protein (TPR), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRIG), Zn and Cu concentrations as well as sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH), gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALD). TPR, ALB, TRIG, and CHOL were reduced by day 400, in conjunction with disorders of digestion and absorption. Increased activities of CK, ALD, LDH, alpha-HBDH, AST and ALT primarily indicated damage to skeletal muscle and/or liver. Serum CK and ALD activities as well as TRIG and TPR concentrations may serve as aids to specific diagnosis of paratuberculosis, particularly in the advanced stage of the disease.
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PMID:Experimental paratuberculosis (Johne's disease)--studies on biochemical parameters in cattle. 277 44

Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was given daily to groups of guinea pigs at doses of 0.00625, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 1.95 mg/day for 30 days. All guinea pigs were sensitized and survivors were skin tested twenty-five days later with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mortalities occurred only in the two greatest dose groups. Signs of disease included anorexia, roughened hair coat, diarrhea and incoordination. The major histopathologic changes occurring in these two groups included hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of the gastric mucosa with infiltration of neutrophils in the deep gastric mucosa. CPA did not affect cutaneous hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis, complement activity, serum glycocholic acid concentrations or weight gains. There were increases in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase concentrations in the serum of guinea pigs in the two greater dose groups, but no changes were found in serum concentrations of SAP. There was a slight increase in the serum bilirubin concentrations in the greater dose groups.
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PMID:Effect of cyclopiazonic acid on delayed hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, complement activity, serum enzymes, and bilirubin in guinea pigs. 309 99

The paper investigates the relationships between hydrophobic parameters and antituberculotic activity of 2-alkylthio-6-benzamidobenzothiazoles, tested on INH-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the group of compounds with linear alkyl substituents in position 2, the tuberculostatic effect is increasing with decrease of lipophility of alkyls. Branching of the alkyls strongly increases the activity. The hepatotoxicity of compounds under study was investigated by means of the activity of serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST) in Wistar type rats. The hepatotoxicity of compounds seemed to be smaller than that of the thiobenzamides.
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PMID:[Relation between chemical structure, antitubercular activity and hepatotoxicity of 2-alkylthio-6-benzamidobenzothiazoles]. 312 40

Mice injected interperitoneally with 1.5 X 10(8) Mycobacterium lepraemurium develop progressive visceral alterations that are reflected in the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) levels. The rise in GPT and GOT levels starts earlier (about 30 days post-infection) than the rise in LDH activity (about 70 days), but the latter shows the most impressive increases. Differences between infected and control groups, however, reach statistical significance only at 75 days (LDH), 90 days (GOT), and 150 days (GPT) post-inoculation, still well before the appearance of obvious external signs of infection (about 240 days in our model). It is suggested that the ratio of enzyme levels in infected to enzyme levels in uninfected animals could be taken as a reliable index to follow the progress of the infection with M. lepraemurium.
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PMID:Serum enzymatic changes following infection of mice with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. 402 Feb 14

We pursued the possibility that Mycobacterium kansasii might be an aetiological agent in Crohn's disease by carrying out a trial of treatment with antimycobacterial drugs. Twenty seven patients with Crohn's disease took part in a two year randomised double blind, crossover, controlled trial of rifampicin plus ethambutol against placebo. Fourteen patients completed the trial; four required an operation; five were withdrawn as poor compliers, and four because of adverse effects. There was no significant difference in response to the active drugs compared with placebo when expressed in terms of a Crohn's disease activity index or any clinical indicator of disease activity. There was no suggestion that any subgroup of patients - for example, different regions of bowel affected or previous operation - were favourably affected by the drugs. There was no consistent pattern of change in prednisolone requirements although eight patients on long term sulphasalazine had a significant reduction in their plasma sulphapyridine concentrations during the active treatment period. A significant reduction in total white blood count and an increase in plasma ALT were seen during active therapy. The results of the study do not suggest that rifampicin and ethambutol have a role to play in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Controlled trial of rifampicin and ethambutol in Crohn's disease. 636 19

For persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid (INH), rifampin is recommended for the prevention of active disease. However, the adverse effects and acceptability of this preventive therapy are largely uncharacterized. We prospectively followed 157 high-school students exposed to, and probably infected with, M. tuberculosis strains resistant to INH. All 157 students were prescribed preventive therapy with rifampin (10 mg/kg up to 600 mg daily) for 24 wk. While receiving therapy, 41 (26%) reported one or more adverse effects; of these, 18 had therapy interrupted temporarily, two permanently. Four (2.5%) had alanine aminotransferase elevations greater than two times the upper limit of normal (range, 91 to 161 U/L); of these, one had therapy permanently stopped. Six (3.8%) self-discontinued therapy. No student was found to have active disease during the 2 yr of the study (exact 95% upper confidence limit, 2.2). We assumed that without preventive therapy, seven cases of tuberculosis would have occurred during these 2 yr. Therefore, we estimated that rifampin had a minimum protective effect of 56%. In conclusion, preventive therapy with rifampin was well tolerated and well accepted, and it appears effective in preventing active tuberculosis.
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PMID:Rifampin preventive therapy for tuberculosis infection: experience with 157 adolescents. 915 85

During the study's first stage, 284 homeless people from crisis and long-term accommodation sites were surveyed using stratified, systematic sampling. The second stage involved a survey of a convenience sample of 100 homeless people from squats and the streets. Participants completed a questionnaire, Mantoux testing was performed and blood taken for gamma-interferon assay, liver and renal function tests. The group's health status was poor, with 72% experiencing medical conditions in the preceding two years and 77% symptoms in the month prior to interview. Bronchitis, asthma and gastroenteritis were the most commonly reported conditions; productive and persistent coughing, shortness of breath and wheezing the commonest symptoms. Twenty-one per cent had Mantoux reactions 15 mm or greater, 28% a raised GGT and 19% a raised ALT. Seventy-seven per cent smoked, 74% were current drinkers, 28% had injected drugs at some time in their lives and 14% were regularly injecting drugs. Forty-four per cent had experienced mental illness, 49% of whom reported depression and 15% schizophrenia. Homeless people in Melbourne have poor health status and engage in behaviours that place their health at risk. The high number of respiratory and gastro-intestinal complaints, the high level of cigarette smoking and injecting drug use (IDU) and the proportion likely to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) are all issues with important health consequences. Participants recruited from the street had significantly poorer health and engaged in more risk behaviours than those from accommodation sites; those from the accommodated sample were more likely to be infected with Mtb.
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PMID:Health indicators and risks among people experiencing homelessness in Melbourne, 1995-1996. 965 74

Rifapentine is a rifamycin antibiotic with antimycobacterial activity. Rifapentine is generally more active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis than rifampicin (rifampin), although strains resistant to rifampicin are usually cross-resistant to rifapentine. Sputum culture conversion rates were slightly higher after 6 months of rifapentine- versus rifampicin-based therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in a Western study; however, relapse rates were higher in rifapentine recipients during follow-up. The excess relapses in the rifapentine group appeared to be related to poor compliance with nonrifamycin antituberculosis drugs during the intensive phase (first 2 months) of therapy. Rifapentine- and rifampicin-containing regimens produced similar sputum culture conversion rates with low rates of relapse in 2 randomised clinical trials in patients with smear-positive tuberculosis in China. In one trial, there was no difference in sputum culture conversion rates in patients treated with rifapentine once weekly or rifampicin twice weekly in combination with isoniazid and ethambutol during the continuation phase of treatment. Hyperuricaemia, which was reported only during the intensive phase, elevated ALT and AST levels and neutropenia were the most common treatment-related adverse events reported in patients receiving rifapentine- or rifampicin-containing regimens for tuberculosis in 1 Western study.
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PMID:Rifapentine. 980 7


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