Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, cefamandole (CMD), and following results were obtained. (1) Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CMD were determined after an intravenous administration of CMD 30 mg/kg in 13 children with normal renal function. In 5 of 13 children, mean serum levels after a one shot intravenous injection were 112.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 52.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 23.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 4.9 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and trace at 4 hours. In other 5 children, mean serum levels after drip infusion for 1 hour were 78 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 59 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 9.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and trace at 4 hours, after the onset of drip infusion. In the remaining 3 children who received CMD by drip infusion for 2 hours, mean serum levels were 24.3 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 35.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 30.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 5.3 micrograms/ml at 3 hours and 1.5 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after the onset of drip infusion. Urinary recovery rates in 5 children were 154.7%, 98.3%, 93.2%, 111.8% and 66.9%, respectively, during 8 hours. (2) CMD was administered to 40 patients with various infections (acute U.T.I. 8, acute angina lacunaris; 2, acute bronchitis; 5, cervical purulent lymphadenitis; 2, post-measles bronchopneumonia; 3, acute bronchopneumonia; 18, pyothorax; 2, S.S.S. syndrome; 1) by one-shot intravenous injection at a dose of 40-120 mg/kg per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% and bacteriological efficacy rate was 79.2%. (3) As the side effect of CMD, eosinophilia was observed in 1 case, rash and elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case, and proteinuria in 1 case.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefamandole in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 51 91

Liver dysfunction in patients with measles infection is reported commonly in European and American literatures, but those in Japan are relatively rare. We observed the abnormal elevation of serum transaminase in 17 of 18 juvenile patients with measles from December 1989 to February 1990, however severe complications such as pneumonia or meningitis were not observed. A diagnosis of measles was made by typical clinical symptoms and the elevation of IgM antibody against measles (EIA method). Ninety four percent of the patients showed the elevation of serum transaminase, (GOT 118.6 +/- 96.2 IU/l, GPT 161.5 +/- 167.6 IU/l), and all patients recovered completely in 30.5 +/- 12.8 days after the onset. The abnormal evaluation of serum LDH was seen in 94% of the patients, (mean value was 872.2 +/- 216.2 IU/l). LDH4 mainly elevated in most cases, however, LDH5 elevated only in 4 cases. The intensity of liver dysfunction did not correlate to the severity of measles in the present cases. It is considered to be characteristic to the patients with measles that the serum level of LDH is markedly high as compared with that of transaminase.
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PMID:[A clinical study on liver dysfunction in patients with acute measles infection]. 191 4

A total of 740 consecutive children aged between 6 months and 12 years who presented with acute encephalopathic illnesses during a three year period were assessed both clinically and by laboratory investigations. Cerebrospinal fluid was examined for the presence of cells or other abnormal substances, and any organisms were cultured. Blood examination included white cell count and estimations of haemoglobin, urea, glucose, and electrolyte concentrations and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. A firm diagnosis was established in 278 patients (38%). Pyogenic meningitis (n = 134), measles encephalopathy (n = 38), and electrolyte imbalance (n = 23) were important causes in this group, cerebral malaria (n = 4) was uncommon and there were no cases of Reye's syndrome. The diagnoses of the remaining 462 were combined under the heading 'acute unexplained encephalopathy'. Altogether 394 of the 462 patients underwent virological investigations for arboviruses and 92 (23%) had one or more indicators of Japanese encephalitis. No other arboviruses could be isolated. Throat swabs from 187 patients with acute unexplained encephalopathy were studied on monkey kidney tissue cell lines of which 14 were positive (8%). These were identified as adenovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, poliomyelitis, Coxsackie, and echovirus; in two cases the virus was untypable. Japanese encephalitis is an important cause of acute childhood encephalopathy in this region. Clinical features of the illness may be mimicked by several disorders which require specific treatment. Thirty four of the 92 died (37%).
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PMID:Virological investigations of acute encephalopathy in India. 203 25

Humoral and cell-mediated immune response to antigens of hepatitis B (HBsAg and HBeAg), delta-virus, rubella, and measles viruses was studied. Detection in a number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis of HBsAg and HBeAg in blood sera permits a conclusion that productive virus infection is formed in such patients. At the same time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis areactivity of immunocytes to HBsAg and HBeAg was found while marked sensitization of lymphocytes to rubella virus antigens was demonstrated. The patients with rheumatoid arthritis, however, do not develop mere long-term carrier state of hepatitis B virus but form primary chronic hepatitis as a consequence of virus infection. This is indicated by an increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase (1.6 +/- 0.8 mmol/l) and detection of antibody to delta-virus in such patients (28.6%).
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PMID:[Persistence of viruses in rheumatoid arthritis]. 272 9

Fifty-six per cent of 118 young adults observed during a recent measles epidemic had some disturbance on liver function tests. Five per cent developed overt jaundice. Patients treated for fever with paracetamol were found to have significantly higher rates of transaminase impairment compared to those treated with dipyrone. Sixty-five and 58% of patients given paracetamol had elevated ALT and AST levels, respectively. Only 15% of patients given dipyrone had elevated levels of these two enzymes (p less than 0.01 for ALT and p less than 0.02 for AST). The mean levels of transaminases and bilirubin in the paracetamol-treated patients were significantly higher than those found in the dipyrone-treated patients [92 +/- 86 vs. 42 +/- 49 IU (p less than 0.02) for AST and 12 +/- 6.0 vs. 7.0 +/- 2.0 mumoles per liter (p less than 0.01) for bilirubin]. The cumulative dose of paracetamol in those who had impaired liver function was higher than that ingested by patients who did not develop liver damage, although still within the usual therapeutic range [11.6 +/- 5.8 vs. 7.6 +/- 4.2 gm (p = 0.02)]. The possible ways in which measles infection and paracetamol in combination can lead to hepatic damage are discussed.
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PMID:Hepatitis during measles in young adults: possible role of antipyretic drugs. 274 32

To assess extent of hepatic involvement in measles, we evaluated prospectively 144 patients (ages 0.2 to 43 years) during an outbreak. Liver function parameters (AST, ALT, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and bilirubin) were determined on presentation and at 2 and 4 weeks. The study comprised 52 pediatric (less than or equal to 14 years) and 92 adult patients. Liver dysfunction was evident quite often (56 to 66%) in adult patients. However, in the pediatric age group, these abnormalities were less frequent and less extensive. Moreover, a significant correlation was noted between age and each of the following parameters: AST (r = 0.61), ALT (r = 0.56) and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r = 0.39). In all subjects all parameters normalized after 2 to 4 weeks. The data presented suggest that hepatic dysfunction in measles is probably not rare and is more frequent and more extensive in adults. However, these abnormalities seem to be subclinical, self-limited and probably with no long-term sequelae.
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PMID:Extent of measles hepatitis in various ages. 341 36

During an outbreak of measles in the period from May 1993 through February 1994, a 23-year-old woman with measles was admitted because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Moderately elevated levels of serum and urinary amylase were found. We investigated prospectively the next nine consecutive young adults hospitalized with severe measles. Pancreatic and other organ involvement was determined by serum and urinary amylase, serum lipase, and additional appropriate biochemical and hematological data. Four patients had elevated amylase levels in both serum and urine, whereas in one, serum amylase alone was increased. Serum lipase determined in eight patients was elevated in seven. In all patients elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase were found. In seven patients serum calcium concentrations were below the lower limit of normal. Four patients had mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. This is the first detailed report of pancreatic involvement in young adults with measles. This abnormal finding, its possible underlying mechanisms, and the clinical significance are discussed.
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PMID:Pancreatic enzyme elevation in measles. 753 76

We analyzed the clinical course of eight patients with liver dysfunction in measles. All of the patients showed an elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), but no jaundice. These levels returned to normal about 3 weeks after the onset of the rash. A percutaneous liver biopsy was done in two cases. Histological examination showed slight necrosis of liver cells but no significant changes in portal area. On electron microscopy, virus particles were not detected. We detected measles virus RNA in the liver specimen by RT-PCR, which suggests that the measles virus affects liver cells directly in measles.
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PMID:Clinicopathological study on liver dysfunction in measles. 1039 88