Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum DNA polymerase activity (DNA-P) was detected in 27.6 per cent of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis patients, 8.7 per cent of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 8.6 per cent of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients and 19.0 per cent of HBsAg-negative blood donors with elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) concentrations. In contrast, none of the patients with hepatitis A, drug-induced liver injury or non-alcoholic fatty liver had DNA-P in their sera in the acute phase of the illness. All HBsAg-positive samples with detectable DNA-P were strongly positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, but the samples from patients with NANB hepatitis and ALD and HBsAg-negative blood donors had no HBV DNA. Sensitivity to actinomycin D showed the heterogeneity of DNA-Ps in HBsAg-negative blood donors; the enzyme activity of one type was inhibited by 100 micrograms/ml of actinomycin D, whereas the other was not. The preference for exogenous template primers of these DNA-Ps was different to those of HBV and human retroviruses. The results reveal the prevalence of serum DNA-P in NANB hepatitis patients and suggest that two distinct agents are relevant to the aetiology of NANB hepatitis.
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PMID:Prevalence and heterogeneity of serum DNA polymerase activity in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis and HBsAg-negative blood donors with elevated SGPT. 212 73

We have previously described a large municipal obstetrical population in which the carriage rate of hepatitis B (HBV) is 1.2%. The present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of our immunoprophylaxis regimen (hepatitis B immune globulin at 36-72 h, hepatitis B vaccine at 36-72 h, 1 month and 6 months) in eliciting protective antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in the infants of these women, the rate of perinatal transmission of HBV in this population prior to vaccination, the prevalence of anti-hepatitis delta antibody (anti-HD), and the prevalence of liver disease in our hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) population. Four hundred eleven infants of HBsAg+ women were born during the 33-month study period. Of these, only 64 (15.6%) completed the vaccine series and returned for testing at 12 months. Sixty of the 64 had anti-HBs, and one (1.6%) had become HBsAg+. Eighty-nine older siblings of the immunized infants were tested, and 17 (19%) were HBsAg+. Of 54 mothers and eight siblings who were HBsAg+, none had anti-HD. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were normal in 53 of 54 HBsAg+ mothers tested. These data demonstrate 1) reduction of perinatal transmission of HBV from 19% to 1.6% using our protocol, 2) absence of hepatitis delta infection in this population, and 3) high prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of HBV, rather than clinically significant liver disease, in this population. It is imperative to improve compliance in order to maximize the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis for newborns of HBsAg+ mothers.
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PMID:Hepatitis B infection in a large municipal obstetrical population: characterization and prevention of perinatal transmission. 213 61

The effects of weight reduction on hepatic test results and physical findings related to the liver were retrospectively evaluated in 39 overweight patients screened to exclude other factors affecting the liver. An additional 11 overweight patients with primary liver disease were retrospectively evaluated to compare the effect of weight reduction in patients with liver disease with its effect in those without primary liver disease. This study showed that in overweight adults without primary liver disease, a weight reduction of greater than or equal to 10% corrected abnormal hepatic test results, decreased hepatosplenomegaly, and resolved some stigmata of liver disease. In similarly studied overweight patients with primary liver disease, some findings improved, but the changes did not correlate with a greater than or equal to 10% weight loss. Increased alanine aminotransferase activity was the most frequent hepatic enzyme abnormality in this population. For every 1% reduction in body weight, alanine aminotransferase activity improved by 8.1%. After other causes of liver disease are eliminated by clinical and biochemical parameters, weight reduction should be tried for overweight patients with abnormal hepatic test results in the absence of obvious primary liver disease as judged by clinical and biochemical parameters before extensive and expensive studies are undertaken.
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PMID:Effect of weight reduction on hepatic abnormalities in overweight patients. 221 Feb 47

A 41 year old woman developed chronic active hepatitis with prominent cholestasis. She was treated with prednisolone over 3 years with symptomatic benefit and improvement in serum biochemistry. However, various steroid-related side effects were encountered and steatorrhoea eventually occurred with very troublesome nocturnal diarrhoea. Therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid 750 mg daily was started. Serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase normalized for the first time since her illness began. Steatorrhoea was abolished. There was good control of symptoms as prednisolone therapy was gradually reduced. However, when prednisolone was completely withdrawn there was a prompt biochemical deterioration. Addition of low-dose azathioprine has maintained normal blood tests over 24 months without return of the original symptoms. There are no side effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in subjects without gallstones and this agent may be effective treatment for cholestatic liver disease.
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PMID:Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in chronic active hepatitis. 223 18

We reviewed the clinical presentation, subsequent course, and outcome of 98 patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency seen at our institution during the past 20 years to obtain answers to the following questions: (1) What prognostic factors aid in determining the course of liver disease in affected patients? (2) When is the appropriate time for referral to a liver transplant center? (3) Does breast-feeding prevent chronic liver disease? (4) What is the incidence of severe liver disease in family members? Our analysis revealed that the initial values of alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and trypsin inhibitory capacity may have prognostic value. During clinical follow-up the recurrence or persistence of hyperbilirubinemia along with deteriorating results of coagulation studies indicated the need for liver transplantation because of imminent poor outcome. Girls had a worse prognosis than boys. Initial breast-feeding versus feeding of commercial formulas did not influence overall overcome. The incidence of significant liver disease among "at risk" siblings was 21% (3/14); if one assumes mendelian inheritance from heterozygous parents, the overall risk for siblings in our families was 5%.
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PMID:Liver disease in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: prognostic indicators. 224 82

A newly recognized disease in dogs, ulcerative dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus (diabetic dermatopathy), was diagnosed in 2 dogs with pancreatic endocrine tumors that had immunohistologic evidence of glucagon production. Dogs developed diabetes mellitus in the later stages of the illness, months after the skin disease was first observed. Liver disease was identified and characterized by high serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities. Clinically, erythema and crusting involved the footpads, the face, perioral and genital skin, and ventrum. Histologically, skin lesions were intercellular and intracellular edema and necrosis of the upper half of the epidermis and diffuse parakeratosis. Clinically and histologically, skin lesions closely resembled necrolytic migratory erythema of people, a skin disease that usually is associated with a glucagon-secreting pancreatic endocrine tumor and diabetes mellitus (glucagonoma syndrome): The morphologically descriptive term, superficial necrolytic dermatitis, was preferred over the previously proposed names hepatocutaneous syndrome and diabetic dermatopathy, which each connote only a single feature of the disease.
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PMID:Glucagon-producing pancreatic endocrine tumors in two dogs with superficial necrolytic dermatitis. 227 59

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in 27 children who had increased alanine aminotransferase activity and antibody to hepatitis B e antigen in serum from the time of their first clinical observation. Initial histologic changes were consistent with chronic active hepatitis in 13 cases (three with associated cirrhosis) and with persistent or lobular hepatitis in the remaining cases. On the basis of virologic testing, three groups of patients were identified: (1) two children had hepatitis delta antigen in the liver and anti-delta antibody in serum, and both had severe hepatitis; (2) 10 children had hepatitis B virus DNA in serum, and 60% of them had active hepatitis; (3) 15 patients had no hepatitis B virus DNA, and 33% of them had active hepatitis. During a follow-up period of 12 months to 12 years (mean +/- SD: 6.1 +/- 2.4 years), the disease remained active in both children with anti-delta antibody, but they had no major complaints. In all eight patients who could be followed in group 2, test results became negative for hepatitis B virus DNA and alanine aminotransferase activity normalized within 4 years; biochemical remission was delayed in three patients with higher hepatitis B virus DNA levels on entry, and one of these patients had a severe exacerbation of disease activity before remission. In group 3, a total of 10 patients (71%) achieved biochemical remission within 1 year, and two within 26 months; only two patients, who were transfused at birth, had long-lasting liver damage. These results indicate a trend to early remission of liver disease in children with chronic hepatitis B with antibody to hepatitis B e antigen without delta virus infection. Antiviral therapy aimed at accelerating the termination of hepatitis B virus replication may be indicated only in those with higher levels of hepatitis B virus DNA.
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PMID:Long-term evolution of chronic hepatitis B in children with antibody to hepatitis B e antigen. 231 1

Forty-three patients with hematopoietic disease were treated with intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from 28 HLA-identical and 10 one to two antigen haploidentical sibling donors and autologous BMT (5 cases). Of these cases, there were 21 with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 5 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 6 with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 2 with Hodgkin's disease (HD), 8 with severe-form aplastic anemia (SAA) and 1 with thalassemia. Complications of BMT were evaluated including acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), interstitial pneumonia (IP), veno-occlusive liver disease (VOD), abnormalities of liver function (LF), and alteration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. In thirty-three patients who were followed up for more than 3 months, we found that the incidence of moderate to severe acute GVHD (9.1%) and IP (two cases, 4.7%) were low. No VOD occurred in our series. During the follow-up period, 27 out of 35 patients (77%) had high alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, even up to 1000 U/liter; however, only one patient succumbed to a hepatitis-related complication. Previous hepatic damage from HBV infection before BMT does not appear to increase the risk of posttransplant morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Complications of bone marrow transplantation in Chinese. 232 72

A population of 488 HBsAg carrier individuals, from central Italy, classified on the basis of biochemical, clinical and histological parameters, was analysed for the presence of HBV-DNA in serum and its relationship with HBeAg/anti-HBe markers. The prevalence of HBV-DNA was 32.8% in chronic patients with biopsy-proven liver disease, and 20 and 4.3% respectively in asymptomatic carriers with and without altered ALT levels. The values in chronic patients were correlated with the histological activity. Concordance of HBV-DNA presence and HBeAg positivity was observed in only 61.4% of cases. However HBV-DNA prevalence in sera of anti-HBe positive individuals was very low in asymptomatic carriers with normal ALT levels (2.5%). Higher values were observed in anti-HBe positive chronic patients (15.8%) and in carriers occasionally found with changes in ALT without any other clinical sign of illness (16.7%). These data would indicate that HBV-DNA is the serological marker which is most closely related to liver disease.
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PMID:HBV-DNA, HBeAg/anti-HBe serological status in hepatitis B chronic individuals from central Italy. 234 88

The hydrophilic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has recently been shown to improve indexes of liver function in adult patients with various liver diseases. The clinical and biochemical responses to UDCA administration (10 to 15 mg/kg body weight per day) were therefore investigated in nine patients with cystic fibrosis and evidence of liver disease. All patients were receiving pancreatic enzymes and taurine supplementation. Liver function tests were done and serum bile acid concentrations and biliary bile acid composition were determined before and during UDCA therapy; fat balance studies and fecal bile acid excretion were carried out before and 6 months after UDCA treatment. After 2 months of bile acid therapy, biliary bile acid composition was enriched in UDCA from approximately 5% before treatment to 25%, at the expense of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, thus making the pool more hydrophilic. This enrichment is lower than that reported for adults with chronic liver diseases. Serum concentrations of UDCA increased significantly but variably. UDCA became the predominant fecal bile acid excreted (12% to 67%), indicating a variable absorption of the administered bile acid. Liver function improved in all patients after 2 to 6 months of therapy, although the degree of improvement (aspartate aminotransferase, -34%; alanine aminotransferase, -41%; gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, -41% alkaline phosphatase, -19%) was lower than that observed in adults with chronic liver diseases. Mean coefficient of fat absorption and growth rate were, on average, unaffected by UDCA therapy, although an improvement was noted for three patients with greater severity of steatorrhea. The study indicates that UDCA can be used safely in this patient population but that higher doses of UDCA may be of greater benefit in the treatment of the liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy for liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis. 239 10


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